| Kyoul Ja Cho | 30 Articles |
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to survey and examine the relationship of perceived parental rearing attitude, stress, stress-coping, and self-efficacy in middle school students. METHODS Data were collected 262 middle school students in the study. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean score for parenting attitude was 3.40 (5 scale), stress 2.36 (5 scale), stress-coping 2.12 (4 scale) and self-efficacy 2.46 (4 scale). There were a positive correlations between rearing attitude and self-efficacy (r=.141). There were a negative correlations between rearing attitude and stress (r=-.284). CONCLUSION In order to promote self-efficacy and to decrease stress in middle school students, it is necessary to develop supporting intervention to develop parental rearing attitude. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate effects of Meridian massage on the growth of the infant and on mother-infant interaction, mother-infant attachment, and the mother's satisfaction with her mothering role. METHOD The participants were 39 mothers of infants who were seen at one of two urban public health centers located in Yangju or Seoul. Data were collected from February 2008 to December 2008. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50 minutes (lecture 20 minutes, practice 15 minutes, preparation and arrangement 15 minutes) once a week for 6 weeks. Percentages, means with standard deviation, chi-square test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS program to analyze the data. RESULTS Infants in the experimental group showed an increase in weight & height compared to those in the control group. Mother-infant interaction, mother-infant attachment, and satisfaction with mothering role were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. CONCLUSION The above finding suggest that Meridian massage should be applied in clinical practice to improve growth of infants, interaction and attachment between infants and their mothers, and the mother's satisfaction with her mothering role. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate effect of Meridian massage on the growth of infants and on parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy in their mothers. METHOD The participants were 65 mothers of infants who visited one public health center in Yangju City. Data were collected from February, 2007 to December, 2007. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50 minutes (lecture 20 minutes, practice 15 minutes, preparation and arrangement 15 minutes) once a week for 6 weeks. Percentages, means with standard deviation, Fisher's Exact Test, chi-square test, Repeated Measured ANOVA and ANCOVA were used, with the SPSS program, to analyze the data. RESULTS Infants in the experimental group showed an increase in height compared to those in the control group, but there was no difference in infant weight between the two groups. Compared to the control group, mothers in the experimental group has significantly less Parenting Stress and Parenting Self-efficacy. CONCLUSION The above findings suggest that maternally administered Meridian massage should be applied in clinical practice to improve growth of infants, emotional condition of mothers and interaction between infants and their mothers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting attitudes and to identify factors influencing this parenting attitude in mothers of children with hemophilia. METHOD The participants in this study were 119 mothers of children with hemophilia (under 18 years of age) who were registered members of the Korea Hemophilia Foundation. Data were collected using the Mother-Infant Attachment Scale, Maternal Guilt Scale and Parenting Attitude Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. RESULTS The parenting attitude was 3.02 (total possible score=4). By subcategories, achievement attitude was the highest (3.45). Of the factors influencing parenting attitudes, mother-child attachment, maternal guilt and self-esteem account for 45.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION The findings of this study show that attitudes of parents of children with hemophilia were positive. As mother-child attachment and maternal guilt were identified as major factors in predicting parenting attitudes, there is a need to consider interventions that will increase mother-child attachment and decrease maternal guilt.
PURPOSE
This study was to done to develop a nursing intervention, Meridian massage and to investigate its effects on the infants' growth and sleep of infants and on role confidence and sensitivity in their mothers. METHOD This study used a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi experimental. Infants and mothers from Y health center were assigned to an experimental group (17) and control group (14). Meridian massage was given to infants by their mothers. Data were collected from August 11, 2005 to February 24, 2006. Infants in the experimental group had Meridian massage for 15 min per time, three times a week for 3 weeks. RESULT Regarding growth, infants in the experimental group showed a statistical significant increase in weight and height compared to those in the control group. Sleeping well was also significant for infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group. There was no signifiant difference in confidence in mothering role between the two groups. Sensitivity for the mothering role was significantly higher for mothers of infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group. CONCLUSION Meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant growth and maternal-infant interaction.
PURPOSE
This study was to develop a nursing intervention for infants nursing. Meridian massage and to investigate its effects on the behavioral state of the infants, mothering role satisfaction and mother-infant attachment. METHOD This study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design in quasi experimental basis. Infants and mothers from Y health center were selected for the experimental group(17) and control group(14). Data were collected from August 11, 2005 to February 24, 2006. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage education and practice for 50min three times a week for 3 weeks. RESULTS For behavioral state, when inactive infants in the experimental group showed a statistical significant difference by being in a greater state of alert as compared to the control group. The attachment of mother and infant was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Satisfaction with mothering role was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. CONCLUSION Meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention to improve positive behavioral state in infants and also in maternal-infant interaction.
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the effects of distraction generated by character on the reduction of intravenous injection pain. METHOD This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Sixty preschool children who were admitted to the pediatric department in a C university hospital were selected and were assigned. by convenience assignment to the experimental or control group. The two groups were homogeneous for demographic characteristics. RESULTS In the experimental group, objective pain(t=3.666, p=.001), subjective pain (t=3.415, p=.001) and perceived pain by the mother(t=2.528, p=0.014) decreased after the intravenous injections as compared to the control group. There were no statistical significant differences in pulse rate or fear between the experimental and the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that using character stamp and stickers could be considered as an independent nursing intervention for reduction of intravenous injection pain in preschooler.
PURPOSE
This study is to assess and compare the analgegic effects of 25% sucrose coating pacifier and pacifier. METHOD The participants are 75 healthy infants of neonatal age 1-7 days and randomized to receive heel prick before 2 minutes to blood sampling and physiological test in Nursery of A Medical Center from 24, January to 28, February, 2003. The experimental group assigned to one of three treatment groups: no treatment, a pacifier, 25% sucrose coating pacifier. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 11.0 program using Chi square-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe, repeated mesured ANOVA. RESULTS: The pain score of 25% sucrose coating pacifier is lower than no treatment group and pacifier group. In heart rate, there were statistical significant differences between three groups. In repiratory rate, there were no statistical significant differences between three groups. In SaO2, there were statistical significant difference between three groups. CONCLUSION: The 25% sucrose coating pacifier showed pain relief effect in behavior responses and heart rate and SaO2. Accordingly, the sucrose coating pacifier should be applied nursing intervention for simple pain management as heel prick.
PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight in infants and mother-infant interaction. METHOD This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-one newborn infants from a postpartum Management Center were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from February 1 to September 30, 2004. Infants in the experimental group (16) were given Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily for 6 days and weighed every day at 10 am. Using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale(1978), mother-infant interaction was determined before the treatment, after 1 week and 1 month after the massage. RESULTS: Infants in the experimental group had a higher average weight than those in the control group and the difference was significant (Z=-2.29, p=.022). For mother-infant interaction, the experimental group had higher scores than the control group, and the difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 3 measurement times. CONCLUSION: The Meridian Massage in this study showed positive weight gain and positive mother-infant interaction. This study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant development.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare subjective symptoms of VDT between computer-addicted and non-addicted adolescents. METHOD A descriptive survey design was used and 646 students in one middle and two high schools were selected as participants. RESULT The VDT subjective symptoms and degree of severity differed according to whether the students were computer-addicted or not, and in all symptoms, general, musculoskeletal, eye and mental, the mean score for subjective symptoms was higher in the addicted group than in the non-addicted group. The score for VDT subjective symptoms was highest in the addicted group for girls and students who were not healthy. The most frequent physical symptom reported by students who visited the school health room for a health problem after using the computer was headache. The most frequent type of treatment at the school health room was treatment of the symptom. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that students must acquire correct habits in computer use and be careful not to be addicted to the computer in order to avoid VDT syndrome. For this, educational authorities should develop computer-related health education programs and start the programs from the lower grades of elementary school.
PURPOSE
This descriptive correlation study was done to investigate adolescent behavior that promotes health and to identify factors influencing this behavior. METHOD The participants (702) were a conveniently selected sample of second grade high school students. Data were gathered by self-administered questionnaires and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. RESULTS 1) The score for health-promotion behavior was 2.49 (total possible score = 4). By subcategories, emotional support was the highest (3.02). 2) Of the factors influencing health-promotion behavior, self-efficacy was found to account for 37.5% of the variance, followed by family function, social support, perceived health status and internal health locus of control. Overall, these factors accounted for 50.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that health-promotion behavior in adolescents was slightly above average. As self-efficacy and family function were identified as major factors in predicting health-promotion behavior, there is a need to consider interventions that will improve self-efficacy and family function.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between personality traits and awareness of gender equality. METHOD A descriptive survey design was used and 688 students in fifth and sixth grades in 3 elementary schools were selected as participants. RESULT 1. Level of gender equality awareness among the students was 2.82. This is higher than average and was most influenced by awareness of family life, followed by awareness in education, work environment and social-cultural life. 2. Students with higher levels of extraversion-introversion had higher levels of awareness of gender equality in family life, work environment, and education. Students with higher levels of tough-mindedness showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in family life and work environment, while those with higher levels of lying showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in social-cultural life. CONCLUSION Personality traits and awareness of gender equality were correlated to some degree. However, in order to understand the characteristics of childhood personality traits and the behaviors of our children though the mediation of the gender equality awareness as society changes, and to let them grow with understanding of gender equality, it is essential to implement various kinds of education in families, schools, and the society.
PURPOSE
This study was to identify and to search the related disposition of the pattern of anxiety and coping in mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome through the use of Q-methodology. METHOD 34 Q-samples were finally selected in the concept of anxiety and coping. A P-sample of 35 was selected the mothers of children with nephortic syndrome. The result of the Q-sorting was coded and analyzed using QUANL PC program. RESULT There were 3 types of special opinion. The first type is called " Pursuit of hope type." Members of this type were cope with the anxiety by spiritual behavior like a pray, positive thinking. The second type is called "Worry about reality type." Members of this type were to be filled with apprehension like an indigestion, insomnia. The third type is called " Solving problem type." Members of this type were cope with the humanity effort by conversation. CONCLUSION The mothers of children with nephrotic syndrome were used various coping patterns to cope with the anxiety conditions that their child were result from admission to hospital and treatment of the disease. Therefore, nursing assessment and nursing intervention skills have to develop in consideration of the subjectivity of coping about anxiety in each individual.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect on mother-fetus attachment through mother-fetus interaction promotion program of talking and tactual stimulation aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primipara Non-equivalent control group posttest design was used. Fifty primiparas (26 mothers for intervention group and 24 mothers for control group) were recruited from three general hospital and an OBGY clinic located in Gang Nung city. Data was collected from January 30th to December 20th in 2001. For the intervention group, programed education which focused on mother-fetus interaction promotion of talking and tactile stimulation in the 1st trimester. Telephone counselling was provided with interval of two weeks. For two groups, home visiting for data collection of mother-fetus attachment was conducted at 36 to 38 weeks of gestational age. The data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher' Exact test to test the equivalence of two groups, and the effect of intervention program was determined with t-test. The result was as follow: The significant difference was found in mother-fetus attachment between two groups(t= 2.772, P= 0.0079). It indicated that intervention program was effective in improving mother-fetus attachment. In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention aimed at enhancing sensitivity of primiparas to fetus's movement promoted mother-fetus attachment. Therefore, this study suggests that this nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the fetus's movement should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial for formation of mother-infant relationship, and for promotion of the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture on reduction of headache. METHOD This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. 45 middle school girls who complained of headache were selected as subjects. The study lasted from November 2002 to June 2003. There were 22 girls in the experimental group while 23 girls were control group; convenience assignment was used. The two groups were homogeneous on characteristics. The experimental group received hand acupuncture. The treatment was to puncture corresponding points (A33, B27, M1, I2) on both the palm and the back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles, and then remove them after a 20-30 minutes recess during which the subjects reclined on a bed. The data were analyzed using the SPSS PC with Fisher's Exact X(2)-test, and Mann Whitney U-test. RESULT The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the experimental group, objective pain decreased after hand acupuncture (U= -2.51, p= .01). As for the objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed in the experimental groups (U= -2.35, p= .02). Facial expressional changes were observed (U= -1.87, p= .06) and perspiration degree (U= -.99, p= .32) has reduced. However, these differences were not statistically significant between the experimental and control group. 2) Subjective pain degree decreased after hand acupuncture in the experimental as compared to the control group. 3) No statistical significant difference in comfort (U= -.29, p= .78) or distress (U= -1.51, p= .13) between experimental and control group were found. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that hand acupuncture is an effective method for reducing headache. Therefore, hand acupuncture can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for headache reduction.
PURPOSE
This study was implemented to develop new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight, behavioral state in infants.METHOD: This study has been conducted on the non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis and newly born infants from Postpartum Management Center were selected in two groups of 35 infants. Data has been collected from February 1st to October 30th of 2002. The experimental group(20) took Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily twice during 6 days and control group took Field massage as same time. Weight has been determined 10:00 hours everyday morning and behavior status has been determined before and after 5 minutes beth by Anderson et al.(1990) tools. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11.0 Program using t-test, chi2-test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULT The results were as follow. In the aspect of behavioral status, Meridian massage group(55.8%) showed increase "positive" state than Field massage group(42.6%). And there was statistical significance(p=.002). Meridian massage group showed higher in the average weight than Field massage group(F=6.753, p=.014), and there was significant term between the two groups(F=10.129, p=.000). But there was no interaction group and term. CONCLUSION The Meridian Massage in this study showed more positive aspect in weight gain and positive behavior status than Field Massage. This study has informed that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving Infant development.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations in vital sign changes, the severity of pain, signs of complications, and the duration of sandbag management in order to suggest a standardized practice related to sandbag management in children with Nephrotic Syndrome(NS). METHOD From October 2000 to May 2001, seventy children with NS who underwent kidney biopsy were interviewed at one hospital in Seoul Korea, and participated in this study. RESULT 1) The average sandbag applying time after kidney biopsy was 18.1 hours. 2) Systolic blood pressure and respiration increased until 15 minutes after kidney biopsy, after then, they decreased significantly (systolic BP, p= .006; respiration, p= .029). However, no significant changes were noted in diastolic blood pressure and pulse. 3) Pain was reported minimal for 1 hour after kidney biopsy. The severity of pain increased until 12 hours after the procedure, then, decreased significantly(p= .0001). 4) Reported complications were hematuria (74.7%) and abnormal sonogram (32.9%). No apparent bleeding on the biopsy region was reported in any children. CONCLUSION From these findings, it is possible to change the protocols of the duration of absolute bed rest time and sandbag application management shortly after kidney biopsy. But it is needed to study the fit protocols for kidney biopsy. Several implications in nursing practice are suggested. 1) Replicated studies for more participants are needed. 2) Further research on the effect of sandbag application after kidney biopsy is required. 3) The best duration of sandbag application management after kidney biopsy need to be investigated.
This study analyzed the services as operated by the Child Health Telephone Service Center. The Center is a toll free service operated as part of the community services of the Korean Academic Society of Child Health Nursing. The aim of the study was to describe the concerns of child caregivers regarding child health care as discussed during telephone counseling. Specific objectives were as follows: 1. To analyze the activities of the Center. 2. To describe the characteristics of caregivers who made phone calls for counseling services and also the characteristics of their children. 3. To analyze the content of the counseling sessions. 4. To analyze counseling content according to the characteristics of the caregivers and their children. Data used for the study were obtained from the counseling records for the period from Sept. to Dec. 1999, as kept by the three counselors at the Center. The total number of calls was 8,261 and that consisted of 15,150 questions. The total questions were merged into 13,236 by eliminating those questions which overlapped or were of similar content. The final 13,236 questions were used for the final analyses.
Almost of the callers (98.4%) were mothers. Among them 89.6% were between 25 and 35 years of age. Geographical distribution of the callers covered the whole nation. The largest numbers who made the calls were from the Seoul metropolitan area (36%), followed by 28% from Kyung Gi Province, and 20% were from the Kyung Sang area. Among 8,261 callers, 72.8% were first users. Sex of the babies and children in question for counseling was about even for males and females and ages ranged from one month to six years. The largest group (62.5%) was the less than six month age group.
The finalized 13,236 questions/problems were categorized into 11 problem areas. They were in order of frequency, physical problems, feedings and nutrient concerns, information on child rearing, growth and development, guidance on utilization of child care facilities, elimination problems, sleeping concerns, immunization related concerns, behavior problems, injury and accidents, and safety measures. The most frequent problems for counseling were physical signs and symptoms (27.3%), followed by feeding and nutrients, information on child rearing, and growth and development. Of physical problems, abnormal gastrointestinal signs and symptoms were the most frequent concern and skin problems were next at 25% and 23.3% respectively. Loose bowels, vomiting and constipation were the most frequent gastrointestinal problems. Atopic dermatitis had the highest frequency at 53.3% with diaper rash being the second highest among the skin problems. About 80% of the growth and developmental category were physical development concerns related to physiological, body growth, and motor and sensory development. This study constitutes the activity report for the first year of the Center. The findings correspond with literature reports on child health problems and parents educational needs. One recommendation from this study is that since the services of the Center are carried out only by telephone, the psychology of the counselees and the counselor relationship must be considered for better services.
Considering the rapid change of modern nursing knowledge, it is necessary to make changes in the curriculum of nursing education periodically according to the patient-nursing needs and the students' needs. This means that nursing education has to provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Also, as the students of the RN-BSN program being all registered nurses, the education program for them is planned differently from the general undergraduate program. This study was conducted to establish the scope of educational contents of pediatric nursing in RN-BSN program. The contents of the pediatric nursing curriculum and its necessity was identified and reviewed. From June 5 to June 30 2000, data were collected from 309 RN-BSN students in 5 nursing schools. The questionnaire used for this study was developed by their researchers and the Korean Nursing Association and consisted of items according to the curriculum contents of pediatric nursing. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentages and was analyzed using SPSSWIN 10.0 programs.
The results were as follows: 1.In the section surveying on the credits of pediatric theory and clinical practice, 3 out of 5 schools had 2 credits in theory (60.0%), and 2 credits for clinical practice in 2 schools, and 2 credits were given to the elective practice in 2 other schools. 2. In analyzing the degree of demand for lecture and clinical practice, 52.1% of students preferred lectures to be given by professors and 53.7% preferred their level of undergraduate knowledge updated and finally most of the students (81.9%) didn't want to do the clinical practice. 3.The students weighted the importance of current curriculum contents as follows : sex education of adolescence(60.8%), high-risk infant(59.5%), sex education of school age children(59.2%), the handicapped children (55.7%), health assessment(52.4%), children with pneumonia(51.5%), children with asthma (47.1%), children with burns(41.1%). In conclusion, there is a need for research to measure the degree of education satisfaction and needs in RN-BSN students and to improve the curriculum contents in pediatric nursing.
This is a nonequivalent control group pretest- posttest design in quasi experimental basis to assess how the thermal head and feet support influences on early stage weight gain in premature neonates. The clients were selected among the premature infants with the weight under 2000gms and with the gestational period under 37 weeks, admitted over 15 days in K university hospital, Seoul. The control group of 29 were selected from January 1998 to August 1998, who were without head and feet thermal support, and the experimental group of 30 were selected from September 1998 to May 1999, who were with the two thermal interventions. The results of the study follow, 1.The experimental group with thermal interventions showed more weight gain than the control group without thermal interventions, which was statistically significant between the two groups. 2.The physiological weight loss after birth showed less in the experimental group than in the control group. 3.The recovery of the birth weight after the physiologic weight loss showed no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group.
Consequently, the thermal head and feet supportive nursing intervention could be applied as a nursing intervention program to help the premature neonates' development. With the results above we should like to suggest the following: 1) A continuous application in the practice of our thermal supportive intervention for the premature neonates, a development of the content through evaluation, and a comparision of the results through a long time study. 2) A neccessity of deveopment of various study and cross comparision. 3) A neccessity of multi-angular study on the premature infants' characteristics influencing the thermal therapy and the study of the individual differences of the clients.
This study was designed to compare the educational needs and satisfactory about infant care of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center for development of the educational program. The subjects for this study were 100 mothers in the Post-partum Care Center in Seoul and Buchon. The data were collected during the period from Feb. to March, 2000. The Educational Need and satisfactory for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers.
The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, paired t-test using SPSS PC+ WIN.The results were as fellow; 1) The educational needs of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center were high (mean=4.32). 2)The satisfactory of the mothers in the Post-partum Care Center of educational program of infant care were middle range (mean=3.60). 3) The educational needs of infant cares in the Post-partum Care Center were higher than satisfactory of the mothers in the Post- partum Care Center of educational program of infant care(t=7.71 p=.000). 4) The educational need by content was signs, symptoms and management of disorders(i.g. cyanosis, seizure, fever, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g. feeding, diaper change etc.). In conclusion, when the infant caregiver in the Post-partum Care Center teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of educational need of mother. And its educational contents must be included of mental and emotional development and signs, symptoms and management of disorders.
This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years.
they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch.
2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonpharmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery.
In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.
The purpose of this study was to compare degree of complication and discomfort between application & non - application of a sand bag after 3hours, 6hours, 18hours of a cardiac catheterization. The results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in a degree of occurrence of a complication and pain of the femoral punture site between application and non-application of a sand bag after the cardiac catheterization. 2) A degree of a discomfort between application and non-application of a sand bag after the cardiac catheterization recorded the highest scores in the application group of a sand bag 6 hours after the cardiac catheterization.
This study has been conducted on the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design in quasi experimental basis and newly born premature infants from intensive care unit of G Medical University Hospital in Inchon Metropolitan were selected in two groups of 21 infants each. The first group for experimental and the other for control. Data has been collected form October 30, 1997 to August 29, 1998. For the experimental group tactile and kinesthetic stimulation was applied 2 times a day for10 days(10:00 ~ 11:00 hours in the morning and 17:00 ~ 18:00 in the afternoon). As a weight weighing instrument, electronic indicator scale(Cas Co.
korea) was used.
Collected data were analyzed with the SAS program using X2-test, student t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Pearson correlated coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression. The result were as follow. 1. As for the daily weight gain, the experimental group showed first change in weight and this group also showed higher weight in the average weight than the control group. Statistically, however, there was no significant factor between the two groups. 2. In the correlation between general characteristics and weight gain, gestation period, apgar score, admission period before study, N.P.O. period after birth, recovery period to birth weight showed statistical significance negative correlation with weight gain in the experimental group than control group. 3. In the factor with affected the weight gain by general characteristics showed recovery period to birth weight and head circumference in the experimental group, control group showed recovery period to birth weight, N. P.
O. period after birth, admission period before study, feeding amount, weight of study. In conclusion, the sensory stimulation in this study showed a positive aspect through there was no statistical significance in the weight gain. In the correlation of general characteristics and weight gain showed statistical significance negative correlation. The main factor which affected the weight gain by general characteristics showed recovery period to birth weight.
The purpose of this study was to find whether the educational program contributed to the increase of caring confidence and rearing attitude of the newborn mothers. The subjects for this study were 40 newborn mothers-20 control group and 20 experimental group-who delivered a normal neonate and were gotten general informations from the nurses at the K medical center in Seoul. Especially, the experimental group was educated for 30-40 minutes in maternal educational program through lectures, demonstrations, discussion with textbooks and visual materials by a researcher at 2-3 days after delivery. The data were collected two times-at 2-3 days after delivery and at 4 weeks after discharge-from October, 1998 to January, 1999 by investigators interviewing with a structured questionnaire. Pharis(1978)'s self confidence scale was used after some modification to measure caring confidence and Cohler's maternal attitude scale to check mother's rearing attitude. Analysis of data was done by using of frequency, %, chi-square-test, Independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The Confidence of the experimental group was significant higher than the control group(t=2.519, p=.016) and the rearing attitude changed more positively(t=5.545, p=.000). 2. In the confidence scale, the statements having a significant change were holding a baby, changing diapers, feeding, and caring umblicus. 3. In the rearing attitude scale, the statements having a significant change were 12 of 20 statements.
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of Q-sorting and to develope a typology of coping to stress in school-age children through the use of Q-methodology.
For the study, Q-statements are selected from the literature and interviews of 30 Children, A total number 153 statement were collected and 31 Q-samples were finally selected.
A P-sample of 76 was selected the elementary school children. Each of respondents were given 31 coping strategies questionnaire and set of 31 statements with cartoon on each of cards and sorted them according to the 9-point scale. The result of the Q-sorting by each subject were coded and analyzed using the QUANAL PC and SPSS PC+program.
As a result of the analysis, There were significant relationship between score each item of questionaire and score of sorted statement. Therefore, school-age children was able to Q-sorting(forced normal distribution).
Also, the four types of coping were named as follows: Type I(n=35): To search for the dynamic behaviors Type II(n=12): To search for the intellectual behaviors Type III(n=22): To search for emotional-spiritual behaviors Type IV(n=7): To search for the self-abuse behaviors.
Thought the study, the implication for teachers, parents and school nurses is that there is needed to guide and to support adaptive coping behaviors. Also, it is recommended that the application of Q-methodology for study of children's subjective concepts like stress and coping.
The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional practitioner as nurse who will be interested in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for contributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relevance for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what death, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing.
This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st century. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing.
Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial.
This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for postretinal roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is time to convoke and content and standardization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.
This study was designed to compare the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infants and normal neonate for development of the educational program.
The subjects for this study were 37 mothers of LBW and 60 mothers of normal neonate at 3 general hospitals in Seoul and Inchon. The data were collected during the period from July to November, 1996.
The Educational Need for Infant Care was measured by questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data analyzed by descriptive statistics, non-paired t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA using SPSS PC+.
The results were as fellow ; 1) The educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant were higher than the mothers of normal neonate(F=14.50, P=.000).
2) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant and delivery history(nullipara, or multipara.) and caregiver of postpartum(t=-2.08, P=.045 ; F=3.94, P=.0282).
3) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of normal neonate and numbers of children and caregiver of postpartum(F=5.53, P=.0064 ; F=3.22, P=.0480).
4) The educational need by content was signs, symptomes and management of disorders(i.g.cyanosis, seizure, fever, vomiting, etc.) were higher than general care of baby(i.g.
feeding, diaper change etc.) at two groups.
In conclusion, when the nurses teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of delivery history and caregiver of postpartum. Also, its educational contents must be included of signs, symptomes and management of disorders.
The purpose of study was : 1) to analyze the trend of research on the family with chronically ill children in Korea, 2) to suggest direction for future study on the family with chronically ill children, and contributing to the use of intervention in family nursing practice. Research studies on the family with chronically ill children were selected from the Korean Nusre, the Korean Nurses' Academic Society Journal, and from dissertations, which were conducted between 1975 and 1995. The total numbers of the studies were 35. These studies were analyzed for 1)time of publication or presentation, 2)research design, 3)characteristics of subjects, 4) type of chronic disease, 5)main concepts, 6)measurement tool, 7) the sis for a degree or nondegree, 8) result of correlational studies. The findings of the analysis were as follows : 1) The numbers of studies on the family with chronically ill children have increas rapidly the early 1990's. In research design, the numbers of survey research studies were the highest. Especially, the most frequently research design was the correlational survey. There were 19 correlational studies(25.7%) during the early 1990's. 2) The subjects in 16 studies(45.7%) were mother of chronically ill children and, in 8 studies (22.9% ) were their parents. 3) In most types of chronic diseases, there were 14 hematooncologic disease(32.6%) and 14 hadicapped children (32.6% ). 4) Frequently used research concepts were stress, degree of coping or way of coping, social support, parents' support, family functioning, intensity of family and family adaptation. 5) Acceding to the results of correlational studies, the more family stress was higher the more degree of coping, family functioning, intensity of family and degree of family adaption was lower. The more degree of social support was higher the more stress was lower and degree of coping, family functioning and intensity of family was higher. The more family functioning was higher the more intensity of family and family adaptation was higher. 6) 24 researches on the family with chronically ill children were done for a thesis for a degree and 11 were nondegree research studies. The following suggestions are made based on the above findings : 1) The pattern of these studies related to the family with chronically ill children in domain of Nursing need to be compared with trend in other domains. 2) More replicated research on the family with chronically ill children is needed to develop family nursing intervention and prove the effect of that and more qualitative research on the family with chronically ill children is needed to comprehensive indepth the family with chronically ill children. 3) Further research on the family with chronically ill children is needed to verify subjects and type of chronic disease, develop applicable measurement tools in Korea and identify relation between other concepts. 4) Family nursing researchers should make an effort to apply research result in various clinical settings and community settings, and try to carry out not only team research with clinical nurse but also other multidisciplinary researcher related to the family.
Although nursing researchers have performed studies on parent-child relationship actively since early 1980s in Korea, nothing hasn't been tried on the analysis of the contents of researches. We researchers tried examining the trend of researches by investigating treaties on mother-child relationship conducted from 1981 to 1994. The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of research on the mother-child relationship and to suggest direction for future study. The total numbers of the studies were 27 cases, These studies were analyzed for 1) time of publication 2) research design 3)main concept 4)thesis for a degree or nondegree 5) measurement tool The finding of the analysis were as follows. 1) In the chronological situation, the research on mother-child relationship began to perform in 1981 in the country and had been made most for five years to 1986 with 14 treaties and has decreased since 1990. 2) In the research plan, there are 21 survey(the most) ,5 quasi experimental(before 1986), 1 qualitative. 3) In the subject, the researches on mother-child are the most, 22 and of them 17 treaties on normal infant,4 comparative research on high risk infant and normal infant,5 treaties on mother, 4) The conception of mother-child relationship was used as various conceptions such as affection, union, bonding in early research of 1980s, but it hasn't been used as union bonding but studied mostly as the conception of 'mother-child interaction'since 1986. 5) The measurement tool of research was used variously, the Cropley's tool was used in early 1980s, but Walker's MIPS, Barnard's NCAST were used mostly in 1990. 6) Mother-child interaction influence on mother's self-conception, stress, care and feeding of child, frequency of delivery, planned pregnancy and delivery and health condition of child, birth weight, fetal period, period of mother-child life. Aspects of mother-child interaction composed on visual contact, looking at each other, skinship and caress with finger and fingertip. The leading action of mother-child interaction was mostly uttering action. 7) I suggest that the program for professional education is necessary for the establishment of the aspects of mother-child interaction.
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