Purpose This study aimed to identify the relationships among nurse–parent partnership, social support, uncertainty, and parental efficacy among mothers of children hospitalized in pediatric wards.
Methods This descriptive survey study included 149 mothers of children hospitalized in pediatric wards at 5 hospitals in the Chungcheong region from August 12 to September 17, 2025. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis.
Results Parental efficacy was positively correlated with social support (r=.35, p<.001) and negatively correlated with uncertainty (r=–.36, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that uncertainty (β=–.26, p=.001) and social support (β=.24, p=.003) were significantly associated with parental efficacy and explained 21.0% of the variance.
Conclusion Uncertainty and social support were key factors associated with parental efficacy among mothers of children hospitalized in pediatric wards. Nursing interventions to enhance parental efficacy should therefore focus on reducing maternal uncertainty by providing specific, repeated information and fostering a supportive nursing environment that helps mothers recognize and use available social support.
Purpose This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children and provide basic data for the development of nursing care quality improvement programs.
Methods The participants consisted of 167 mothers, each of whom had a child hospitalized at a specific children's hospital. Data were collected from June 22 to August 8, 2019.
Results The factors that affected how mothers perceived the quality of nursing care were the communication ability of nurses (β=.44, p<.001) and the mother-nurse partnership (β=.33, p=.001). The total explanatory power of these factors was 54.1%.
Conclusion To improve the quality of pediatric nursing care, it is necessary to improve the communication abilities of nurses and to promote partnership between nurses and the mothers of hospitalized children.
Citations
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Purpose The aim of this study was to test whether maternal uncertainty and the general characteristics of mothers and children influenced maternal coping.
Methods In this cross-sectional study, 190 mothers whose children had been admitted to the pediatric ward of a general hospital completed self-report questionnaires during their children’s hospitalization. The questionnaires assessed the general characteristics of the mothers and children, maternal uncertainty, and maternal coping. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research model.
Results In the multivariable model, help from one’s spouse (t=3.10, p=.002), religion (t=2.68, p=.008), overall ambiguity (t=2.64, p=.009), and family income (t=2.33, p=.021) were associated with higher coping scores.
Conclusion This research model presents possible guidelines for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive and accurate information on children's illnesses and treatments for mothers of children hospitalized in general hospitals. In particular, nurses should pay more attention to mothers who are not receiving help from their spouses, are not religious, and have a low family income.
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The effects of nurses’ communication styles, nurse-mother partnerships, and mothers’ anxiety on coping of hospitalized children’s mothers Yonghee Kim, Areum Choi, Insun Jang The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2023; 29(2): 170. CrossRef
The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of uncertainty and anxiety in families of hospitalized children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include parent's perception of uncertainty and state anxiety. The subjects consisted of 126 families of hospitalized children in one university-affiliated hospital in Daegu. The data were analyzed by the SPSS program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean score of uncertainty was 64.70 (Range=31-95).
The mean scores of subsets of the uncertainty were followed as: lack of clarity (2.59), unpredictability (2.46), lack of information (2.22) and ambiguity (2.14). 2. The mean score of state anxiety was 47.93 (Range=20-67). 3.The level of uncertainty was positively correlated to the level of state anxiety.
4. The level of anxiety was different depending on their religion and monthly income. The above findings indicated that the level of uncertainty and the state anxiety in families of hospitalized children were positively correlated. Therefore, nursing intervention for reducing uncertainty and anxiety and improving coping method should be provided for families of hospitalized children.
The purposes of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness, to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, social support & powerlessness and then to find the predictors of powerlessness in mother's of handicapped children. The subjects of this study consist of 102 mothers of handicapped children, registered at rehabilitation & handicapped children school. Data was collected from September 1998 to March 1999. The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale (28 item, 4 likert scale), Miller's Powerlessness measurement Scale(28 item, 4 likert scale) & Cohen's Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(40 items, 4 liken scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan comparison, Pearson Correlation coefficient & Stepwise multiple regression Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Mothers perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.50). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as lack of clarity(2.69), unpredictability(2.56), ambiguity(2.56) & lack of information(2.46). The degree of perceived uncertainty of the mothers of handicapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, admission experience, disability types of children. 2. The degree of mothers' powerlessness was measured to be slightly high(Mn 2.14). The degree of perceived powerlessness of the mothers with handcapped children revealed to be influenced significantly by age of children, duration of illness admission experience, & marital status of the mothers. 3.
Mothers perceived their social support to be slightly high(Mn 2.71). The degree of perceived social support revealed to be influenced significantly by sex of children, married state of mothers. 4. Mothers' uncertainty was related positively to the mothers' powerlessness(r=.33, p=.0008). And also mothers' powerlessness was related inversely to social support(r=-.50, p=.0001). But, mothers' uncertainty was not related to social support significantly.
5. To analyze the variables which affect powerlessness, stepwise regression was implemented. As a result, about 61% of the powerlessness were explained by social support, marital status of the mothers and perceived uncertainty.
Based upon these results, it is recommended that the nurses, who are caring handicapped children and their families, provide various support programs for them to overcome their difficulties. Also programs which decrease the uncertainty & powerlessness used social support multidimensionally & individually are recommended to be developed.
Improvements in therapy have resulted in increasing numbers of children being successfully treated for cancer. However the aggressiveness of therapy & uncertainty about prognosis are associated with many adverse effects, psychological as well as physical for both the child & family.
The purpose of this study were to measure the degree of perceived uncertainty, self-efficacy & coping, and then to examine the relationship between the perceived uncertainty, self-efficacy & coping in parents of children cancer patients.
The subjects of this study consist of 140 parents with pediatric cancer, registered at pediatric cancer ward & Out Patient Department. Data was collected from July 1st to August 15th 1998.
The tools used in this study were Mishel's the Parents' Perception of Uncertainty Scale(28item, 4 likert scale), Shere's Self-Efficacy Scale)17item, 5 likert scale) & Folkman & Lazarus Ways of Coping Checklist)34 items, 4 likert scale). Data was analyzed by t-test, Anova, Pearson Correlation co-efficient. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Parents perceived their uncertainty to be slightly high(Mn 2.41). The degree of perceived uncertainty by the four components were followed as : lack of clarity(2.60), unpredictability(2.59), ambiguity(2.51) & lack of information(1.90). The degree of perceived uncertainty of parents with pediatric cancer revealed to be influenced significantly by the family outcome, reliability about health care provider & perceived severity of illness.
2. The range of parents' self-efficacy was measured from 35 to 85 point, so revealed slightly high. The degree of self-efficacy related to be influenced significantly by the sequency of child birth, family religion & degree of perceived support.
3. The degree of parents' coping was measured slightly high(Mn 2.78). The degree of coping related to be influenced significantly by the sequency of child birth, number of sible & degree of perceived support.
4. parents' uncertainty was related inversely to the parents' self-efficacy(r=-.38, p<.001) & coping(r=-.26, p<.001). And also parents' self-efficacy was positively related to coping(r=.56, p<.001).
From the above results, it can be concluded that predicting & controlling parents' uncertainty with children cancer are necessary to improve positive coping strategies. This information may be used as a foundation for developing nursing interventions to decrease perceived uncertainty & to foster self-efficacy & coping for parents with children cancer.
The purpose of this study was to build a substantive theory about the experience of the maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. The qualitative research method used was grounded theory. The interviewees were 12 mothers who have cared for a child who had chronic illness. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with audiotape recording done by the investigator over a period of nine months.
The data were analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method in which new data were continuously coded into categories and properties according to Strauss and Corbin's methodology.
The 34 concepts were identified as a result of analyzing the grounded data. Ten categories were lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity, negative change, anxiety, devotion, normalization and burn-out.
Causal conditions included : lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity and change ; central phenomena : anxiety, being perplexed ; context : seriousness of illness, support ; intervening condition : belief ; action/interaction strategies : devotion, overprotection ; consequences : normalization, burn-out. These categories were synthesized into the core concept-anxiety.
The process of experiencing uncertainty was 1) Entering the world of uncertainty, 2) Struggling in the tunnel of uncertainty, 3) Reconstruction of the situation of uncertainty.
Four hypotheses were derived from the analysis : (1) The higher the lack of clarity, unpredictability, unfamiliarity, change, the higher the level of uncertainty (2) The more serious the illness and the less the support, the higher the level of uncertainty.
(3) The positive believes will influence the devoted care and normalization of the family life.
Through this substantive theory, pediatric nurses can understand the process of experiencing maternal uncertainty in childhood chronic illness. Further research to build substantive theories to explain other uncertainties may contribute to a formal theory of how normalization is achieved in the family with chronically ill child.
, Mi-Young Choi
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