Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population.
Methods
Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0).
Results
Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77~0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75~0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71~0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75~0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74~0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior.
Conclusion
For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.

Citations

• A cluster randomized trial comparing photoaging app and school based educational intervention for tobacco use prevention in adolescents
  Tamadhir Al-Mahrouqi, Fida Al-Ghailani, Maryam Al-Maqbali, Maather Al Saidi, Gowda Parameshwara Prashanth
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Latent Structure of Past 12-Month Tobacco Use in Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health: Examining for Differential Substructure by Generational Status
  James S. Clifford, Ronaldo T. Williams, Caitlyn Hall, Fernanda Moya Quezada, Courtney T. Blondino
  Substance Use & Misuse.2025; 60(8): 1173.     CrossRef
• Co-design of the ‘OurFutures Vaping’ programme: a school-based eHealth intervention to prevent e-cigarette use
  Lauren A Gardner, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Emily Stockings, Lyra Egan, Annabelle Hawkins, Kathleen Blackburn, Maree Teesson, Katrina E Champion, Nicola C Newton
  Health Promotion International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Tobacco smoking, second‐hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic‐like experiences in adolescents
  Dongfang Wang, Zijuan Ma, Yunge Fan, Huilin Chen, Meng Sun, Fang Fan
  Early Intervention in Psychiatry.2024; 18(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Adolescent’s explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes
  Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W. Stacy
  The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.2024; 50(3): 401.     CrossRef
• Tobacco cessation, anti-tobacco education, and smoke-free schools: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey
  Willie Rajvong, Yelena Tarasenko, Angela Ciobanu
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2024; 10(November): 1.     CrossRef
• Determinants of ever smoking and active smoking among school-aged children in Jeddah
  Ahlam Mazi
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2023; 18(5): 1124.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Factors Influencing Smoking in Multicultural Youths in Korea
  Jin-Hee Park, Mi-Jin Kim, Hee-Joo Lee
  Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1437.     CrossRef
• Comparisons between young adult waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers’ reactions to pictorial health warning labels in Lebanon: a randomized crossover experimental study
  R Jebai, T Asfar, R Nakkash, S Chehab, M Schmidt, W Wu, Z Bursac, W Maziak
  Health Education Research.2023; 38(6): 537.     CrossRef
• Prevention of tobacco use in an adolescent population through a multi-personal intervention model
  Francisco Carrión-Valero, Joan Antoni Ribera-Osca, Jose M Martin-Moreno, Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2023; 9(December): 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study analyzes the effects of smoking behaviors of women of reproductive ages in terms of maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period in Korea.
Methods
We used the National Health Insurance Corporation's medical panel data. Subjects included 382 individuals suffering from maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period from 2013 to 2014. A t-test was used to analyze the individual differences between maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period-A hierarchical regression analysis was performed in two steps to measure the effects of smoking behaviors on diseases.
Results
The amount and duration of smoking are significant factors causing maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. In the regression analysis, the explanatory power of model was significantly increased by adding smoking behavior to the maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. Smoking behavior during pregnancy displayed a significant influence on diseases.
Conclusion
Results of this study showed that the effects of smoking behavior on maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period were significant. Therefore it is necessary to develop a smoking cessation education program for pregnant women in Korea.

Citations

• The Effect of Smoking on Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing in Female
  Sri Tjahajawati, Anggun Rafisa, Endah Ayu Lestari, Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
  International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef

In order to provide a desirable direction for the health education on preventing smoking of elementary school students, by understanding the views held by elementary school teachers on smoking prevention education, 529 teachers at elementary schools located in Seoul were responded by constructed questionnaires during the period of Nov. 15 to Dec. 18 1999. The results of the survey analysis were as follows: 1. 91.9% of the respondents said that schools should offer education programs on preventing smoking, and this view was more strongly shared by teachers with religions than non-religious ones. 2.37.6% of teachers responded that the education should start with 4th-5th graders, while 36.0% opted for 6th grades. With regard to the appropriate class in providing such education, 41.1% selected physical education (PE), followed by extracurricular activity class with 28.8%, 45.1% of the respondents said discussion would be the most effective education method, while 39.9% recommended using experiments. fall in diseases and growth and developmental defect were pointed out as the most interesting topic for students by 33.2% and 28.1% of the surveyed, respectively. As for the most effective media for education, 57.2% recommended video, followed by computer games(19.2%) and cartoons (20.0%). 64.1% of the teachers picked school nurses as the most appropriate person in carrying out the education. The results of the finding show that it would be most desirable to provide health education on preventing smoking to senior elementary schoolers during the PE or extracurricular activity class by school nurses. The program would be structured to first show video clips on growth and developmental defect or fall in diseases resulting from smoking and to have discussions or experiments on related matters.