Purpose To describe the process of systematically developing an integrated health promotion program for school-age children from vulnerable families.
Methods In this study, we applied the first three steps—analysis, design, and development (ADD)—of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The analysis step involved a literature review and needs assessment. In the design step, program components were considered and a program draft was developed. The program content was modified based on expert validation in the development step. The preliminary program was administered in the implementation step, and the final program was confirmed in the evaluation step.
Results The program contents were based on the literature review, needs assessment, and Ryan’s integrated theory of health behavior change. The content was valid, and the educational material was appropriate for school-age children from vulnerable families. The finalized program consists of six sessions to promote physical, psychological, and social health using individual/group and face-to-face/online methods, including two that involve both parents and children.
Conclusion This study presents a detailed description of how the program was developed and illustrates the critical elements that should be considered during similar program development. The effect of this program on health promotion behavior should be examined in future research.
Purpose This study aimed to validate the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile as an instrument for screening healthy behaviors in school-aged children in South Korea.
Methods Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 454 students, comprising elementary-school students (n=221) and child cancer survivors (n=233). Reliability and validity were assessed using Cronbach's ⍺, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Results Cronbach's ⍺, as a reliability test, was 0.87. Varimax rotation yielded nine factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 in the EFA, which explained 61.0% of the total variance. In the CFA, both convergent and discriminant validities were acceptable. Therefore, the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile was validated as an assessment tool for Korean school-aged children.
Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the Child Healthy Lifestyle Profile was identified as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing healthy lifestyles in elementary-school children in South Korea.
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Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory.
Methods From July 19 to August 31, 2017, 460 questionnaires were distributed to fifth and sixth graders at three elementary schools in Korea, of which 318 were ultimately analyzed.
Results All the fit indices were shown to be appropriate, indicating satisfactory fit. In the final model, six of the nine paths included in the hypothetical model were supported. Specifically, perceived behavioral control had the most influence on intention, followed by subjective norms, self-esteem, and health knowledge. Intentions were the most influential factor for health-promoting behaviors, followed by self-esteem and health knowledge. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-esteem explained 57.6% of intention to engage in health promotion behaviors and 61.7% of variation in health promotion behaviors was explained by health knowledge, self-esteem and intention.
Conclusion The findings of this study provide support for a model that can be used to facilitate the practice of health promotion activities in children in the later years of school age.
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Purpose Children in migrant villages in Kyrgyzstan have a high incidence of anemia and need effective health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a pilot study of a health promotion project for infants and toddlers based on community participation.
Methods This was a retrospective study conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the project. The project was carried out by nurses at a public health center, community health workers, and local residents in a migrant village. After the operational system of the project was established, health assessments, child-care education, provision of vouchers for iron supplements, and activities to improve residents' awareness were conducted during 6 months among 100 children, of whom 85 were finally analyzed.
Results In international health projects, close cooperation of the project team with community residents and health workers is important. Access to the community-based program was feasible in the socially and economically poor migrant village, and improvements were shown in children's anemia and awareness of health care.
Conclusion By focusing on the effective aspects of this preliminary project, plans to utilize community health workers and promotion strategies can be added to the main project to improve health promotion among children in this area.
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Purpose This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students.
Methods A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach’s α, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
Results There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (β=.38, p<.001), health knowledge (β=.26, p<.001), perceived health status - good (β=.15, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance.
Conclusion Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of child-care efficacy, job efficacy, and health promoting lifestyle on the job satisfaction of in-home child care helpers who are called Idolbomi.
Methods Participants for this survey were 153 in-home child care helpers who worked in Seoul. Data were collected from May 23 to October 17, 2014 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM/SPSS 18.0 program.
Results There were significantly positive correlations between child-care efficacy, job efficacy, health promoting lifestyle, and job satisfaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of job satisfaction were spiritual growth, education level, job efficacy, effect of income.
Conclusion Therefore, we need to develop strategies to enhance the job efficacy and health promoting lifestyle of in-home child care helpers to improve their job satisfaction.
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PURPOSE This study was done to examine the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers as perceived by mothers of children in early childhood, and graduate students in nursing and to provide information for health promotion in early childhood. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 91 mothers of children in early childhood, and 115 graduate students in nursing. RESULTS The comparisons showed that graduate students in nursing reported higher perception of the importance health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers than did the mothers. In health promotion behavior, the highest score was in the category of safety. CONCLUSION Providing information by nurses is necessary to promote health promotion behavior for mothers of children in early childhood. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to develop effective programs for these mothers who want to promote good health promotion behavior in their children.
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PURPOSE The purpose of study was to identify the influence of parenting efficacy on health promotion behavior during early childhood and to provide baseline data for developing health promotion programs. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 202 parents of children in early childhood selected by convenience sampling. From October 1 to October 8, 2008 data were collected using structured and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS The mean score for parenting efficacy for these parents was 3.54, and health promotion behavior had a mean score of 3.21. The health promotion behavior was statistically different according to the child's health status, fathers' smoking habits, and mothers' eating habits.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior in obese elementary school children. METHODS The participants for this study were 280 students from seven elementary schools, located in Chonbuk Province.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the Health Promotion Life Profile of normal-weight and obese children, and factors related to obesity in elementary school children, and provide basic data for the development an obesity management program for these children. METHOD The survey participants were 878 fourth to sixth grade elementary school children in Gwangju.
chi-square-test, t-test, ANOVA and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS program were used to analyze the collected data. RESULTS The Health Promotion Life Profile showed significant differences between normal-weight and obese groups according to food habits (t=3.305, p= .001) and exercise habits (t=-4.065, p=< .001). The Health Promotion Life Profile of obese children was also significantly different according to interest in weight control (F=3.044, p= .050), regular breakfast (F=3.699, p= .014), regular meals (F=6.868, p= .002). The multiple logistic regression analysis, showed that factors in obesity were significantly different according to gender, interest in weight control, fast eating, overeating and predilection for some food. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that items on Health Promotion Life Profile such as food habits and exercise habits should be included in education programs to prevent obesity in elementary school children.
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PURPOSE To develop an Infant Developmental Assesment Scale appropriate for Korean infants that includes cultural context. METHOD The total sample included 990 infants aged birth to 24months. The developmental tests were conducted at hospital well baby clinic, daycare centers, public health centers and homes located in city, urban and rural areas. Item analysis was done to examine content validity of the scale. Test responses were analyzed by SPSS to examine the inter-rater reliability, and construct validity. RESULTS Based on the naturalistic observation and analysis of other developmental instruments, 260 Korean infant developmental items were created. The mean score of the developmental quotient of 966 infants was 101.63+/-10.89.
Correlation coefficient of inter-rater reliability was .99.
In addition, 84.6% of total items showed Kappa .70 and above. The development quotient was significantly different depending upon the residential area and father's occupation, therefore, construct validity using known group technique was supported. CONCLUSION The developed instrument can be used to assess the development of handicapped infants, as well as normal infant's general abilities and to study individual differences within the normal range for Korean.
PURPOSE The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify predictors of behavior that promotes health in middle school students. METHOD The participants for this study were 361 students from one middle school, located in Gangwon province. The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The highest score for behavior promoting health was refraining illegal substances abuse. There was a significant positive correlation between behavior promoting health and optimism. There was a significant reverse correlation between behavior promoting health and pessimism, and also between optimism and pessimism. The predictors of behavior promoting health in middle school students were optimism, school life, pessimism, school record, grade, and smoking.
These factors explained 25.7% of the total variance and the most powerful predictor was optimism (15.5%). CONCLUSION The findings from this study, indicate a need to develop a nursing intervention programs to promote health behavior in middle school students including the promotion of optimism.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an education program on health promotion behavior for students with hearing impairments. METHOD For this study a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The three components of the study were: 1) the recognition of the importance of health promotion behavior, 2) formation of supportive networks, and 3) practice of health promotion behavior. The study population consisted of 38 students with hearing impairments (experimental group [19], control group [19]).
The program was provided to students in the experimental group for 50-120 minutes, once a week for 3 weeks.
Descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Perceived social support and health promotion behavior, but not self efficacy, were significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION The result of this study indicate that this education program for health promotion behavior was effective for promoting perceived social support and health promotion behavior in students with hearing impairments, but further continuous research is needed to identify effective interventions to promote health behavior in students with hearing impairments and to allow for generalization of the results of this study.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develope a tool to assess mothers' behavior related to health promotion if their preschool children had disabillties. METHOD The research design was a methodological study. This tool was developed in 4 stages: first, a content matrix as a conceptual framework was developed using Gordon's 11 functional health promotion patterns and 5 categories (Lee, Jung & An, 1996); second, 40 preliminary items were selected through references and interviews with 9 mothers of children with disabilities; third, 2 items were discarded after content validity was done by 3 experts; fourth, reliability and validity were tested with a sample of 243 mothers of children with disabilities who were of preschool age. RESULTS The final tool consisted of 19 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .82. Five factors were extracted by factor analysis and they explained 55.58% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS This tool was identified to have a high degree of reliability and validity. So it can be utilized to assess mothers' behavior in providing health promotion for their children who have disabilities.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a health promotion behavior program for elementary school students by investigating their level of health promotion behavior practice. METHOD data were collected from 1276 1-6th grade elementary school students (11 elementary schools) using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS 1) The mean score for health promotion behavior practice was above the mid point at 3.10(+/-.43) 2) There were significant differences in health promotion behavior practices according to student's grade(t=4.447, p=.000), gender(t=-3.044, p=.002), age(t=4.402, p=.000), father's education level(t=4.365, p=.000), mother's education level(t=-4.672, p=.000), and perceived health status (F=19.124, p=.000). 3) There were significant correlations between health promotion behavior practice and the sub-areas of health promotion behavior practice. CONCLUSION Systematic health education is necessary for elementary school students and their parents.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess degree of health promotion behavior for infants & toddlers. METHOD The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire that was given to 20 mothers of infants & toddlers second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a test with a sample of 262 families. RESULTS The final tool to measure the health promotion behavior consisted of 35 items and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .884. Using factor analysis, a 7 factor solution explained 45.6% of the total variance. CONCLUSION This tool can be effectively utilized for child health care.
, Eun Kyoung Choi
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