Purpose
This research was conducted to explore the experience of mothers in raising stunted toddlers aged between 6–59 months. It also examined the perceptions of parenting styles shaped by socio-cultural contexts and time constraints affecting the nutritional status as well as growth in Bejiharjo Village, Java, Indonesia.
Methods
A qualitative method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews, diary recording, and focus group discussions with mothers of toddlers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals. Transcript data from recorded interviews were processed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The results showed that there were four emergent themes, namely “Toddler parenting patterns,” “Family and environmental health,” “Eating patterns and consumption habits of toddlers,” as well as “Literacy and understanding of parenting and child health.” Furthermore, eight related theme clusters were yielded from the analysis of parenting experiences. Differences between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in parenting patterns and daily activities were recorded. Interactions between toddlers and mothers as well as productive activities had a shorter average duration.
Conclusion
Mothers experience various challenges and limitations in raising toddlers with the risk of stunting. Therefore, increasing understanding and knowledge about the importance of healthy parenting and good nutrition are necessary to prevent stunting.

Citations

• Maternal Attitudes Toward Stunting: A Study During Pregnancy and Early Childhood Periods
  Ramadanti Putri Mahanani, Maria Goretti Adiyanti, Wahyuni Kristinawati
  Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with the Incidence of Stunting in Early Childhood Children in the Working Area of Buhit Community Health Centre, Pangururan District, Samosir Regency, 2024
  Arni Wetty Sinurat , Kesaktian Manurung , Rinawati Sembiring, Kintoko Rochadi, Janno Sinaga
  Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.2025; : 1970.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the effects of an educational program for fathers on improving father-infant interactions, child-rearing knowledge, and attachment.
Methods
In this quasi-experimental study, the participants were recruited by convenience sampling among fathers with infants (2-6 months of age) residing in three districts of Seoul. Fifteen participants in the experimental group and 17 participants in the control group completed the follow-up investigation. A 5-week online and offline intervention program with five sessions was provided to the experimental group. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).
Results
There was a significant difference in the change in father-infant interaction scores of the experimental group, especially in the caregiver aspect with a significance level of .100 in time and group-to-group interactions (B=6.46, p=.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.02-12.94). The changes between the groups and times were not statistically significant when it came to infant development knowledge and father-infant attachment.
Conclusion
We conclude that hybrid online and offline education should be implemented as an effective method to improve fathers’ interactions with their children based on accurate knowledge about infant development.

Citations

• A Mobile Health App (mHealth)-Based Post-NICU Discharge Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants
  Han Na Lee, So Jin Lee, Yun Kyeong Lee, Haeryun Cho
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Universal Digital Programs for Promoting Mental and Relational Health for Parents of Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
  Jessica E. Opie, Timothy B. Esler, Elizabeth M. Clancy, Bradley Wright, Felicity Painter, An Vuong, Anna T. Booth, Louise Newman, Ange Johns-Hayden, Mohajer Hameed, Leesa Hooker, Craig Olsson, Jennifer E. McIntosh
  Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review.2024; 27(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Digital Parenting Interventions for Fathers of Infants From Conception to the Age of 12 Months: Systematic Review of Mixed Methods Studies
  Elisabeth Bailin Xie, James Wonkyu Jung, Jasleen Kaur, Karen M Benzies, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen, Elizabeth Keys
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2023; 25: e43219.     CrossRef
• Investigating the Effect of Implementing a Web-Based Educational Program on Fathers’ Involvement in Infant Care 0 to 6 Months
  Maryam Bagheri, Elahe Salari, Raziye Malaijerdi, Sakineh Nazari
  Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research.2023; 28(2): 174.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile application focusing on developmental support care for infants born prematurely.
Methods
An application was developed using the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model. In the analysis phase, previous research was evaluated through big data text-mining and a literature review. In the design phase, the preliminary content of the application was designed, and the content validity and comprehension were verified. A hybrid application was developed and used by eight experts and ten users, who evaluated the layout of the mobile application and their satisfaction with it.
Results
The content of the designed application comprised a diary, customized information, developmental play, and community. The mean scores for layout were 3.73±0.47 and 3.43±0.68 out of 4 points among the experts and users, respectively. Users’ mean satisfaction score was 3.70±0.70 out of 5 points.
Conclusion
The information provided by the mobile application was evaluated as consistent and systematic. The application was also found to be satisfactory by infants’ parents. The mobile application developed through this study is expected to be effective in supporting the development of children born prematurely.

Citations

• A Mobile Health App (mHealth)-Based Post-NICU Discharge Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants
  Han Na Lee, So Jin Lee, Yun Kyeong Lee, Haeryun Cho
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perfil da produção científica sobre construção, validação e aplicação de tecnologias em enfermagem: estudo bibliométrico
  Fernando Conceição de Lima, Taís dos Passos Sagica, João Lucas Moraes Souza, Marta Lenise do Prado, Mary Elizabeth de Santana, Ivonete Vieira Pereira Peixoto, Rubenilson Caldas Valois
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Profile of scientific production on nursing technology construction, validity and application: a bibliometric study
  Fernando Conceição de Lima, Taís dos Passos Sagica, João Lucas Moraes Souza, Marta Lenise do Prado, Mary Elizabeth de Santana, Ivonete Vieira Pereira Peixoto, Rubenilson Caldas Valois
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a Mobile App (KhunLook) Versus the Maternal and Child Health Handbook on Thai Parents’ Health Literacy, Accuracy of Health Assessments, and Convenience of Use: Randomized Controlled Trial
  Rosawan Areemit, Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul, Sumitr Sutra, Pagakrong Lumbiganon, Phenphitcha Pornprasitsakul, Pongsatorn Paopongsawan, Kunwadee Sripanidkulchai
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2023; 25: e43196.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ Roles in mHealth App Development: Scoping Review
  Caitlin J Bakker, Tami H Wyatt, Melissa CS Breth, Grace Gao, Lisa M Janeway, Mikyoung A Lee, Christie L Martin, Victoria L Tiase
  JMIR Nursing.2023; 6: e46058.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the gaps in research related to developmentally supportive care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The ultimate goal was to explore directions of further research on developmentally supportive care for premature patients.
Methods
The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review method was used. Articles on developmentally supportive care for preterm infants in the NICU, written in English or Korean, were identified through electronic search engines. A total of 279 papers were identified in the initial search, of which 22 full-text papers were included in this review.
Results
Several nursing studies have been published in the past 5 years. The important elements of developmentally supportive care were family-centered care and management of the NICU environment. The primary developmentally supportive care interventions were training programs to promote the care competency of NICU nurses.
Conclusion
It is necessary to actively develop comprehensive developmental support interventions that consider the various elements of developmentally supportive care for preterm infants. Additional studies should be done to develop programs that provide direct intervention for premature infant and their families.

Citations

• Innovation in nursing led maternal and infant care: emerging trends and impact in Indian clinical setting
  Riya Patel Shukal, Kavita V. Matere, Phanindrareddy Badduri, Mohammed Umar, Pooja Bakshi, Selvi R., Yamunadevi Shanmugam, Dana Baby, Regina P. F., Anne Roslin, Suhashini
  International Journal of Reproduction, Contracepti.2026; 15(2): 695.     CrossRef
• Health Workers' Knowledge and Practice of Developmentally Supportive Care for Premature Infants in Four Ugandan Neonatal Units: A Cross‐Sectional Study
  Zelee Hill, Victoria Nakibuuka, Robert Serunjogi, Robert Ssekitoleko, Ritah Nasiima, Sanyu Nalunga‐Atuhe, James Nyonyintono, Albert Kamugisha
  Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceived self-competence of individualized developmentally supportive care in Jordanian NICUs
  Jumana A. Abuhammor, Hala M. Obeidat, Hanan D. Al Obieat, Eman M. Harb, Nadin M. Abdel Razeq, Raed Shudifat, Ahmad Al-Duhoun
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2026; 32(3): 101822.     CrossRef
• Content Validity for the NICU Caregiver Behavior Checklist
  Amy Carroll, Cecilia Roan, Catherine Verrier Piersol, Michele Kacmarcik Savin
  Nursing for Women's Health.2025; 29(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Assessing Developmentally Supportive Care in Neonatal Nursing in China
  Qian Sun, Jing Wang, Jiuqiao Xu, Longyan Wu
  AJN, American Journal of Nursing.2025; 125(7): e1.     CrossRef
• Developmental supportive care in preterm and low birth weight neonates
  Rinki H. Shah, Ridhdhi D. Dangar
  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics.2025; 12(8): 1372.     CrossRef
• Comprehensive Overview of Preterm Developmental Supportive Care: Narrative Review
  Hasan Saud Abdul Hussein, Adraa Hussein Shawq
  International Journal of Child Health and Nutritio.2025; 14(4): 408.     CrossRef
• Rectal Stimulation in Premature and Full-Term Newborns: A Narrative Review
  Silvia Rossi, Simona Calza, Chiara De Rosa, Giulia Ottonello, Nicoletta Dasso, Roberta Da Rin Della Mora, Ilaria Artuso, Giuseppe Minniti Caracciolo, Simona Serveli, Silvia Scelsi
  Children.2025; 12(12): 1656.     CrossRef
• Application and effect of developmental supportive care on growth and neurobehavioral development in preterm infants
  Xiaoqing Niu, Ling Li, Yachao Jing
  Frontiers in Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Competency based performance of mothers on preterm neonatal care through Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care (NIDC) interventions: An interventional pilot project
  Sandra Jyothi Saldanha, Veena Gretta Tauro
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(2): 130.     CrossRef
• Maternal Participation in Sensory Care of Preemies: A Pilot Study Examining the Effect on Neonatal Outcome in NICU
  Renilda Shanthi Lobo, Theresa Leonilda Mendonca
  Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU.2024; 14(02): 202.     CrossRef
• Effects of white noise on preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
  Qing Zhang, Qiugui Huo, Peizhen Chen, Wenying Yao, Zhihong Ni
  Nursing Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring Effect of Postdischarge Developmental Support Program on Preterm Infant Neurodevelopment and BDNF Gene DNA Methylation
  Jun Zhang, Mi Cao, Shaoting Yue, Jingmin Yan, Yanyan Shang
  Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(2): E50.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
  Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
  Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944.     CrossRef
• Knowledge and perception on developmentally supportive care for preterm babies among staff nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit of Tertiary Care Center in South India
  Lavanya Subhashini, V Saritha, Monappa
  BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences.2023; 8(1): 69.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the effects of a breastfeeding coaching program for mothers on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants (LPIs).
Methods
This was a quasi-experimental study (non-randomized intervention) with a time-series design. The study was conducted among 40 LPIs who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea. In the order of admission, the first 21 infants were assigned to the experimental group, and 19 were assigned to the control group. The intervention program consisted of home- based and web-based practical breastfeeding support education for mothers across a total of 5 sessions. Infant growth was measured using body weight, length, and head circumference, and neonatal jaundice was assessed using transcutaneous bilirubin levels.
Results
The likelihood of breastfeeding for infants in the experimental group at 4 weeks after discharge was the same as on the day of discharge, whereas it steadily decreased in the control group. There were significant differences in head circumference between the groups. However, weight, length, and transcutaneous bilirubin levels did not show a significant group-time interaction.
Conclusion
A formal breastfeeding coaching program should be considered in clinical settings and at home within the first few weeks postpartum.

Citations

• Interventions to support parents, families and caregivers in caring for preterm or low birth weight infants at home: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Amie Wilson, Carol Bedwell, Valentina Actis Danna, Natalie Tate, Kerry Dwan, Anayda Portela, Tina Lavender, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
  PLOS Global Public Health.2026; 6(2): e0005690.     CrossRef
• Mother’s Own Milk Provision During the First 12 Weeks of Life by Gestational Age
  Aloka L. Patel, Joshua Wilson, Melissa Holmes, Tricia J. Johnson
  JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(3): e250024.     CrossRef
• Changes in anthropometry in full‐term breastfed newborns and associated factors for the first month
  Beril Aydın, Siddika Songül Yalçin
  American Journal of Human Biology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Outcomes in Late Preterm and Early Term Infants
  Sarah Dib, Kulnipa Kittisakmontri, Jonathan C. Wells, Mary Fewtrell
  Breastfeeding Medicine.2022; 17(10): 781.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify small for gestational age (SGA) infants' growth patterns, nutritional status, and associated factors.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted at primary-care child health clinics in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The sample consisted of infants who fulfilled the criteria and were born in 2019. The anthropometric data of infants were assessed at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
Results
A total of 328 infants were analysed. In total, 27.7%(n=91) of the subjects were SGA infants, and 237 of them were not. Significant differences in the median weight-for-age and length-for-age z-scores were observed between SGA and non-SGA infants at birth, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. There was a significant difference between the growth patterns of SGA and non-SGA infants. Birth weight and sex significantly predicted the nutritional status(stunting and underweight) of SGA infants during their first year of life.
Conclusion
SGA infants can catch up to achieve normal growth during their first year of life. Even though the nutritional status of SGA infants trends worse than non-SGA infants, adequate infant birth weight monitoring and an emphasis on nutritional advice are crucial for maintaining well-being.

Citations

• Directed acyclic graph helps to understand the causality of malnutrition in under-5 children born small for gestational age
  Soumya Tiwari, Viswas Chhapola, Nisha Chaudhary, Lokesh Sharma
  Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2025; 177: 111611.     CrossRef
• Exploring the multifactorial predictors of stunting in children under five: A systematic review of the literature, 2015–2024
  Heti Ira Ayue, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Viera Wardhani, Ani Budi Astuti, Heri Prayitno, Agung Dwi Laksono, Tonny Sundjaya
  Journal of Public Health Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
  Via Eliadora Togatorop, Laili Rahayuwati, Raini Diah Susanti, Julianus Yudhistira Tan
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Trajectory Patterns of Weight and Length in Children: From Birth Until 2-Years of Age
  Lais dos Santos, Andressa Cristino de Oliveira, Rafaela Marcondes Silva Lotz, Fernanda Manera, Renata Cordeiro Fernandes, Barbara Moreira Castilho, Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann
  Journal of the American Nutrition Association.2024; 43(8): 686.     CrossRef
• Growth Status of Full-Term Infants with Different Sizes for Gestational Age During the First Year of Life
  Zhuo-Ren Zhou, Yong Guo
  Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics.2024; Volume 15: 265.     CrossRef
• Journal statistics, directions for development, and appreciation for reviewers
  Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 5.     CrossRef

Purpose
Caring for a vulnerable premature baby is a challenging task, but some mothers experience growth through that process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing post-traumatic growth in mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods
A correlational research design was used and 105 mothers of premature infants were recruited from an online community. Data were collected from January 15 to January 25, 2019. Post-traumatic growth was measured using the Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results
The final model developed in this study explained 45.5% of post-traumatic growth (F=13.66, p<.001). Resilience (β=.54, p<.001) was the strongest predictor of post-traumatic growth, followed by the age of the mother when giving birth (β=.17, p=.028) and current employment status (β=.17, p=.049).
Conclusion
For mother with premature infants to grow psychologically after their experience, it may be needed to support them to develop and strengthen their resilience through either education or their own support network.

Citations

• A cross-sectional study on posttraumatic growth and influencing factors among parents of premature infants
  Wang Xingyanan, Lv Yuanhong, Liu Yang, Xiao Zhitian
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Research Progress on Influencing Factors and Intervention of Postpartum Post-Traumatic Growth
  铭浚 文
  Nursing Science.2025; 14(10): 1653.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Relationship dynamics: the protective effect of relationship satisfaction and dependency on parents’ mental health after having a preterm baby
  İlknur Okay, Çiğdem Yavuz Güler
  Health Psychology Report.2021; 9(4): 372.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify factors related to developmental care performance among neonatal intensive care units (NICU) nurses.
Methods
The participants were 139 nurses who had provided care to premature infants for more than 6 months and were recruited from the NICU of 8 hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to December 1, 2017 through questionnaires that encompassed developmental care performance, developmental care perceptions, and the nursing work environment.
Results
More than half (51.8%) of the participants responded that they had never received developmental care education, and for 89.6% of those who had received developmental care education, it was a one-time event. The average developmental care performance of NICU nurses was 0.81, with a range of 0.5~1 point. Multiple regression analysis, demonstrated that the nursing work environment (β=.27, p=.001) and developmental care perceptions (β=.23, p=.004) influenced developmental care performance, with a total explanatory power of 14%.
Conclusion
Based on these results, developmental care education for the NICU nurses must be provided systematically. In addition, strategies to improve nurses' perceptions of developmental care and to provide appropriate support for the nursing work environment can promote developmental care performance.

Citations

• Health Workers' Knowledge and Practice of Developmentally Supportive Care for Premature Infants in Four Ugandan Neonatal Units: A Cross‐Sectional Study
  Zelee Hill, Victoria Nakibuuka, Robert Serunjogi, Robert Ssekitoleko, Ritah Nasiima, Sanyu Nalunga‐Atuhe, James Nyonyintono, Albert Kamugisha
  Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• “Effectiveness of a Multimodal Teaching Program on Nurses” Knowledge Acquisition, Practice, and Perception of Neurodevelopmental Supportive Care in NICU: A Non-randomized Controlled Trial
  Raghu V A, Manju Vatsa, Neeraj Gupta, Latha, Thuileiphy T
  Journal of Neonatology.2025; 39(4): 341.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ perspectives on implementing sleep protection for premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: a qualitative study
  Yujing Gu, Yunfei Tang, Yan Xue, Juan Wu, Jun Xie
  BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Cross‐Sectional Study on Nurse‐Parent Partnership in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units
  Premalatha Paulsamy, Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani, Krishnaraju Venkatesan, Kousalya Prabahar, Manjula Gopinathan Bhagavathy, Mathar Mohideen Nagoor Thangam, Vinoth Prabhu Veeramani, Samya Mohamed Hegazy, Rehab Ahmed, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Haseena T. A., Hala
  International Journal of Clinical Practice.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Korean nurses’ knowledge, opinions and current practice of trauma-informed pediatric nursing care in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Kyung-Sook Bang, Sun Woo Hong, Hwal Lan Bang, Ji-Hye Choe, Sinyoung Choi
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 309.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing neonatal intensive care unit nurses' parent partnership development
  Eun Kyoung Kim, In Young Cho, Ji Yeong Yun, Bobae Park
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 68: e27.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Nicu nurses’ competence enhancement program for developmentally supportive care for preterm infants: A quasi-experimental study
  Han Na Lee, Haeryun Cho
  Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12944.     CrossRef
• Developmentally Supportive Care Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses in South Korea
  Han Na Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Advances in Neonatal Care.2023; 23(3): E60.     CrossRef
• Preterm Infant Care Practice among Nurses in Neonatal Care Units of Selected Hospitals of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Tumla Shrestha, Archana Pandey Bista, Sarala Shrestha, Radhika Regmi, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh
  Nursing Forum.2023; 2023: 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Neonatal Supportive Positioning Training Video Program for Preterm Infants on the Knowledge and Performance of Nurses in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
  Hyun Jin Moon, Kyung Sook Cho, Mi Young An, Dong Woo Son
  Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Analysis of research on developmentally supportive care for prematurity in neonatal intensive care unit: a scoping review
  Hanna Lee, Ji Hyeon Park, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Missed nursing care and its influencing factors among neonatal intensive care unit nurses in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Soohyun Kim, Sun-Mi Chae
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(2): 142.     CrossRef
• Simulation Training Needs of Nurses for Nursing High-Risk Premature Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Sun-Yi Yang
  Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2197.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an education program for mothers of late-preterm infants on parenting confidence, breastfeeding rate, and infants’ growth and readmission rate.
Methods
The participants were 53 mothers of late-preterm infants (26 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group). The experimental group was administered the late-preterm care education program while the control group received standard care. The program consisted of two sessions during hospitalization after birth, one session at the time of discharge, and telephone and social networking service consultations at weekly intervals for the month following discharge. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, x² test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
Parenting confidence and the breastfeeding rate were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the late-preterm infants’ growth and readmission rates between the experimental and control groups.
Conclusion
A care education program for mothers of late-preterm infants can be a useful nursing intervention in clinical practice.

Citations

• ผลของโปรแกรมการพยาบาลแบบระบบสนับสนุนต่อความรู้และพฤติกรรมของมารดาครรภ์แรกในการดูแลทารกคลอดก่อนกำหนดที่บ้าน
  จารุวรรณ สนองญาติ, ขวัญฤทัย ธรรมกิจไพโรจน์, เนติยา แจ่มทิม, ลักขณา ศิรถิรกุล, เมทณี ระดาบุตร
  Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council .2026; 41(02): 316.     CrossRef
• Mother’s Own Milk Provision During the First 12 Weeks of Life by Gestational Age
  Aloka L. Patel, Joshua Wilson, Melissa Holmes, Tricia J. Johnson
  JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(3): e250024.     CrossRef
• The Effect of QR Code Supported Newborn Care Training Given to Mothers With Premature Infant on Self‐Efficacy and Anxiety: A Randomised Controlled Study
  Sinem Yalnızoğlu Çaka, Sümeyra Topal, Sinem Öztürkler, Fatma Tuncer Çelenkoğlu, Ayla Günlemez
  Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Infant Health Promotion Education Program on Knowledge Among First-Time Pregnant Women in a Middle Eastern Country
  Suhaila Halasa, Judie Arulappan, Nadin M Abdel Razeq, Mahmoud Ai-Hussami, Dua’ Al-Maharma, Ommayah Nassar, Manar Nabolsi, Shawqi Saleh, Ibrahim Al Faouri
  Sage Open Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The impact of postpartum in-home and telephone supportive counseling on maternal quality of life: A randomized controlled clinical trial
  Bita Eskandari, Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh, Esmat Mehrabi, Rasoul Heshmati, Reyhaneh Ivanbagha, Zahra Akbarivand
  Health Care for Women International.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #7: Model Maternity Policy Supportive of Breastfeeding
  Maria-Teresa Hernández-Aguilar, Melissa C. Bartick, Paula K. Schreck, Elise M. Chapin
  Breastfeeding Medicine.2025; 20(11): 771.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of late preterm infant readmissions: A systematic review
  Jennifer A. Joyner, Amy E. Papermaster, Jane Dimmitt Champion
  Journal of the American Association of Nurse Pract.2024; 36(6): 329.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Postnatal Maternal or Caregiver Interventions on Outcomes among Infants under Six Months with Growth Faltering: A Systematic Review
  Ritu Rana, Barkha Sirwani, Saranya Mohandas, Richard Kirubakaran, Shuby Puthussery, Natasha Lelijveld, Marko Kerac
  Nutrients.2024; 16(6): 837.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Video-assisted Breast Milk and Breastfeeding Training Given to the Mothers of Hospitalized Newborns on the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Success: A Semi-experimental Study
  Esra TURAL BÜYÜK, Nazlı BALTACI, Şenay ÇOŞĞUN
  Bezmialem Science.2023; 11(4): 417.     CrossRef
• A survey among healthcare professionals from seven countries reported diverse nutritional practices of late preterm infants
  Hon Kit Cheang, Chun‐Yan Yeung, Irene Cheah, Guslihan Dasa Tjipta, Bugis Mardiana Lubis, Raul Garza‐Bulnes, Dagoberto Delgado‐Franco, Adejumoke Idowu Ayede, Chinyere V. Ezeaka, Mamun Al Mohammad Abullah, Adedotun Owolabi, Anne Schaafsma, Urszula Kudla, Le
  Acta Paediatrica.2022; 111(7): 1362.     CrossRef
• Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Outcomes in Late Preterm and Early Term Infants
  Sarah Dib, Kulnipa Kittisakmontri, Jonathan C. Wells, Mary Fewtrell
  Breastfeeding Medicine.2022; 17(10): 781.     CrossRef
• Effects of a breastfeeding coaching program on growth and neonatal jaundice in late preterm infants in South Korea
  Gun Ja Jang, Sangjin Ko
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(4): 377.     CrossRef
• Influence of a Breastfeeding Coaching Program on the Breastfeeding Rates and Neonatal Morbidity in Late Preterm Infants
  Gun Ja Jang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(3): 376.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Breast Milk Feeding in Singleton Late Preterm Infants
  Su Jin Kim, Gun Ja Jang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2020; 45(4): 311.     CrossRef

Purpose
This prospective study aimed to examine the development of premature infants at 12 and 24 months and to explore the factors related to their development.
Methods
Of the 80 premature infants who were recruited, 52 participants at 12 months and 31 participants at 24 months were included in this study. The development of the infants was examined using the Korean Bayley scale of infant development-II. Postnatal depression, husband’s support, social support, mother-infant attachment, and the home environment were assessed using self-report questionnaires completed by the mothers and through the researcher’s observations.
Results
There was significant difference between normal and delay group at psychomotor development at 12 months depending on social support at 6 months (t=2.03, p=.049). Mother-infant attachment at 6 months (r=.71, p<.001), 12 months (r=.37, p=.043), and 24 months (r=.40, p=.026), as well as social support (r=.38, p=.034) and the home environment (r=.41, p=.022) at 24 months, were correlated to mental development at 24 months. There was a significant positive correlation between mother-infant attachment at 6 months and psychomotor development at 24 months (r=.40, p=.046).
Conclusion
To reduce the risk of developmental delay and to promote healthy development in premature infants, early nursing interventions targeting mother-infant attachment, the home environment, and the mother’s social support structure are needed.

Citations

• Early Parenting Interventions to Enhance Development in Infants and Children Born Prematurely: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Won-Oak Oh, Yoo-Jin Heo
  Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2024; 38(6): e1.     CrossRef
• Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eun Sun Ji, Jinhee Choi, Kaka Shim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Parenting Experience of Prematurity Parents Based on Grounded Theory
  Jeong Soon Kim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2019; 23(4): 232.     CrossRef
• Cognitive Ability and Related Factors in Preschoolers Born Prematurely
  Young Mee Ahn, Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 468.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of Massage therapy on feeding intolerance and physical growth in premature infants.
Methods
This study was conducted in the NICU of U university hospital, from June to December 2014. A quasi experimental design was used. A total of 60 premature infants were randomly assigned into two groups of 30 infants each. Infants of control group were given conventional treatment, while infants of experimental group given conventional treatment plus massage therapy. Massage therapy was performed for 15 minutes, 60 minutes before feeding, 3 times per day for 21 times over 7 days. The number of feedings withheld for feeding intolerance, number of gastric residuals, number of fecal excretions and physical growth variables (weight, height) were measured.
Results
After the intervention, number of fecal excretions and weight gain in the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group. Also, number of gastric residuals in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group.
Conclusion
Massage therapy laid the basis for nursing intervention to promote feeding tolerance and physical growth in premature infants.

Citations

• A Network Meta‐Analysis of Complementary Interventions for Weight Gain and Hospital Stay Reduction
  Mega Hasanul Huda, Khatijah Lim Abdullah, Herry Susanto, Joseph Kondwani Banda, Yeni Rustina, Hasriza Eka Putra, Niken Angelia, Novardian, Robiyatul Adawiyah, Rizkya Wimahavinda Kardono, Ita Daryanti Saragih, Ika Saptarini, Neni Fidya Santi, Faizul Hasan
  Acta Paediatrica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of massage therapy alone or together with passive mobilisations on weight gain and length of hospitalisation in preterm infants: Systematic review and meta-analysis
  Sara Mollà-Casanova, Núria Sempere-Rubio, Elena Muñoz-Gómez, Marta Aguilar-Rodríguez, Pilar Serra-Añó, Marta Inglés
  Early Human Development.2023; 182: 105790.     CrossRef
• The Usefulness of the Evaluation of Gastric Residuals in Premature Infants
  Kyung Min Lee, Su Jung Choi
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2019; 12(3): 74.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to describe health in optimal fitness (HOF) in young children born prematurely and to analyze factors affecting HOF in health status, investment resources, and anthropological values, based on HOF theory.
Methods
A case-control study of 76 children with preterm births (PTB) was conducted at 24 to 42 months of corrected age. Their HOF status was evaluated based on height, weight, head circumference, and the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II and classified as either HOF-achieved or HOF-uncertain in the domain of growth, development, and all together.
Results
For growth, development, and all, 26.3%, 27.6%, and 47.4% of children, respectively, belonged to the HOF-uncertain group. Logistic regression analysis showed that longer length of hospital stay (≥21 days; OR=7.8; 95% CI [1.5, 40.5]), worse scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) (≥38; OR=0.1; 95% CI [0.0, 0.4]), having a working mother, (OR=5.7; 95% CI [1.2, 27.6]), and an older mother (≥35 years; OR=8.8; 95% CI [2.1, 37.3]) were statistically significant contributors of HOF-uncertain in the domain of all.
Conclusion
Findings show that young children born prematurely with prolonged stays in a neonatal intensive care unit and insufficient socioeconomic resources at home are more likely to exhibit delayed growth and development.

Citations

• Cognitive Ability and Related Factors in Preschoolers Born Prematurely
  Young Mee Ahn, Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 468.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The study was done to explore growth variation in head circumference (HC) in extremely premature infants (EPI) with brain injury.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 79 cohort samples from the archives of the catch-up growth project. Mean age of the infants was 29.2 weeks of gestation and mean HC, 27.1 cm at birth. Their HC measurements were retrieved from the archives up to 6 month of corrected age (CA) and analyzed against history of brain injury during hospitalization.
RESULTS
Overall growth retardation in HC was observed in the cohort sample compared to longer gestation premature infants. EPI with brain injury showed decreased HC compared to infants without brain injury, and resulting growth variation across 6 month of CA. Highest retardation in HC growth was observed in male infants with brain injury.
CONCLUSION
Extreme preterm birth itself may function as a major obstacle against HC growth toward term age in EPI. Sustainability of brain injury could be observed with higher HC growth retardation after term. Evolutionary favor to female infants may exist in HC growth of EPI. Intensive education on HC monitoring is highly suggested for parents of EPI, particularly with children with brain injury.

Citations

• Effects of Direct Practice of Newborn Health Assessment on Students’ Nursing Clinical Competence and Self-Efficacy
  Seol Hui Park, Se Ang Ryu
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 117.     CrossRef
• Growth of Korean preterm infants in a family‐centered tradition during early infancy: The influence of health risks, maternal employment, and the sex of infants
  Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Sangmi Lee
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2014; 11(4): 281.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical and psychological health status of North Korean defector children and identify associated factors.
METHODS
The participants in the study were 103 children ranging in age from 7 to 14 years old. Physical health status was evaluated through height and weight measurements as well as clinical laboratory results. Psychological health status was assessed using structured survey interviews. Data were analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
On arrival in South Korea, 19% of the children did not meet the child growth standards of South Koreans for height and 15% for weight. However, twelve weeks after, these percentages had decreased significantly. It found that 38.5% of children presented mild posttraumatic reaction and 40.4% presented moderate reaction. Scores for externalizing and internalizing behavior problems were 0.38+/-0.30 and 0.59+/-0.36 respectively. Posttraumatic reaction was higher in girls (t=0.41, p=.03), and boys showed higher externalizing problems (t=2.04, p=.04). Externalizing problems were correlated with gender and internalizing problems were associated with posttraumatic reactions and externalizing problems.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that North Korean defector children need timely developmental assessments and tailored intervention programs to meet child growth standards need to be developed.

Citations

• Has the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in children from North Korean refugee families improved after resettlement in South Korea? A longitudinal cohort study
  Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeong Kim
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(7): e091072.     CrossRef
• Changes in the Prevalence of Malnutrition and Obesity of Children from North Korean Refugee Families in South Korea: Three Repeated Surveys from 2017 to 2023
  Seong-Woo Choi, So-Yeong Kim
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(3): 224.     CrossRef
• The growth status of North Korean refugee adolescents in South Korea: comparison with South Korean adolescents
  So-Yeong Kim, Hye-Min Ku, Seong-Woo Choi
  Annals of Human Biology.2023; 50(1): 148.     CrossRef
• Changes in the Nutritional Status of Children from North Korean Refugee Families Following Resettlement in South Korea
  So-Yeong Kim, Hyae-Min Gu, Seong-Woo Choi
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 102.     CrossRef
• North Korean Children's Health and the Role of Maternal and Child Health Experts
  Seong-Woo Choi
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 140.     CrossRef
• Reciprocal Prediction between Impulsivity and Problematic Internet Use among North Korean Refugee Youths in South Korea by Gender and Adverse Childhood Experience
  Eun-Sun Lee, Minji Lee, Jin Yong Jun, Subin Park
  Psychiatry Investigation.2021; 18(3): 225.     CrossRef
• Changes in health status of North Korean children and emerging health challenges of North Korean refugee children
  Seong-Woo Choi
  Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(11): 552.     CrossRef
• Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families
  So-Yeong Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Jong Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Mi-Ah Han, Sun-Young Park
  BMJ Open.2021; 11(10): e052059.     CrossRef
• Growth and Nutritional Status of Children in North Korean Refugee Families
  Seong-Woo Choi
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(2): 96.     CrossRef
• Double burden of malnutrition and obesity in children and adolescents from North Korean refugee families
  So-Young Kim, Seong-Woo Choi, Madhavi Bhargava
  PLOS ONE.2020; 15(11): e0241963.     CrossRef
• Low Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Is Prevalent among North Korean Refugees in South Korea
  Young-Soo Song, Seong-Woo Choi
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2018; 39(3): 161.     CrossRef
• Mental health status of North Korean refugees in South Korea and risk and protective factors: a 10-year review of the literature
  Yeeun Lee, Minji Lee, Subin Park
  European Journal of Psychotraumatology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Depressive Symptoms among North Korean Adolescent Refugees Residing in South Korea
  Subin Park, Minji Lee, Jin Jeon
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2017; 14(8): 912.     CrossRef
• Health Behavior and Factors Associated with Depression in North Korean Adolescent Defectors in South Korea: The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, 2011–2014
  Min Joung Kim, Seon Yeong Yu, Sunyoung Kim, Chang Won Won, Hyunrim Choi, Byung Sung Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(5): 256.     CrossRef
• Awareness of Korean Unification and Health Care in Healthcare Professional Students
  Kyung Jin Jang, Yoon Ki Seoung, Su Hyun Yoon, Hye Seung Chumg, Soo Hyang Kim, You Lee Yang, Sang Hui Chu
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2016; 30(3): 456.     CrossRef
• Children's Mental Health in Multicultural Family and North Korean Defectors in South Korea
  So Hee Lee, Sun Hea Lee
  Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent .2013; 24(3): 124.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of a Health Education Program for North Korean Preschool Defectors
  In Sook Lee, Ho Ran Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 478.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors on the Health Promotion Behaviors of North Korean Refugee Adolescent in a Specialization School
  Eunkyoung Jun, Jinhwa Lee, Soon-Lae Kim, Min-Jeoung Kang, InSook Kwon
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(3): 13.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical growth and developmental status of infants and children of married immigrant women.
METHODS
The participants were 92 infants and children aged from birth to 6 yr whose mothers were married immigrant women living in one rural area. Physical growth and developmental status were evaluated by using anthropometric assessment, and Korean Denver II developmental screening test.
RESULTS
Of the participants, 10.8% were below the 3rd percentile for weight, 13.0% for length, 5.4% for head circumference, and from 69.6% to 79.3% were distributed below the 50th percentile on growth charts. Further, 18.5% were classified as having questionable development. Factors related to low physical growth in infants and children were mother's weight and mother's level in Korean language classes.
CONCLUSION
The physical growth and developmental status of children is vulnerable and serious. The study results suggest a need for regular growth and developmental evaluations. Political support is important for these mothers. In addition, there also is a need to develop early intervention strategies to promote growth and development of the infants and children of these married immigrant women.

Citations

• Influences of Socioeconomic Status on Short Stature in Childhood
  Sun Bok Suh, Hyung Su Kim
  Kosin Medical Journal.2020; 35(1): 15.     CrossRef
• What Factors Cause a Complete Examination of Infant Health Checkup?
  Seungjin Kang, Woojin Chung, Heejin Kim, Sunmi Lee
  Health Policy and Management.2014; 24(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Predicting Factors of Developmental Delay in Infant and Early Children.
  Hyeon Ok Ju, Yu Kyung Park, Dong Won Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Intervention Studies for Married Immigrant Women
  Tae Im Kim, Ji Young Kim, Sun Mi Choi, Gye Hyun Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2013; 24(2): 172.     CrossRef
• The duration of exclusive breastfeeding practice and its related factors of married immigrant Vietnamese women
  Sang-Mee Koo, Tae-Im Kim
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2012; 13(4): 1672.     CrossRef
• Current Complementary Feeding and Maternal Nutritional Knowledge in Multicultural Family: Compared to the Korean Survey
  Nu Ri Yang, Hye Sil Kim, Mi Kyung Kim
  Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and N.2011; 14(3): 286.     CrossRef
• Predictive factors of depression among Asian female marriage immigrants in Korea
  Jung A. Kim, Sook Ja Yang, Kyoung Ja Kwon, Jee Hee Kim
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2011; 13(3): 275.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
In this study the effects of a self-growth program on self-esteem, inferiority and peer-relationships in children using a community child center were examined.
METHODS
A quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected from August 26 to October 9, 2008. To test the effects of the self-growth program, the children were divided into two groups, an experimental group (28) and a control group (25). The self-growth program was used with the children in the experimental group.
RESULTS
The self-growth program effectively increased the self-esteem scores, and the peer-relationships scores of the children, and decreased the inferiority scores.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the self-growth program is a useful nursing intervention for improving self-esteem, decreasing inferiority, and positively affecting peer-relationships in these children.

Citations

• The Effectiveness of Peer Gatekeeper Training Program for Vulnerable Middle School Students through Quasi-Experimental Method
  Kyounghye Kim, Hee Sook Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2025; 34(2): 199.     CrossRef
• A Content Analysis of the Experience of Participation in Community Leisure Programs among Older Adults
  Insuk Rho, Sunhee Cho
  Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 138.     CrossRef
• Adhesive characteristics of Mutans Streptococci on the surface of filling materials and sealant
  Jae-Min Kang, Sang-Uk Im, Jae-Min Kang, Jae-Kyung Ma, Jeong-Sook Kim, Kyo-Han Kim, Keun-Bae Song, Youn-Hee Choi
  Korean Journal of Dental Materials.2015; 42(3): 229.     CrossRef
• The Study on Effects of M&L Self-Growth Meditation Program
  Yu-Jin Lee, Jung-Suk Kim, Kyung-Suk Ko, Joo-Hee Sue, Jeong-Ran Oh, Mi-Yeong Kim, Hyung-Won Kang
  Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry.2014; 25(3): 225.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Participating Motives for Lifelong Education on the Releasing of Controlled Inferiority, the Gratification of Retained Desire, and Voluntary Resocialization
  Chulho Kim
  Journal of Digital Convergence.2014; 12(11): 515.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study, using a pre-post test design of non-equivalence comparative group, was done to determine effects of Kangaroo care (KC) on growth in premature infants and on maternal attachment (MA). METHODS: Fifty-three premature infants were assigned to the KC (24) or control group (CG) (29). Data were collected from July 2007 to June 2008. KC was given for 60 min at a time, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 10 times. Weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of premature infants were checked before the program started. Following the initial measurement, the program was given and measurements were taken again at the end of the program. For measurement of attachment between mother and infant, data collection was done using structured self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: KC group had a higher weight (t=2.565, p=.013), height (t=2.182, p=.034) and HC (t=2.468, p=.017) than the CG. Compared to the CG, the KC had significantly higher scores in MA (t=2.026, p=.048).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that the practice of KC in the nursing environment might actively promote attachment between mother and infant as well as acceleration of growth for premature infants as one of the most efficient nursing intervention.

Citations

• Early maternal touch predicts prosocial behaviour in adolescents: the mediation role of attachment
  Kuo Zhang, Jinlong Su
  International Journal of Adolescence and Youth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of an integrated healthcare program for postpartum women: a quasi-experimental study
  Eun Suk Hwang, Ju-Hee Nho
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 506.     CrossRef
• Effective stress intervention programs for parents of premature children: A systematic review
  Melissa Liher Martínez‐Shaw, Yolanda Sánchez‐Sandoval
  Stress and Health.2023; 39(2): 236.     CrossRef
• Effect on the practice of the kangaroo method on the formation and strengthening of the mother-baby bond: a systematic review
  Carolina Caetano, Bianca Baptista Pereira, Tulio Konstantyner
  Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil.2022; 22(1): 11.     CrossRef
• A touch-scaffolded model of human prosociality
  Jinlong Su, Yanjie Su
  Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2018; 92: 453.     CrossRef
• Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268.     CrossRef
• Knowledge and Beliefs about Kangaroo Care among Nursing Students
  So-Young Park, Sang-Mi Koo, Sun-Mi Choi, Tae-Im Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(1): 61.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Physiological Functions of Preterm Infants, Maternal–Infant Attachment, and Maternal Stress
  Eun-Sook Cho, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung Soon Kwon, Haeryun Cho, Eun Hye Kim, Eun Mi Jun, Sunhee Lee
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2016; 31(4): 430.     CrossRef
• Effects for kangaroo care: systematic review & meta analysis
  Junghee Lim, Gaeun Kim, Yeonghee Shin
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2016; 17(3): 599.     CrossRef
• Perception and Barriers to Kangaroo-Mother Care Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses
  Sun Kyung Jeong, Tae-Im Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 299.     CrossRef
• Effects of Kangaroo Care on Physical Development and Adaptation of External Environment of Prematurity, and Maternal Role Confidence who Delivered Premature Infants
  Ji-Won Lee, Yong-Sook Eo, Jung Hwa Han
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2016; 17(12): 128.     CrossRef
• Integrative Review of Nursing Intervention Studies on Mother-Infant Interactions.
  Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 75.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Brain Injury and Head Circumference Growth in Extremely Premature Infants
  Young-mee Ahn, Sang-mi Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 281.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Kangaroo Care on Maternal Self-esteem and Premature Infants' Physiological Stability
  Jihye Lee, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2011; 17(5): 454.     CrossRef
• A meta-analysis of the effects of attachment enhancement program for children
  Mira Chung, Jeong Yoon Kwon, Sukyoung Park, 홍소영
  Korean Journal of Early Childhood Education.2011; 31(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Perception of Nurses and Physicians in Neonatal Intensive Care Units on Kangaroo Care
  Kyung-Sook Bang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 230.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate effects of Meridian massage on the growth of the infant and on mother-infant interaction, mother-infant attachment, and the mother's satisfaction with her mothering role.
METHOD
The participants were 39 mothers of infants who were seen at one of two urban public health centers located in Yangju or Seoul. Data were collected from February 2008 to December 2008. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50 minutes (lecture 20 minutes, practice 15 minutes, preparation and arrangement 15 minutes) once a week for 6 weeks. Percentages, means with standard deviation, chi-square test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA were used with the SPSS program to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Infants in the experimental group showed an increase in weight & height compared to those in the control group. Mother-infant interaction, mother-infant attachment, and satisfaction with mothering role were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group.
CONCLUSION
The above finding suggest that Meridian massage should be applied in clinical practice to improve growth of infants, interaction and attachment between infants and their mothers, and the mother's satisfaction with her mothering role.

Citations

• Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268.     CrossRef
• Integrative Review of Nursing Intervention Studies on Mother-Infant Interactions.
  Sun Jung Park, Shin Jeong Kim, Kyung Ah Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 75.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate the effects of an infant massage on physical growth and stress response in preterm babies.
METHOD
A nonequivalent control group with pre-posttest design was used with 56 preterm babies in the NICU of E medical center at Daejeon. Data were collected from July 2004 to May 2005. The intervention was given for 15 minutes, once a day for 7 days. Physical growth was measured by weight, length, head circumference, and stress response was measured by serum cortisol level. Mean, %, paired-test, t-test with the SPSS/Win 16.0 program were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
After the intervention, physical growth variables (weight, length, head circumference) in experimental group were higher than that of the control group. Also, the serum cortisol level in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. But none of these results were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that a 7-day intervention period may not be long enough to confirm the effects of infant massage on physical growth and stress reaction. Therefore it is suggested that a longer period of infant massage should be tested to determine if it is effective in improving the physical growth and stress reduction in preterm babies.

Citations

• Effects of Infant Massage Therapy on Transcutaneous Bilirubin, Feeding, and Excretion in Neonates with Jaundice Undergoing Phototherapy
  정성진, 박미경
  JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHIL.2018; 22(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Effects of Massage Therapy on Feeding Intolerance and Physical Growth in Premature Infants
  Hyun Young Seo, Young Hae Kim, Sung-Ju Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 355.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Brain Injury and Head Circumference Growth in Extremely Premature Infants
  Young-mee Ahn, Sang-mi Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(4): 281.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Maternal Heart Sound on the Weight, Physiologic Responses and Behavioral States of Premature Infants
  Mi-Kyung Yeum, Young-Mee Ahn, Hwa-Sook Seo, Yong-Hoon Jun
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(3): 211.     CrossRef

Child is a being and provides the genetic continuity of parents and society, and therefore the fitness of these children for survival, growth and development towards reproduction, is of significance to parents and society. The aim of health care for high-risk children is not only to minimize or eliminate health problems, but also to optimize their fitness. Considering that the health care of children is influenced by available resources of parents and society, and sociocultural values and paradigms in a given environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), child health care professionals need to understand factors affecting the optimal fitness of children with risks. This paper introduces a new integrated theory for health care in high-risk children, entitled, Health for Optimal Fitness of High-Risk Children. Five main components were identified with associate concepts or midrange theories affecting heath for optimal fitness of high-risk children; EEA, optimal fitness, health problems, investment resources, and anthropological values. It may provide an integrated perspective on health of high-risk children in both the proximately biomedical approach and ultimately evolutionary approach as optimizing their fitness. Further study is needed to develop substantial statements between components with existential examples.

Citations

• Health in Optimal Fitness and its Related Factors in Young Korean Children Born Prematurely
  Sangmi Lee, Min Sohn, Shinjeong Kim, Sunha Choi, Yonghoon Jun, Youngmee Ahn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 336.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
In this study, a Checklist for Infant and Child Developmental Screening (CICDS) was designed for use by primary pediatric health care providers to identify infants and children with developmental delays.
METHOD
Each Item of the CICDS was constructed referring to existing tools. In 5 public health centers of B city, 500 infants and children were selected at the age of 2, 4, 6, 12, & 18 months and assessed between October and December 2006. CICDS and the Korea Denver II were compared to assesses the validity of the CICDS.
RESULTS
The CICDS consisted of 30 items in 4 areas; Personal-social, Fine motor-adaptive, Language, Gross motor. The results of the CICDS correlated significantly with the result of Korea Denver II at each month of age. (r=0.19; p<.01). Of the 500 infants and children, 148 were "suspect" for development delays (sensitivity of 96%, specificity 73%). On the CICDS, 74.6% of children received same result as Denver II. In discriminant analysis, 89.9% of children were identified correctly by CICDS (p<.01).
CONCLUSION
CICDS could be a screening procedures to quickly and reliably identify infants with developmental delays. It also provides a mean of recording measurements of development characteristics.

Citations

• Validity of Instrument Development Research in Korean Nursing Research
  Kyunghee Lee, Sujin Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 697.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
Nurse educators can use film effectively to promote nursing students' motivation and indirect experiences. The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching-learning design using films based on Kolb's experiential learning model for understanding of child growth and development, and to evaluate students' satisfaction with cinenurducation according to learning type and content.
METHODS
Participants were seventy-four first year nursing students in the spring semester of 2013 at a private university located in Busan. In each class, participants watched film, participated in peer-to-group discussion and an educator's lecture, and wrote a composition based on Kolb's four learning stages. After class, participants filled out a questionnaire developed by the researchers.
RESULTS
Results showed a high satisfaction with cinenurducation regardless of learning type and content concerning child growth and development. Advantages of cinenurducation included it being "fun and interesting," "helpful to understand the characteristics of children," and "develop critical thinking through discussions." Disadvantages included "length of time needed," and "burdensome." CONCLUSION: Films are advantageous in that they provide indirect experience for nursing students. Selection of appropriate films and evaluation of learning goal achievements are important to maximize the effectiveness of cinenurducation.

Citations

• Development and evaluation of flipped learning using film clips within a nursing informatics course
  Jina Oh, Shin‐Jeong Kim, Sunghee Kim, Kyung‐Ah Kang, JinSook Kan, Robin Bartlett
  Japan Journal of Nursing Science.2019; 16(4): 385.     CrossRef
• Nursing students' preferences of strategies surrounding cinenurducation in a first year child growth and development courses: A mixed methods study
  Jina Oh, Lorraine Steefel
  Nurse Education Today.2016; 36: 342.     CrossRef
• The Use of the Movie 'The Island' for Nursing Informatics in Nursing Students
  Jina Oh, Hyewon Shin, Jennie C. De Gagne
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2015; 15(4): 330.     CrossRef
• Brain-based Teaching Strategies for Nurse Educators: An Integrative Review
  Jina Oh, Shin-Keong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Sung-Hee Kim, Heyrin Roh, Jennie C. De Gagne
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2014; 20(4): 617.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood.
METHODS
Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data.
RESULTS
Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and developmental delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06).
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.

Citations

• Health-Related Quality of Life in the Early Childhood of Premature Children.
  Eun Hee Lim, Hyeon Ok Ju
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(1): 37.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal parental role education program. Methods: The participants were healthy primiparous women and their healthy newborn babies. 57 mother-infant diads(27 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group). For the intervention group, an additional 4 prenatal parental role education programs and 2 postnatal telephone calls(1st & 3rd week after birth) were provided. Data were analyzed by frequency, chi-square test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS PC+ 10.0 program.
RESULTS
Significant differences were found in self-confidence in maternal role performance, mother-infant interaction and infant physical growth between the two groups. This result indicate that the intervention program was effective in improving self-confidence in maternal role performance, mother-infant interaction and in facilitating infant physical growth. Conclusions: The prenatal parental role education program developed by the author was a very effective program in promoting maternal self-confidence, mother-infant interaction, and fostering infant's physical growth at 4 weeks after infant's birth.

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate the effects of a massage program on the growth of premature infants and on the mothers' confidence and satisfaction in the mothering role.
METHODS
The participants were 29 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at CNU Hospital (14 in the massage program group and 15 in control group). Massage was done for 10-15 minutes, 2-3 times a day for 4 weeks. The data were using the SAS PC+ program.
RESULT
Significant differences were found in the ratios of weight gain (Z=2.24, p=.013), grow in length (Z=2.50, p=.006) and increase in head circumference (Z=1.91, p=.028) between the massage program group and the control group. Confidence in the mothering role was significantly higher for mothers in the massage program group compared to those in the control group (Z=2.69, p=.004), but there was no significant difference in satisfaction with the mothering role between the two groups (Z=.88, p=.191).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the massage program enhances growth of premature infants as well as enhancing the mother's confidence in her role as mother. Therefore, the massage program for premature infants can be use as an effective nursing intervention.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sensory stimulation therapy on the physical growth and behaviors of infants accommodated at two Korean orphanages.
METHOD
Thirty-eight full term infants were assigned to a control (n=20) or an experimental (n=18) group within 14 days of birth. In addition to routine orphanage care, infants in the experimental group received 15 minutes of massage twice a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks.
RESULT
Compared to the control group, the experimental group had gained significantly more weight and had larger increases in length and head circumference after the 4-week intervention period. In addition, the experimental group showed significantly better behavioral performance in the scoring of habituation (e.g., light), motor (e.g., motor maturity), and state range (e.g., peak of excitement, rapidity of build-up) behavioral clusters of Brazelton's NBAS.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate that sensory stimulation therapy may facilitate the physical and behavioral development of the newborn infants placed in the orphanages.

Advances in neonatal care system and research have resulted in an increased survival rate among low birth weight infants in the industrialized countries. Recent Korean neonatal mortality and morbidity statistics, and current status of Korean neonatal intensive care facilities were reviewed here for the sake of future improvement and research.Morbidity statistics revealed that perinatal diseases accounted for 80% of the death of premature infants implying the possibility of its reduction by the vigorous prenatal care service in future. On the basis of extensive studies of nutritional support and growth rate of premature infants, commercial formulas for premature infants have been developed and various aspects of feeding techniques are standardized. However, problem of growth deficit of premature infants remains unsolved as medical problem. NICU specialists are challenged with the tasks of prenatal education or provision of care that minimizes the neurodevelopmental problems seen in preterm infants, various short-term outcome researches have been reported and those are reviewed here to promote research interest in the field of neonatal nursing. Systemic long-term outcome studies are also awaited in Korea for the formulation of welfare policy in future. Nursing science has to embrace all these interdisciplinary studies as their own research field in collaboration with neonatologist, nutritionist, rehabilitation therapist, social workers and teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on weight gain, length and head circumference in instituted infants. This study utilized nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental design. Fifty eight instituted infants in Daejeon city were selected for the study. Fifty eight infants were randomly assigned two groups, one served as the control group and the other was experimental group to whom massage therapy was given. For the experimental group, massage protocol(developed by Field, 1986) was applied 2 times a day, mid-morning and early evening, for 4 weeks for each infants by researcher and trained research assistants. As a weight weighing instrument, electronic indicator scale (Cas Co., Korea) was used. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1.A repeated measures ANOVA identified a significant group by time effect over the four weeks of intervention(F=14.69, p < .0001). Infants assigned to experimental group gained more weight than control group infants. 2. T-test identified that significant differences in length(t=2.60, P=.013) and head circumference(t=4.27, P=.000). Infants assigned to experimental group had more length and head circumference than control group infants. In conclusion, Massage therapy improved weight gain, length and head circumference of instituted infants. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize massage therapy as a nursing intervention for instituted infants.

This study is to identify the characteristics of the growth and deveolpment, and to assess Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index of infants paticipated in a healthy breast-feeding contest. The subjects of this study were 94 breast- feeding infants, ages from 6 to 8 months. Their weight and height were measured and compared with Korean Standards. Their developmental state was tested by DDST(Denver Developmental Screening Test) standardized in Korea. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS-WIN 10.0. The result is as follows : 1. The weight of infants was more than Korean Standards, but the height was less. 2. There were statistically significant differences in Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index. Obese infants estimated by Obesity Index were about 10%, but by BMI and Kaup Index were 35.1% and 27.7%. 3. Spearman's rhos of Obesity Index and Kaup Index, Obesity Index and BMI, and Kaup Index and BMI were individually 0.526, 0.528 and 0.753. In conclusion, BMI should be added to the criteria for assessing healthy breast-feeding infants.

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate effect of Meridian massage on the growth of infants and on parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy in their mothers.
METHOD
The participants were 65 mothers of infants who visited one public health center in Yangju City. Data were collected from February, 2007 to December, 2007. Infants in the experimental group were given Meridian massage for 50 minutes (lecture 20 minutes, practice 15 minutes, preparation and arrangement 15 minutes) once a week for 6 weeks. Percentages, means with standard deviation, Fisher's Exact Test, chi-square test, Repeated Measured ANOVA and ANCOVA were used, with the SPSS program, to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Infants in the experimental group showed an increase in height compared to those in the control group, but there was no difference in infant weight between the two groups. Compared to the control group, mothers in the experimental group has significantly less Parenting Stress and Parenting Self-efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The above findings suggest that maternally administered Meridian massage should be applied in clinical practice to improve growth of infants, emotional condition of mothers and interaction between infants and their mothers.

Despite the 12-year KNA breastfeeding campaign, the declining trend in the national breastfeeding rate has not been significantly reversed. PURPOSE: This investigation focused on mothers' decision to breastfeed and the physical growth profiles of breastfed infants.
METHODS
Participants were 146 mothers and their 5-7 months old infants participating the "Year 2005 Healthy Breastfed Baby Contest." Data were collected through interviews with mothers on their breastfeeding practice and assessment of infant growth profiles by the investigators.
RESULTS
Concerning breastfeeding practice, 76% of mothers decided to breastfeed even before their pregnancy and 92% intended to breastfeed a year or as long as baby wants and 52% planned to breastfeed solely by self-motivation from reading. The growth profiles of breastfed infants showed that for WAZ (weight-for-age Z-scores), LAZ (length-for-age Z-scores) and HCAZ (head circumference-for-age Z-scores) the breastfed infants were above the WHO percentiles for their age.
CONCLUSION
Considering that the mothers planned to breastfeed even before pregnancy and that the physical growth of the breastfed infants was above WHO standards, the authors recommend that in future campaigns the focus should be on families who plan to have a baby.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compared the growth and development of premature and full-term infants during the 2 years after birth.
METHOD
The participants were 102 infants, 51 each for premature infants, and for healthy full-term infants. Participants in the premature group accounted for 17.5% of all premature infants who were registered at the public health center in G city. Developmental status was evaluated using the Korean Denver II.
RESULTS
The catch-up growth of the premature was 100% in weight and in height. Suspicious developmental delay according to the Korean Denver II was 3.9% in normal infants and 31.2% in premature infants. Factors related to the suspicious developmental delay in premature infants were their age and health state at birth. The rate of suspicious developmental delay was higher in infants over 6 months and infants unhealthy at birth.
CONCLUSION
A premature follow-up program, which includes nutrition education to achieve catch-up growth and to prevention obesity, along with continuous developmental screening test for infants and children born prematurely is recommended. Provision for home visits and telephone counseling for premature infants and their families who do not to use the public health center should also be included.

PURPOSE
This study was to done to develop a nursing intervention, Meridian massage and to investigate its effects on the infants' growth and sleep of infants and on role confidence and sensitivity in their mothers.
METHOD
This study used a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi experimental. Infants and mothers from Y health center were assigned to an experimental group (17) and control group (14). Meridian massage was given to infants by their mothers. Data were collected from August 11, 2005 to February 24, 2006. Infants in the experimental group had Meridian massage for 15 min per time, three times a week for 3 weeks.
RESULT
Regarding growth, infants in the experimental group showed a statistical significant increase in weight and height compared to those in the control group. Sleeping well was also significant for infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group. There was no signifiant difference in confidence in mothering role between the two groups. Sensitivity for the mothering role was significantly higher for mothers of infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant growth and maternal-infant interaction.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to look for physical growth and developmental retardation of the disabled children in registered educational institutions.
METHOD
The participants in this study were 103 children. The data was collected from January to September 2006. Body weight, height and head circumference were measured and the Denver II developmental screening tool was used to measure personal-social development.
RESULTS
For 40.8% of the children body weight was less than the average for Korean children of the same age, for 49.5% height was lower than average and for 44.7% head circumference was lower. For 84.5% of the children there was a delay in personal-social development, for 87.4% a delay in fine motor-adaptive development, for 80.6% a delay in speech development and for 81.6% a delay in gross motor development.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop an individual developmental programs for these children based on their growth and development status.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of multimodal sensory stimulation on growth and mother-infant interaction in infants with low birth weight (LBW).
METHOD
A non-equivalent control group time-series study design was used. The participants were 38 LBW infants and their mothers (19 in the intervention group and 19 in the control group). The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004. For the mothers in the intervention group, this researcher instructed mothers in the multimodal sensory stimulation therapy, in turn the mothers used these techniques on their infants once a day during the 4-week research period. The researcher measured weight, length, and head circumference of the LBW infants once a week for 4 weeks and made a film of the mother playing with the infant for 5 minutes in the last week of the research period.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, LBW infants in the intervention group showed significant increases in weekly weight gain (F=3.82, p=.012) and had significantly higher scores for mother-infant interaction (t=3.93, p < .000).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that multimodal sensory stimulation therapy can be used to increase the growth of LBW infants and improve mother-infant interaction.

Purpose
This study was to verify the effects of infant massage on weight recovery from physiologic weight loss, physical development of infants, and identity of their mothers. Method: A study with quasi-experimental design with time delay method was conducted from October 20, 2004 through February 20, 2005 with mothers and infants recruited from postpartum care center. 20 infants in the experimental group (once a day massage group) and 22 control group remained for the final analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS win 11.0 program by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and x2-test. Results: There was no significant group difference in weight recovery from physiologic weight loss. However, experiment group showed significant increase in weight and chest circumference in 4 weeks after birth compare to the control group. For changes in behavior, experimental group showed more positive behavioral changes. The mothers who conducted massage for their infants showed higher score of identity as mothers.
Conclusion
Since massage applied once a day can be still effective on physical growth of the infants, massage training program for mothers should be developed to apply easily for their infants at home. Further study is suggested to identify influencing factors on performed by mothers and identity as mothers.