Purpose Because fever is a common symptom in children, parents must have accurate knowledge and management ability about it to be able to provide appropriate management. This study aimed to develop a fever management education program, incorporating case-based simulation practice for parents of hospitalized children, and examine its effects on knowledge of fever in children, anxiety related to fever, and self-efficacy in child fever management.
Methods A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 50 parents participated, with 24 and 26 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received both theoretical lectures and case-based simulation practice, whereas the control group received only theoretical lectures.
Results No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups regarding knowledge of fever or anxiety related to fever immediately after the intervention or at the 4-week follow-up. However, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in self-efficacy in fever management from pre- to post-intervention.
Conclusion The findings suggest that fever management education incorporating case-based simulation practice, in addition to theoretical instruction, could potentially enhance parents’ confidence in managing childhood fever. Developing simulation-based educational interventions that enhance long-term effectiveness, can be feasibly integrated into hospital settings, and provide practical and accessible approaches is essential to support parents in effectively managing fever in real-life situations.
Purpose This study was conducted to identify correlations between how much fever management information mothers obtained from the internet and their actual knowledge and practices of fever management.
Methods This was a descriptive survey of 172 mothers with children aged between 0 and 3 attending five daycare centers located in the city of Daegu. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.
Results In total, 75% of the mothers had searched the internet for information on fever management. The overwhelming majority (92.2%) used information from the internet to help manage fever in their children. Positive correlations were found between acquiring fever management information from the internet and fever management practices (r=.18, p=.038), and between mother’s knowledge and practices of fever management (r=.27, p<.001).
Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to improve fever management practices, it is necessary to increase mothers’ knowledge. Therefore, resources should be developed to augment mothers’ knowledge of fever management through the internet.
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Effects of a case-based simulation fever management education program for parents of hospitalized children in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study Bora Nam, Hyunju Kang Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 237. CrossRef
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Purpose This study was done to identify the level and correlation of knowledge and practice of fever management at home and provide data for the development of an intervention program to improve the fever management ability of mothers of preschool age children.
Methods Participants were 112 mothers with children between 1 and 6 years of age and attending one of three daycare centers located in J city. The participants had a history of using medication and tepid massage. Data were collected during April, 2016.
Results The mean scores were 27.55 (correct answer rate 70.64%) of 39 for knowledge, and 75.93 of 92 for fever management practice. There were significant differences in scores for knowledge according to the number of children and number of visits to doctors for treatment of a fever. There were no differences in scores for practice. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and practice.
Conclusion Results indicate that mothers’ knowledge and practice of childhood fever management were insufficient to provide accurate management of childhood fevers. Therefore, to improve the mothers’ ability to provide appropriate fever management, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge need to be developed.
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Purpose The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers’ knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever.
Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children’s fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants’ knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers’ knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers’ anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management.
Conclusion Results show that day care teachers’ knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers’ childhood fever management are recommended.
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Purpose The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices.
Methods Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method.
Results There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage.
Conclusion Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.
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Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Pediatric Fever Management Program for Nursing Students: A Complex Mixed-Methods Study Reza Saidi, Haydeh Heidari Creative Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Korean Childcare Providers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Concerns, and Practices of Febrile Convulsions Won-Oak Oh, Yoo Jin Heo, Min Hyun Suk, Anna Lee International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(9): 4855. CrossRef
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based nursing practice guidelines for the care of febrile children in the emergency room and to evaluate the guidelines by applying them to practice. METHODS This study was conducted using a methodological design. referring to the Scottish intercollegiate guideline network, draft of guidelines were developed based on the recommendations found from the critical literature analysis.
Then, the draft was modified by an expert group and a pilot application. The final draft was evaluated by the expert group using appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation. Finally, the final guideline and algorithm were completed. RESULTS The guideline includes 39 recommendations for the care of febrile children in the emergency room. CONCLUSION The clinical guidelines developed through this research can be utilized as systematic and scientific guidelines for the care of febrile children in the emergency room. In addition, the research results will contribute to improving care services.
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Tepid massage for febrile children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis Junghee Lim, Juyoung Kim, Bora Moon, Gaeun Kim International Journal of Nursing Practice.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness for infants of antifebrile therapy using a hypothermia blanket or rectal antipyretics following open heart surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective study and 174 infants who had open heart surgery at P University Hospital, and whose body temperature body temperature exceeded 37.2degrees C were included in the study. The assessment tool was composed of 32 items was used for assessment of fever therapy, physiological indexes and antifebrile duration.
Physiological indexes included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3-, SaO2, and K+ and the antifebrile duration was minutes from having a fever until BT returned to normal levels. RESULTS The antifebrile duration with the hypothermia blanket was shorter than with rectal antipyretics. There were significant differences in the physiological indexes with either type of antifebrile therapy, but drop in BT was greater with the hypothermia blanket than rectal antipyretics. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that a hypothermia blanket is a non-invasive, non-drug and safe antifebrile therapy. Therefore, a hypothermia blanket can be applied to infants with a fever following open heart surgery.
PURPOSE Fever is a common symptom of illness in children that is often misunderstood and inappropriately managed by parents. The purposes of this study were to investigate perception, knowledge of childhood fever and fever management and self-efficacy in fever management by parents and to identify the relationship between knowledge of childhood fever and fever management, and self-efficacy in management of fever. METHODS A descriptive correlation study was used with 101 parents of children ages 3 months to 5 yr who were seen in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. RESULTS Many parents reported a high level of fear about fever and its possible complications. Most parents used over-the-counter medications to reduce fever even when their children had mild to moderate fever. The mean correct percent on the knowledge scale was 51.0%. Most parents did not recognize the benefits of fever. There were statistically significant positive correlations between knowledge of fever and fever management and self-efficacy in management of fever. CONCLUSION The results indicate a need to develop and evaluate educational programs that will provide parent education on fever and fever management.
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Effects of a case-based simulation fever management education program for parents of hospitalized children in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study Bora Nam, Hyunju Kang Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 237. CrossRef
Experiences and practices of mothers with children 0–5 age group on fever management: A mixed methods study Ayşe Göbekli, Rabiye Güney Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(13-14): 3757. CrossRef
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An analysis of caregivers’ preference regarding fever management in the emergency department Hae Jung Kim, Ho Jung Kim Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2018; 5(1): 13. CrossRef
Knowledge and Practice of Fever Management by Mothers of Preschool Children at Home Hye Rim Park, In Soo Kwon Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 127. CrossRef
Childhood Fever Management: Current Practice vs Evidence Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 126. CrossRef
Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Ae Ran Choi, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 113. CrossRef
Childhood fever management program for Korean pediatric nurses: A comparison between blended and face-to-face learning method Yong Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim Contemporary Nurse.2014; 49(1): 35. CrossRef
Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214. CrossRef
Evaluation of Internet Information on Childhood Fever Management Yong-Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2012; 12(12): 702. CrossRef
Development of a Scenario and Evaluation for SimBaby Simulation Learning of Care for Children with Fever in Emergency Units Hae-Ran Kim, Eun-Ju Choi The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(6): 279. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purposes of this review were to identify whether available evidence supports the nursing interventions that are commonly used to reduce fever in children and to introduce research findings into practice. METHODS Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 1990 to 2009 were searched. The search terms were fever, febrile convulsion, fever management, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, temperature, external cooling, tepid sponge bath, and physical treatment. RESULTS Evidence suggests that uncomplicated fever is relatively harmless, but it is an important immunological defense. Antipyretics should not routinely be used with the sole aim of reducing body temperature in children with fever who are otherwise well. Currently a lack of evidence supports the practice of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and the routine use of tepid sponge bath. CONCLUSION Currently, fever management in children does not reflect research evidence. Pediatric nurses can play an important role by encouraging clinical research in this area and also by enhancing research utilization in their practice. Moreover, pediatric nurses can educate parents about evidence-based fever management. Evidence-based educational interventions for pediatric nurses need to be developed and evaluated to improve the quality of nursing care in the management of childhood fever.
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Effects of a case-based simulation fever management education program for parents of hospitalized children in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study Bora Nam, Hyunju Kang Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 237. CrossRef
Axillary temperature measurements based on smart wearable thermometers in South Korean children: comparison with tympanic temperature measurements Younglee Choi, Hye Young Ahn Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 62. CrossRef
Knowledge and Practice of Fever Management by Mothers of Preschool Children at Home Hye Rim Park, In Soo Kwon Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 127. CrossRef
Childhood Fever Management: Current Practice vs Evidence Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 126. CrossRef
Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Accuracy of Infrared Thermometer when Identifying Fever in Children Young Joo Park, Seong-Hi Park, Chang-Bum Kang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 746. CrossRef
Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214. CrossRef
Comparison of Antifebrile Effects of Hypothermia Blanket and Rectal Antipyretics for Infants after Open Heart Surgery Eun-Jung Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 164. CrossRef
Parents' Perception, Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Management of Childhood Fever Yong-Sun Jeong, Hyun-Ei Oh, Jin-Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 324. CrossRef
PURPOSE Fever is a common problem in children.
Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude. METHODS A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as 38.3degrees C. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses.
Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.
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Knowledge and Practice of Fever Management by Mothers of Preschool Children at Home Hye Rim Park, In Soo Kwon Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 127. CrossRef
Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Ae Ran Choi, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 113. CrossRef
Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214. CrossRef
Comparison of Antifebrile Effects of Hypothermia Blanket and Rectal Antipyretics for Infants after Open Heart Surgery Eun-Jung Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 164. CrossRef
Parents' Perception, Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Management of Childhood Fever Yong-Sun Jeong, Hyun-Ei Oh, Jin-Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 324. CrossRef
Fever and Fever Management in Children: A Literature Review Yong Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 30. CrossRef
PURPOSE Purposes of this study were to identify the level of parental fever phobia and to investigate the relationship between level of parental concern about fever and related variables. METHODS Participants were 151 parents of children who visited a pediatric outpatient clinic. A self-reported structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi2-test. RESULTS Almost half of participants defined a minimum temperature for fever as 37.8degrees C and a minimum temperature for high fever as 38.9degrees C. About 75% of participants identified harmful effects of fever as seizure and brain damage, were 'very worried' about fever, measured their child's temperature every hour or less, provided tepid massage and woke children to give antipyretics during febrile illness. There were significant relationships between level of parental concerns about fever and prior experience of febrile seizures, and/or being parents of a single child. CONCLUSION Results indicate that fever phobia is prevalent among parents. Further studies are needed to develop and evaluate childhood fever management educational programs for parents. Considering health care providers as a primary information resource about fever management, health care providers should play a vital role to reduce parental unrealistic concerns about fever.
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Understanding Discomfort in Order to Appropriately Treat Fever Mattia Doria, Domenico Careddu, Flavia Ceschin, Maria Libranti, Monica Pierattelli, Valentina Perelli, Claudia Laterza, Annarita Chieti, Elena Chiappini International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(22): 4487. CrossRef
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Childhood Fever Management: Current Practice vs Evidence Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(2): 126. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Daycare Center Teachers’ Management of Childhood Fever Song I Park, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 289. CrossRef
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