Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on caregiver well-being across various age groups of children diagnosed with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) groups (0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years).
Methods
Utilizing secondary data from the 2022 US National Survey of Child Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2,752 children who were formally diagnosed with ADHD. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression, conducted using SPSS version 27.
Results
The study revealed a moderate positive correlation (r=.35, p<.001) between family resilience and caregiver well-being. Controlling for covariates, family resilience accounted for 25.2%, 21.1%, and 22.1% of caregiver well-being variance in age groups 0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years, respectively. Additionally, factors like employment status, family structure, and caregiver age showed varying influences on caregiver well-being across these developmental stages. A consistent pattern emerged across these age groups: unemployment and non-traditional family structures were associated with negative impacts on caregiver well-being, whereas older caregiver age positively influenced well-being.
Conclusion
This research underscores the importance of age-specific family resilience strategies to improve caregiver well-being and family interactions in ADHD contexts. Investigating these aspects through qualitative studies across various cultures could deepen our understanding of well-being and inform culturally sensitive interventions.

Citations

• Explaining the concepts of family vigilance theory in the context of anticipatory grief in mothers of children with life-threatening illnesse: A directed qualitative content analysis
  Kazem Najafi, Azam Shirinabadi Farahani, Maryam Rassouli, Hamid Alavi Majd, Motahareh Faramarzpour, Massoumeh Ghasemi
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2026; 86: 654.     CrossRef
• Being a parent of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
  Derya Evgin, Nuray Caner, Elif Bilge Alimoğlu, Yağmur Sezer Efe
  Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychological Well-Being and Resilience of Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Basis for Well-Being Program
  Jessie Biscocho, Sheila Marie Hocson
  Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Jour.2025; 43(6): 725.     CrossRef
• Psychological resilience of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
  Kyriaki S. Tasiou, Eleni N. Nikolaou
  Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties.2025; 30(4): 304.     CrossRef
• Cluster analysis of family resilience in adolescents with emotional disorders: a cross-sectional study
  Jun Shen, Shuang Zhou, Miao Du, Biyun Xia, Ying Jiang
  BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predicting Flourishing in ADHD Youth: Positive Childhood Experiences and Mood Disturbances in Context of Adversity
  Patricia Bianca Torres, Daniel Andre Ignacio, Nathan M. Griffith, Jessica Emick
  Journal of Attention Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study analyzed research trends in infant and toddler rearing behavior among family caregivers over a 10-year period (2010-2021).
Methods
Text network analysis and topic modeling were employed on data collected from relevant papers, following the extraction and refinement of semantic morphemes. A semantic-centered network was constructed by extracting words from 2,613 English-language abstracts. Data analysis was performed using NetMiner 4.5.0.
Results
Frequency analysis, degree centrality, and eigenvector centrality all revealed the terms ''scale," ''program," and ''education" among the top 10 keywords associated with infant and toddler rearing behaviors among family caregivers. The keywords extracted from the analysis were divided into two clusters through cohesion analysis. Additionally, they were classified into two topic groups using topic modeling: "program and evaluation" (64.37%) and "caregivers' role and competency in child development" (35.63%).
Conclusion
The roles and competencies of family caregivers are essential for the development of infants and toddlers. Intervention programs and evaluations are necessary to improve rearing behaviors. Future research should determine the role of nurses in supporting family caregivers. Additionally, it should facilitate the development of nursing strategies and intervention programs to promote positive rearing practices.

Citations

• The impact of grandchild caregiving on depression among grandparents: a scoping review
  Jiajing Hu, Nan Zhang, Patreeya Kitcharoen
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Infant-rearing experiences of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: a mixed-methods approach
  In-Hye Song, Kyung-Ah Kang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(1): 31.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review.
Results
The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers.
Conclusion
This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.

Citations

• Distinguishing risk factors for depression and burnout in parents managing type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
  Sumbule Koksoy Vayisoglu, Ebru Koc, Emine Oncu
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2025; 80: 32.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting care burden and life satisfaction among parents of children with type 1 diabetes
  Tuğba Bilgehan, Ezgi Bağrıaçık, Münevver Sönmez
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 77: e394.     CrossRef
• Preferences for Peer Support Amongst Families Engaged in Paediatric Screening Programmes: The Perspectives of Parents Involved in Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Children Aged 3–13
  Ian Litchfield, Lauren M. Quinn, Felicity Boardman, Olga Boiko, Parth Narendran, Shivam Choundhary, Naga Setti, Veer Sheth, Sheila M. Greenfield
  Health Expectations.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the educational needs of parents of infants and toddlers with congenital heart disease (CHD) after hospital discharge.
Methods
Qualitative content analysis was conducted of in-depth interviews of eight parents, and the results of an online survey of 171 parents were analyzed quantitatively.
Results
Only 16.4% of parents reported that they had received education after hospital discharge on how to provide care for a child with CHD at home. The main reason why parents did not receive education on this topic was that they did not have sufficient opportunities or information (75.5%). In addition, 97.1% of parents stated that they needed educational programs that would be available at home after discharge. In terms of specific educational content, parents expressed the highest needs for education on the symptoms of CHD and ways to cope with them, the prognosis of CHD, and the growth and development of infants and toddlers with CHD.
Conclusion
The study showed that parents’ educational needs were high in many ways. However, the information and educational opportunities offered after discharge were insufficient compared to those needs. Further research is needed to develop post-hospital educational programs that meet their needs.

Citations

• The effects of a hospital-to-home care transition program on perceived stress and readiness for hospital discharge in mothers of children with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery
  Zohre Komijani, Meimanat Hosseini, Malihe Nasiri, Parvaneh Vasli
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: e66.     CrossRef
• The Children’s National Hospital Outcomes Registry: a plea for a benchmarking tool that provides longitudinal outcomes for patients and families
  Alyssia Venna, Mitchell Haverty, Janet Kreutzer, Rittal Mehta, Alix Fetch, Aybala Tongut, Manan Desai, Can Yerebakan, Yves d’Udekem
  Cardiology in the Young.2024; 34(8): 1619.     CrossRef
• Needs for Discharge Education of Family Caregivers of Pediatric Patients: An Integrative Review
  Hyunjie Lee, Seung Eun Lee, Sang Hwa Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursi.2023; 30(2): 137.     CrossRef

Purpose
In this study a caregiver’s role improvement program was developed and tested to identify the effect on uncertainty, stress, and role performance of caregivers with hospitalized children.
Methods
The design of this study was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group and a non-synchronized design. Thirty-three caregivers were assigned to the experimental group and 33 to the control group. Data were collected from March 5 2016 to April 10 2016. For the experimental treatment, each individual was given on-site education with situated learning (given 30 minutes each, for 2 sessions), and self-repetition learning activities were performed from the e-book. Data were analyzed using t-test, χ²-test, Fisher’s exact test, paired t-test, and independent t-test.
Results
The level of uncertainty and stress decreased, and role performance level improved for these caregivers with hospitalized children.
Conclusion
The findings of this study show that using on-site education through situated learning and self-repetition learning with an e-book as in the caregiver’s role improvement program is an effective intervention. Therefore, utilizing the caregiver role improvement program developed in this study is recommended as an effective intervention for caregivers of hospitalized children.

Citations

• Effects of Anxiety, Parenting Efficacy, and Partnership With Nurses on the Caring Behaviors of Mothers of Hospitalized Children
  Yu Jin Hong, Hyeon Ok Kim
  Journal of Korean Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(3): 111.     CrossRef
• An educational design and development project for pediatric heart transplant recipients and their families
  Go-Eun Kim, Eun Kyoung Choi, HyeJung Lee, Yu-Mi Im
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 66: e152.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the quality of nursing care as perceived by mothers of hospitalized children in South Korea
  Ina Jin, Hun Ha Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 266.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify differences between the degree of nursing need and nursing performance as perceived by caregivers of hospitalized children.
Methods
Participants included 200 main caregivers from two pediatric hospitals where their children had been hospitalized for at least 2 days. Data were collected from October 30 to December 10, 2014.
Results
The degree (2.64±0.40) of nursing performance perceived by caregivers with hospitalized children was found to be significantly lower than that (3.39±0.21) of nursing needs of caregivers. Of nursing needs, direct nursing had the highest score at 3.59, and nursing assessment, the lowest at 3.23. For nursing performance, nursing assessment had the highest score at 2.76, and education and counseling, the lowest at 2.35.
Conclusion
These results suggest that performance of nursing activities by nurses caring for hospitalized children do not meet the nursing needs of the caregivers. Therefore it is necessary to develop nursing strategies to reduce the gap between nursing needs and nursing performance.

Citations

• The perceptions and performance of family-centered care among pediatric nurses at a children's hospital in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Suk-Jin Lim, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(3): 207.     CrossRef
• Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction of Pediatric Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Communication Skills and Pediatric Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Da Gyeon Lee, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2023; 53(5): 514.     CrossRef
• Uncertainty and Nursing Needs of Parents with Pediatric Cancer Patients in Different Treatment Phases: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Mijeong Park, Eunyoung E. Suh, Soo-Young Yu
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(8): 4253.     CrossRef
• Design of Services for Improving the Quality of Care of Hospitalized Children with Acute Diseases
  Hyun Young Koo, Kyungmin Yi, Young Eun Gu
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 528.     CrossRef
• Effects of Clinical Decision-making on Job Satisfaction among Pediatric Nurses: The Mediating Effect of the Nurse-Parent Partnership
  Kyoung-Suk Shin, Hye-Young Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Factors influencing the caregiving performance of mothers of hospitalized toddlers with acute respiratory diseases: A path analysis
  Han Hye-Yul, Kim Shin-Jeong, Ellis Kevin Wayne, Kang Kyung-Ah
  Journal of Child Health Care.2018; 22(4): 591.     CrossRef
• Comparison of the Quality of Nursing Care as Perceived by Pediatric Nurses and Mothers of Hospitalized Children
  So Yeon Yoo, Yae Young Kim, Haeryun Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 373.     CrossRef
• Comparison with Importance and Performance in Rehabilitation Nursing Needs Perceived by Stroke Patients Admitted to a Rehabilitation Hospital and Nurses
  Eun Hee Lee, Eun Ko
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2016; 19(1): 30.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of structured nursing intervention for caregivers on maintenance of intravenous (IV) infusions in infants.
METHODS
The structured nursing intervention was developed through the processes of interviews with nurses from pediatric wards. To identify the effects of the developed nursing intervention, a non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design study was conducted with caregivers from the pediatric ward from a hospital in Seoul. Of 100 admitted infants, 50 caregivers were assigned to the intervention group and received the structured nursing intervention for maintenance of intravenous infusions in infants. The others were assigned control group and received routine care. Data were collected on patient factors, IV insertion factors, treatments, and IV related complications. The form developed for the structured nursing intervention was used by staff nurses.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, IV insertion frequency in experimental group infants was significantly lower and IV related complications decreased (p<.05).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the structured nursing intervention for caregivers on maintenance of intravenous infusions may have effects on maintenance of intravenous infusions in infants, and decreasing IV related complications. This nursing intervention can be used to improve IV related problems of admitted infants.

Citations

• Effects of nurse’s knowledge and self-efficacy on nursing performance in pediatric intravenous fluid management in South Korea: a descriptive study
  Se-Won Kim, Mi-Young Choi
  Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 288.     CrossRef
• Intravenous Infiltration Risk by Catheter Dwell Time Among Hospitalized Children
  Ihn Sook Jeong, Gey Rok Jeon, Man Seop Lee, Bum Joo Shin, Yong-Jin Kim, Soon Mi Park, Sookyung Hyun
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2017; 32: 47.     CrossRef
• Effect of Observation Window at Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Site on Early Recognition of Infiltration among Hospitalized Children
  Ihn Sook Jeong, Soon Mi Park, Kyung Ju Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(4): 534.     CrossRef
• Identification of Risk Factors for Intravenous Infiltration among Hospitalized Children: A Retrospective Study
  Soon Mi Park, Ihn Sook Jeong, Seong Sook Jun, Imti Choonara
  PLOS ONE.2016; 11(6): e0158045.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was designed to analyze recent trends in research about caregivers of hospitalized children in Korea and to suggest future research directions in this area.
METHODS
Eighty one studies selected from http://www.kan.or.kr, www.childnursing.or.kr, www.riss4u.net, and www.ndsl.kr published from 1995 to 2011 were used. The analysis framework of concepts was derived from client domain (Kim, 2000) and knowledge type (Kim et al., 2004).
RESULTS
In terms of research design, nonexperimental studies (82.7%) were the most frequent, followed by experimental studies (14.8%) and qualitative studies (2.5%). Mothers were the most frequent caregivers, and hospitalization was the most frequent health problem of the children. In terms of categories of the concepts, 35 (39.3%) studies included essentialistic concepts like coping and adaptation, 15 (16.9%) studies included problematic concepts like anxiety and uncertainty, and 39 (43.8%) studies included health-care experiential concepts like educational needs and nursing needs. In term of knowledge types, there were 35 (39.3%) studies of the explanatory knowledge type, 44 (49.5%) descriptive ones, and 10 (11.2%) prescriptive ones.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that further research is necessary on problematic concepts and prescriptive knowledge types for child health nursing practice which will lead to expanding nursing knowledge.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Fatigue in Mothers of Hospitalized Children
  Hee Seung Song
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 363.     CrossRef
• Development of an Instrument to Measure the Quality of Care through Patients’ Eyes for Hospitalized Child
  Haeryun Cho, Jina Oh, Dukyoo Jung
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(2): 131.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Performance of Hand Hygiene by Parents of Hospitalized Infants
  Su Jin Jin, Young Mi Song, Hye Young Han, Kyung Hwa Seo, Soon Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(4): 285.     CrossRef
• An Analysis of Nursing Research on Child Rearing in Korea.
  Dong Won Lee, In Soo Kwon
  Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(4): 264.     CrossRef