Purpose
This study aimed to identify distinct subjective viewpoints regarding the perceived effects of energy drink consumption among South Korean male high school students.
Methods
Using Q methodology, a concourse of statements was developed through interviews and literature reviews, and refined into 35 Q samples. Forty male high school students were recruited via snowball sampling to reflect diverse consumption patterns and attitudes. Participants sorted the Q samples using a forced distribution procedure. Data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program.
Results
Four distinct groups of male adolescents were identified based on their perceived effects of energy drink consumption: (1) effect-oriented experience sharers, (2) ambivalent recognizers of experience, (3) alternative-seeking evaluators, and (4) emotionally reactive responders. These groups’ perceptions were shaped by peer influence, personal consumption experiences, and levels of self-regulation.
Conclusion
By typifying the subjective perceptions of Korean male high school students regarding energy drink consumption, this study provides a foundational understanding of how adolescents interpret and respond to such health behaviors. These insights can guide the development of tailored health education programs that address the unique needs and attitudes of each group.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the health promotion behavior of school-aged children informed by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students from Seoul, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 13 to 31, 2023, using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included validated tools that measured health literacy, attitude toward health behaviors, social support, self-efficacy, and health promotion behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise multiple regression, using IBM SPSS/WIN ver. 29.0.
Results
The factors influencing the health promotion behavior of school-aged children were social support (β=.43, p<.001), attitude toward health behaviors (β=.27, p<.001), interest in health (high interest group) (β=.14, p=.003), self-efficacy (β=.13, p=.014), and health literacy (β=.10, p=.026). The explanatory power of the model was 63% (F=68.37, p<.001).
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, it is highly recommended to develop and apply health education and health promotion programs that consider health literacy, attitude toward health behaviors, social support, self-efficacy, and interest in health to foster school-aged children’s health promotion behavior.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the association among various adolescent problem behaviors in South Korea, focusing on gender differences.
Methods
This secondary analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, conducted in 2023 which included 52,880 middle and high school students in South Korea. They completed an anonymous self-administered survey regarding problem behaviors (drinking alcohol, smoking, drugs use, and sexual experiences). Data were analyzed using complex-samples chi-square and multiple logistic regression models.
Results
Among the 52,880 adolescents, the prevalence rates of alcohol use, smoking, drug use, and sexual experiences were 32.6%, 8.6%, 1.7%, and 6.5%, respectively. Gender differences were observed in alcohol use complex-samples multiple logistic regression models. However, no significant gender difference was found in drug use (p=.250). Four problem behaviors were significantly associated with one other when analyzed as independent variables (odds ratio [OR], 1.33–10.85). The strongest associations were found between alcohol use and smoking (OR, 10.49–10.85), and between smoking and sexual experiences (OR, 4.91–4.96).
Conclusion
This study found significant gender differences in adolescent problem behaviors, with male adolescents exhibiting higher rates of alcohol use, smoking, and sexual experience. Strong associations were observed between alcohol use and smoking, as well as between smoking and sexual experience. These findings suggest the need for integrated intervention strategies that target multiple co-occurring problem behaviors.

Purpose
This study explored the threat and efficacy factors influencing children’s eye health behaviors using an Extended Parallel Process Model for parents of preschool children.
Methods
Data were collected from October 30 to November 6, 2023, using a web-based survey. In total, 166 parents of preschool children participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multiple regression analyses. Parents’ eye health knowledge, eye health threat factors (perceived severity and susceptibility), and eye health efficacy factors (self-efficacy and response efficacy) related to preschoolers were measured. Eye health behavior was assessed by observing the children’s behavior over the past week.
Results
The eye health behaviors of preschool children were positively correlated with their parents’ eye health knowledge (r=.21, p=.006), perceived severity (r=.22, p=.004), response efficacy (r=.36, p<.001), and self-efficacy (r=.64, p<.001). Children’s eye health behavior showed a negative correlation with perceived susceptibility (r=-.27, p<.001). As seen on multiple regression analysis, the factor influencing children’s eye health behavior was self-efficacy (β=.57, p<.001), and the model’s explanatory power was approximately 43% (F=24.09, p<.001).
Conclusion
To promote eye health behavior in preschool children, it is necessary to strengthen the self-efficacy of parents. The results of this study can be used to develop eye health programs for preschool children and their parents.

Purpose
The majority of adolescents use smartphones, and their overdependence on smartphones has emerged as a serious social issue. Although studies have explored the effect of smartphone overdependence on adolescent problem behaviors, research on its influence on sexual behavior is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between smartphone overdependence and sexual behavior among adolescents.
Methods
This study used data from the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey conducted in 2023. Smartphone overdependence was the independent variable, and sexual behaviors (sexual intercourse and contraceptive use) were the dependent variables. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to control for confounding variables.
Results
The study participants included 52,880 adolescents aged 13–18 years. Among them, 28.0% (n=14,672) were classified as smartphone overdependent, 6.5% (n=3,349) had sexual experience, and 65% (n=2,182) of those with sexual experience reported using contraception. Smartphone overdependence was not significantly associated with sexual experience but was significantly associated with contraceptive use. Adolescents in the non-overdependent group were 1.27 times more likely to use contraception than those in the smartphone overdependent group (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.52; p<.007).
Conclusion
The findings highlight a significant association between smartphone overdependence and contraceptive use among adolescents. Policy interventions and educational strategies that consider adolescents’ smartphone usage patterns and trait factors are necessary.

Citations

• Adolescent Smartphone Overdependence in South Korea: A Place-Stratified Evaluation of Conceptually Informed AI/ML Modeling
  Andrew H. Kim, Uibin Lee, Yohan Cho, Sangmi Kim, Vatsal Shah
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2025; 22(10): 1515.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study explored the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and school factors, following the socioecological model, associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Korean high-school students.
Methods
A total of 231 students from first to third grade, aged 15–18 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors.
Results
Among the intrapersonal factors, fast-food consumption (β=0.13, t=1.97, p=.050) and habit strength of SSB consumption were positively associated (β=0.35, t=4.30, p<.001), and sleep duration was negatively associated with SSB consumption (β=–0.14, t=–2.02, p=.045). Among interpersonal factors, perceived SSB consumption by peers was positively associated (β=0.30, t=4.93, p<.001), and among school factors, vending machines at school (β=0.13, t=2.07, p=.039) and supermarkets and convenience stores near schools were positively associated with SSB consumption (β=0.17, t=2.87, p=.005).
Conclusion
School nurses should propose policies and interventions that consider the multilevel factors to reduce SSB consumption in adolescents.

Purpose
To identify the childbearing intentions of young adults in South Korea and examine the factors influencing them using a social-ecological model (SEM).
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Unmarried employed men and women (n=181) aged 25–40 years completed an online survey. The data included socio-demographic characteristics and responses at four levels: (1) intrapersonal (perception of parenthood and fertility knowledge), (2) interpersonal (quality of family relationships), (3) institutional (work-family culture), and (4) community and public policy (adequacy of government policies and social support systems). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple logistic regression.
Results
Approximately 77% of the participants planned to have children, and more than 60% wanted to have two or more children. Among the four levels of SEM, only intrapersonal factors, including intention to marry, fertility knowledge, and attitudes toward parenthood, were statistically significant in influencing childbearing intentions. The model explaining the intention to have a child demonstrated an explanatory power of 59.6%, incorporating factors such as marital intention, perceptions of parenthood, and fertility knowledge.
Conclusion
A noticeable gap exists between childbearing intentions and childbirth in South Korea. These findings provide insights into the nursing educational content needed for delivering family planning education to young adults. Targeted interventions such as counseling services and community education should be integrated into nursing practice. Moreover, nursing curricula should discuss factors influencing childbearing intentions to equip future nurses better to support young adults' family planning decisions.

Purpose
The study investigated the relationships between key variables, including the level of parenting knowledge, acculturative stress, depression, and the strengths and difficulties associated with their children’s emotions and behavior, among North Korean refugee mothers who faced the challenging task of adapting to Korean society while raising their children.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from 130 North Korean refugee mothers between September and November 2023.
Results
The participants had very limited parenting knowledge, and 82.3% of them scored 21 or higher on the depression scale used in community epidemiological studies. Higher levels of parenting knowledge and lower levels of depression were associated with lower levels of acculturative stress. Moreover, higher levels of depression were associated with more emotional and behavioral difficulties in children. Maternal depression, age, and employment status were identified as factors that influenced emotional and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of providing parent education and mental health support programs for North Korean refugee families in order to improve parents' parenting skills and emotional well-being.

Citations

• A Phenomenological Study on the Perceived Quality of Life Among Older Female North Korean Refugees in South Korea
  Myeonghee Kim, Soochan Choi, Jeongsu Lim
  Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies.2025; : 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents.
Methods
Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflict with peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46).
Conclusion
The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
  Hyeongyeong Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225.     CrossRef
• Excessive smartphone use, smartphone dependency and body image distortion in Korean adolescents
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 58.     CrossRef
• Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Short Smartphone Stress Scale for Adolescents
  Ali Geriş, Erol Esen
  Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education.2025; 14(3): 845.     CrossRef
• Adolescent Smartphone Overdependence in South Korea: A Place-Stratified Evaluation of Conceptually Informed AI/ML Modeling
  Andrew H. Kim, Uibin Lee, Yohan Cho, Sangmi Kim, Vatsal Shah
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2025; 22(10): 1515.     CrossRef
• Psychosocial Pathways to Smartphone Overdependence in Adolescence: A Multi-Group Path Analysis of Early vs. Late Adolescents
  Yeseul Jeon, Sohyun Woo, Seunghee Seo
  Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2025; 34(Special Is): 47.     CrossRef
• Validity, reproducibility, and reliability of the Brazilian version of the smartphone addiction scale-short version in children
  Rafael Vieira Martins, Eliane Denise Araújo Bacil, Michael Pereira da Silva, Wagner de Campos
  Revista Paulista de Pediatria.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the general characteristics and health behaviors of students with non-therapeutic substance use.
Methods
This secondary data analysis used data from the 17th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2021). Analyses of the 54,848 adolescents used descriptive statistics, the Rao–Scott χ2 test, and logistic regression.
Results
The risk factors for substance use among students were anxiety, loneliness, living separately from family, suicidal ideation, e-cigarette use, and high stress.
Conclusion
The findings help identify the risk factors for non-therapeutic drug use among adolescents. Since South Korea does not have a drug prevention program for its adolescent population, an educational plan based on these findings could help prevent adolescent substance abuse.

Citations

• Unmasking the burden of mental health symptoms and risk behaviors in Vietnamese adolescents: evidence from a multicenter cross-sectional study involving 2,631 high school students
  Truc Thanh Thai, Hong-Tuyet Vo Le, Trang Thi Nguyen, Ngon Van Dinh, Xuan Le Mai, Hoai-Thuong Thi Tran, Ngoc-Bich Thi Nguyen, Khanh-Ha Mai Huynh, Thu-An Thi Nguyen, Hy-Han Thi Bui, Minh Cuong Duong
  Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Associated With Habitual Drug Use Among Adolescents: A Secondary Data Analysis
  Dong-Hee Kim, Yujin Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2025; 19(1): 78.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Risk Factors for Habitual Substance Use Among Adolescents in Korea by Maternal Nationality: Analysis of 18th and 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2022 and 2023)
  Hyeon Ok Ju, So Yeon Park
  Children.2025; 12(4): 458.     CrossRef
• Behavioral, Psychological, and Physical Predictors of Adolescent Drug Use in South Korea: Insights Obtained Using Machine Learning
  Jun-hee Kim
  International Journal of Mental Health and Addicti.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Addictive Behaviors and Mental Health Among Korean Adolescents: A Gender Comparison
  Jaeyoung Lee
  Journal of Korean Maternal and Child Health.2025; 29(2): 74.     CrossRef
• Gender differences in the associations among adolescent problem behaviors: a secondary data analysis of the 2023 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  Jaeyoung Lee, So Yeon Park
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(3): 155.     CrossRef
• Problems in Studying Factors Affecting the Rehabilitation of People With Substance Use Disorders in South Korea
  Se-Ho Jang, Mi-Kyeong Jung, Jun-Ki Chung
  International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Depression on the Relationship between Loneliness and Substance Use in Korean Adolescents
  Hyesun Kim
  Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(3): 241.     CrossRef
• Protecting our future: environmental hazards and children’s health in the face of environmental threats: a comprehensive overview
  Jungha Lee, Hyo-Bin Kim, Hun-Jong Jung, Myunghee Chung, So Eun Park, Kon-Hee Lee, Won Seop Kim, Jin-Hwa Moon, Jung Won Lee, Jae Won Shim, Sang Soo Lee, Yunkoo Kang, Young Yoo
  Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(11): 589.     CrossRef

Purpose
Adolescent self-harm is a public health problem. Research suggests a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-destructive behaviors. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of ACEs on self-harm among Asian adolescents. This study explored the association between lifetime ACEs and a history of self-harm among Korean children and adolescents in elementary, middle, and high schools.
Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review was conducted on a dataset of a national psychiatrist advisory service for school counselors who participated in the Wee Doctor Service from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to predict self-harm.
Results
Student cases (n=171) were referred to psychiatrists by school counselors for remote consultation. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of self-harm were higher among high school students (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.94-12.76), those with two or more ACEs (aOR=3.27; 95% CI=1.43-7.47), and those with depression (aOR=3.06; 95% CI=1.32-7.10).
Conclusion
The study's findings provide compelling evidence that exposure to ACEs can increase vulnerability to self-harm among Korean students. Students with a history of ACEs and depression, as well as high school students, require increased attention during counseling. School counselors can benefit from incorporating screening assessment tools that include questions related to ACEs and depression. Establishing a systematic referral system to connect students with experts can enhance the likelihood of identifying self-harm tendencies and offering the essential support to prevent self-harm.

Citations

• Adverse childhood experiences and health-related outcomes in early adulthood: Evidence from the Korean Welfare Panel Study
  Changyong Choi, Joshua P. Mersky
  Children and Youth Services Review.2025; 170: 108158.     CrossRef
• The Gender Distribution and Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Hospital-Presenting Self-Injury: Analysis from the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-Depth Injury Survey
  Meekang Sung, S. V. Subramanian, Rockli Kim
  Archives of Suicide Research.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review
  Ji Yeon Lee, Ick-Joong Chung, Yoo jung Nam
  Child Indicators Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Global burden of all cause-specific injuries among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019: a prospective cohort study
  Cong Li, Jinghua Jiao, Guangyao Hua, Gantugs Yundendorj, Shunming Liu, Honghua Yu, Lijun Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Lei Liu
  International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(4): 2092.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting parents' intentions to have their children aged 5-11 years vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
The participants of the study were 298 parents with children aged 5-11 years in South Korea. Data collection took place from October 20 to October 26, 2022 and used an online survey (Google Forms). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression in IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The factors influencing participants' vaccination intentions for their children aged 5-11 years were cognitive behavioral control (β=.40, p<.001), attitudes (β=.37, p<.001), subjective norms (β=.20, p<.001), and awareness of whether their child could receive the COVID-19 vaccine (β=.07, p=.016). The explanatory power of the regression equation was 89%.
Conclusion
Parents' intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 are influenced by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control toward vaccines. Since parents are concerned about vaccine side effects, it is important to establish a trusted line of communication to keep them informed about vaccinations.

Purpose
Based on the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study investigated how age group (adolescence and emerging adulthood) moderated the relative effects of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and subjective norms on preventive behavior against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
This secondary data analysis utilized data from adolescents (n=272) and emerging adults (n=239). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the moderating effect of age group on the relationships among variables.
Results
Higher perceived susceptibility (β=.21, p<.001), perceived severity (β=.14, p=.002), subjective norms (friends) (β=.26, p<.001), subjective norms (parents) (β=.44, p<.001), and subjective norms (schools) (β=.28, p<.001) enhanced COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderated regression analysis showed that subjective norms (friends and school) impacted preventive behavior in adolescents more than in emerging adults.
Conclusion
Given the need to increase perceived susceptibility and severity among adolescents and emerging adults, these findings provide baseline data for designing effective COVID-19 prevention interventions that consider the developmental characteristics of different age groups. Interventions by health centers at universities can strengthen COVID-19 preventive behavior among emerging adults. As adolescents are influenced by friends, their peer roles must be strengthened to enhance adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines.

Citations

• Predicting cybersecurity behaviors in the metaverse through the lenses of TTAT and TPB: a hybrid SEM-ANN approach
  Rawan A. Alsharida, Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy, Mostafa Al-Emran, Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, Anazida Zainal
  Online Information Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Enhancing First Aid Intention Among Chinese University Students: The Role of Physical Education Curriculum, Self-Efficacy, and Social Norms
  Zhiyu Leng, Jianmin Shi, Jianheng Tian, Rong Li, Na Meng
  Sage Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theory of Planned Behaviour and Sexting Intention of College Student
  Arta Dodaj, Kristina Sesar, Lucijana Bošnjak, Martina Vučić
  Emerging Adulthood.2024; 12(2): 163.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with the COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions of young adults in the United States
  Hyunmin Yu, Stephen Bonett, Ufuoma Oyiborhoro, Subhash Aryal, Melanie Kornides, Karen Glanz, Antonia Villarruel, José Bauermeister
  Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Related to the COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Six Middle and High Schools in Korea
  Shinae Lee, Gye-Hyun Jung, Hye-Young Song
  Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2779.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to comprehensively explore the associations of socioeconomic status, parenting style, and grit with children's health behaviors.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 1,040 parents and their children using data from the 2018 Korean Children's Panel Survey. Socioeconomic status was measured in terms of household income and subjective socioeconomic status. Parenting style and grit and were measured using 62 and 8 items, respectively. Health behaviors were measured by assessing healthy eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior.
Results
Higher household income (β=.07, p=.018) and high maternal levels of an authoritative parenting style (β=.20, p<.001) were associated with higher compliance with healthy eating habits among children. Higher grit was associated with a higher number of weekly physical activity days (β=.08, p=.028) and sedentary behavior for <2 hours (odds ratio [OR]=1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01-1.07) in children. A maternal permissive parenting style was associated with sedentary behavior for >2 hours on weekdays (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69).
Conclusion
We suggest that when planning interventions to improve children's health behavior, it is essential to adopt a multifaceted approach that avoids practicing a maternal permissive parenting style, promotes an authoritative parenting style, and incorporates strategies to increase children's grit.

Citations

• Longitudinal Relations Between Maternal Parenting Styles and Preschoolers’ Externalizing Problem Behaviors: A Chain Mediation Model
  Linlin Liang, Ni Zhang, Wen Liu, Linlin Lin, Xue Zhang
  Child & Youth Care Forum.2025; 54(2): 453.     CrossRef
• The Evolving Role of Grit: Shifts in Depression Risk Among High- and Low-Grit Individuals During COVID-19
  Nicholas Lassi
  Healthcare.2025; 13(7): 793.     CrossRef
• Association between the urine tobacco metabolite levels and physical health in Chinese primary school students with secondhand smoke exposure
  Menghan Cheng, Miao Zhang, Wen Fang, Hong Qin, Yue Pan, Shengyi Chen, Guiqi Cao, Yao Zhang, Yu Lu
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parenting practices and adolescents’ mental health: Serial mediation by parental acceptance and adolescents’ grit
  Glen Johan Ri Young Lim, Shin Ling Wu, Chin Choo Yap, Pei Jun Woo
  Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2024; 19(1): 198.     CrossRef
• Associations of Broader Parental Factors with Children’s Happiness and Weight Status through Child Food Intake, Physical Activity, and Screen Time: A Longitudinal Modeling Analysis of South Korean Families
  Kay W. Kim, Jan L. Wallander, Bokyung Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2024; 21(2): 176.     CrossRef
• Father-child attachment on children’s screen time: mediating role of ego resilience
  Hwa-Mi Yang, Hye-Ryoung Kim
  BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Socioeconomic status and health behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review
  Nirmal Gautam, Getenet Dessie, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Rasheda Khanam
  Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population.
Methods
Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0).
Results
Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77~0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75~0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71~0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75~0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74~0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior.
Conclusion
For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.

Citations

• A cluster randomized trial comparing photoaging app and school based educational intervention for tobacco use prevention in adolescents
  Tamadhir Al-Mahrouqi, Fida Al-Ghailani, Maryam Al-Maqbali, Maather Al Saidi, Gowda Parameshwara Prashanth
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Latent Structure of Past 12-Month Tobacco Use in Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health: Examining for Differential Substructure by Generational Status
  James S. Clifford, Ronaldo T. Williams, Caitlyn Hall, Fernanda Moya Quezada, Courtney T. Blondino
  Substance Use & Misuse.2025; 60(8): 1173.     CrossRef
• Co-design of the ‘OurFutures Vaping’ programme: a school-based eHealth intervention to prevent e-cigarette use
  Lauren A Gardner, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Emily Stockings, Lyra Egan, Annabelle Hawkins, Kathleen Blackburn, Maree Teesson, Katrina E Champion, Nicola C Newton
  Health Promotion International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The OurFutures Vaping eHealth intervention to prevent e-cigarette use among adolescent students in Australia: a cluster randomised controlled trial
  Lauren A Gardner, Nicola C Newton, Amy-Leigh Rowe, Siobhan O’Dean, Maree Teesson, Leanne Hides, Nyanda McBride, Matthew Sunderland, Becky Freeman, Lyra Egan, Annabelle Hawkins, Rhiannon Ellem, Amra Catakovic, Elise Caradmone, Chloe Alcorn, Kathleen Blackb
  The Lancet Public Health.2025; 10(8): e682.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Web-Based Educational Software on Smoking Addiction: A Study on High School Students' Knowledge and Emotional Development
  Merve Çetin, Mehmet Tekdal
  Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi.2025; 33(3): 632.     CrossRef
• Tobacco smoking, second‐hand smoking exposure in relation to psychotic‐like experiences in adolescents
  Dongfang Wang, Zijuan Ma, Yunge Fan, Huilin Chen, Meng Sun, Fang Fan
  Early Intervention in Psychiatry.2024; 18(2): 102.     CrossRef
• Adolescent’s explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes
  Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W. Stacy
  The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.2024; 50(3): 401.     CrossRef
• Tobacco cessation, anti-tobacco education, and smoke-free schools: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey
  Willie Rajvong, Yelena Tarasenko, Angela Ciobanu
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2024; 10(November): 1.     CrossRef
• Determinants of ever smoking and active smoking among school-aged children in Jeddah
  Ahlam Mazi
  Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences.2023; 18(5): 1124.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Factors Influencing Smoking in Multicultural Youths in Korea
  Jin-Hee Park, Mi-Jin Kim, Hee-Joo Lee
  Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1437.     CrossRef
• Comparisons between young adult waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers’ reactions to pictorial health warning labels in Lebanon: a randomized crossover experimental study
  R Jebai, T Asfar, R Nakkash, S Chehab, M Schmidt, W Wu, Z Bursac, W Maziak
  Health Education Research.2023; 38(6): 537.     CrossRef
• Prevention of tobacco use in an adolescent population through a multi-personal intervention model
  Francisco Carrión-Valero, Joan Antoni Ribera-Osca, Jose M Martin-Moreno, Alejandro Martin-Gorgojo
  Tobacco Prevention & Cessation.2023; 9(December): 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility.
Methods
A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results
Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased.
Conclusion
The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.

Citations

• Development and pilot evaluation of a theory-based self-care program for late school-aged children with atopic dermatitis: a quasi-experimental study in South Korea
  Da-Jeong Kum, Kyung-Sook Bang
  Child Health Nursing Research.2026; 32(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Communicating physical activity messages with adolescents: what works? A scoping review with stakeholder consultation
  Caera L Grady, Elaine Murtagh, Kwok Ng, Enrique García Bengoechea, Catherine B Woods
  International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and .2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Health self-management programs for adolescents and young adults with chronic medical condition transitioning from pediatric to adult care: a scoping review
  Yi Qi, Lin Xia, Yifan Chen, Ting Yi, Yiwen Hu, Ziling Xie, Yan Wang, Chaoqun Dong
  European Journal of Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theory-Based Mobile Self-Management Interventions and Behavior Change Techniques for Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Scoping Review
  Heeae Moon, Sun-Kyung Hwang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(4): 368.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of the information-motivation-behavioural skills model-based human immunodeficiency virus education kit for adolescents in Malaysia
  Wan Nur Syamimi Wan Mohamad Darani, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Xin Wee Chen
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Healthier School Systems for Learners: Government Role in Fostering Holistic Interventions
  Nsikakabasi Samuel George, Deborah Oluwaseun Shomuyiwa, Molly Unoh Ogbodum, Francis Ima Imoke, Alicja Domagała
  Journal of Education and Community Health.2024; 11(2): 112.     CrossRef

Purpose
Community child centers (CCCs) were introduced to provide after-school activities and care, including meal services to children from low-income families. The assistant cooks, who have the main responsibility for making and serving food at CCCs, are a major factor influencing the eating habits of children using CCCs. In this study, we tried to identify and understand who the assistant cooks are, what their job responsibilities are, and what they need in order to be able to provide children with healthy meals.
Methods
Three focus group interviews were held with 17 workfare program participants who worked as assistant cooks at CCCs, and content analysis methods were applied using the NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.
Results
The assistant cooks reflected on their perceptions of the children's health at the CCCs, their own cooking style, and their role at the CCCs. Additionally, barriers to the optimal provision of their services were pointed out, and improvements were suggested.
Conclusion
The results of this study can be used as a fundamental resource for the development of tailored interventions that consider a child's unique environment to address health disparities, specifically with respect to childhood obesity.

Citations

• Diet-Related Disparities and Childcare Food Environments for Vulnerable Children in South Korea: A Mixed-Methods Study
  Jiyoung Park, Seolhyang Baek, Gahui Hwang, Chongwon Park, Sein Hwang
  Nutrients.2023; 15(8): 1940.     CrossRef
• An Interactive Live and Online Cooking Program for Children in Vulnerable Families—An Exploratory Study
  Jiyoung Park, Sein Hwang, Seolhyang Baek, Gill A. Ten Hoor
  Healthcare.2022; 10(12): 2389.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based follow-up program on parenting stress, parenting efficacy, and coping among parents with premature infants.
Methods
A non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. This program consisted of structured home visits and self-help group meetings for 6 months. The experimental group (n=29) received visits by an experienced neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse and the control group (n=27) was visited by a visiting nurse. Data were analyzed using the x² test, t-test, and analysis of covariance.
Results
Parents' coping behavior significantly differed in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=3.14, p=.003). In particular, coping subscale I, for maintaining the family situation (t=2.63, p=.011), and subscale III, for understanding the infant's medical situation (t=4.30, p<.001), showed significant differences in the experimental group. There were no significant between-group differences in parenting stress or parenting efficacy.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that home visits by an experienced NICU nurse provided through a community-based follow-up program were an effective intervention to improve coping behavior among parents with premature infants.

Citations

• A national survey of neonatal community outreach practices in England, Wales and Scotland
  Chuen Wai Lee, Janine Snook, Burak Salgin
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2025; 31(6): 101744.     CrossRef
• A Mobile Health App (mHealth)-Based Post-NICU Discharge Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants
  Han Na Lee, So Jin Lee, Yun Kyeong Lee, Haeryun Cho
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Health education for preterm infants families during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of Indonesian nurses: A qualitative descriptive study
  Herlina, Yeni Rustina, Dessie Wanda
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2024; 30(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Best Practices to Support Maternal Mental Health During the Transition from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home
  Jazmin D. Ramirez, Danielle Altares Sarik, Yui Matsuda, Joy Ortiz
  Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America.2024; 36(2): 261.     CrossRef
• The effects of a hospital-to-home care transition program on perceived stress and readiness for hospital discharge in mothers of children with congenital heart disease undergoing corrective surgery
  Zohre Komijani, Meimanat Hosseini, Malihe Nasiri, Parvaneh Vasli
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: e66.     CrossRef
• Effective stress intervention programs for parents of premature children: A systematic review
  Melissa Liher Martínez‐Shaw, Yolanda Sánchez‐Sandoval
  Stress and Health.2023; 39(2): 236.     CrossRef
• Improving the self-efficacy of caregivers of children with seizures using evidence-based practice
  Malorie Brooks, Natalie Palau
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2023; 73: 53.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of Mobile-Application-Based Parenting Support Program for Premature Infants’ Mothers
  Hye Young Ahn, Hyun Jeong Ko, Hee Jee Jo
  Healthcare.2023; 11(19): 2639.     CrossRef
• Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eun Sun Ji, Jinhee Choi, Kaka Shim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(4): 256.     CrossRef
• Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge
  Thao Griffith, Anamika Singh, Margaret Naber, Patricia Hummel, Caroline Bartholomew, Sachin Amin, Rosemary White-Traut, Lindsey Garfield
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 67: e135.     CrossRef
• Parenting experiences of mothers of moderate-to-late preterm children in South Korea: a qualitative study
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(4): 247.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate internet addiction among middle school students and to examine the mediating effects of social support in the relationships of self-efficacy and self-control with internet addiction.
Methods
The participants in the study were 119 middle school students in J city. The measurements included a self-efficacy scale, a self-control scale, a social support scale, and the Internet Addiction Scale for Youth. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple-regression using SPSS version 22.0. Mediation effects were analyzed by the Sobel test and Baron and Kenny's hierarchical analysis technique.
Results
Significant correlations were found among self-efficacy, self-control, and internet addiction. Social support had partial mediating effects in the relationship between self-efficacy and internet addiction, as well as in the relationship between self-control and internet addition.
Conclusion
In order to prevent internet addiction, the promotion of interactions among peers, which is a component of social support, is particularly important. It is also necessary to promote face-to-face activities that can strengthen relationships. The findings suggest that intensifying social support may help reduce the level of internet addiction in middle school students.

Citations

• Smartphone Application-Based Addiction, Short Video Addiction, and Short Video Flow among Physical Education Majors: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Zeynep Dinç, Leyla Saraç
  Osmangazi Journal of Educational Research.2026; 12((Special I): 41.     CrossRef
• The impact of internet addiction on non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a moderated chain mediation model
  Changjiao Wei, Xiaofei Dong
  Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A meta-analysis of self-regulation and digital recreation from birth to adolescence
  Steven J. Howard, Nicole Hayes, Sumudu Mallawaarachchi, Daniel Johnson, Cathrine Neilsen-Hewett, Janelle Mackenzie, Laura A. Bentley, Sonia L.J. White
  Computers in Human Behavior.2025; 163: 108472.     CrossRef
• Internet Addiction of College Students: An Overview of Psychological Causes
  琳 赵
  Advances in Psychology.2025; 15(01): 15.     CrossRef
• Relationship between academic procrastination and internet addiction in Peruvian university students: the mediating role of academic self-efficacy
  Dana Rocio Chavez-Yacolca, Ruth Beatriz Castro-Champión, Nely Marlene Cisneros-Gonzales, Denis Frank Cunza-Aranzábal, Mardel Morales-García, Carlos D. Abanto-Ramírez
  Frontiers in Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theoretical Perspectives on Adolescent Internet Addiction: A Comprehensive Literature Review
  Yishan Jin, Shan Jiang, Chunkai Li
  Health & Social Care in the Community.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Role of Independent Living Workers in How Youth in Care Access and Utilize Technology
  Dana M. Reiss, Marlo A. Perry, Rebecca J. Gomez, Camie Tomlinson, Naomi Reddish
  Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTENİN KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞININ ARACILIK ROLÜ
  İlknur Sayan
  Akademik Hassasiyetler.2025; 12(27): 237.     CrossRef
• Investigating the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between self-efficacy, happiness, social support, and Internet addiction in adolescents
  Tuba Bağatarhan
  Current Psychology.2025; 44(12): 11591.     CrossRef
• The association between internet use on depression among rural-to-urban migrants: The role of sense of gain and intergenerational support
  Xiaohan Yang, Yijie Wang
  Acta Psychologica.2025; 258: 105150.     CrossRef
• The effect of social support on learning engagement among Chinese nursing interns: the mediating role of self-efficacy
  Liping Wu, Yan Chen, Meiqin Xue, Weiyi Zhu, Wei Wang
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Problematic internet use, the behavioral activation system/behavioral inhibition system, and self-control in children and adolescents: A network analysis
  Hui Zhou, Xinyi Xing, Jiaqi Zhang, Guangteng Meng, Kesong Hu, Ping Wei, Manqi Chen, Jing Xiao, Qi Li
  Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.2025; 101: 101881.     CrossRef
• Effects of Game-Related Tasks for the Diagnosis and Classification of Gaming Disorder
  Jeongbong Choi, Youngseok Choi, Young-Chul Jung, Jeyeon Lee, Jongshill Lee, Eunkyoung Park, In Young Kim
  Biosensors.2024; 14(1): 42.     CrossRef
• The Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy on Pregnancy Stress and Smartphone Addiction of Pregnant Women in Late Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study
  Di Ma, Bingfen Li, Xiaoyan Liu, Ying Sun, Jingli Sun
  Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 41.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy in the Relationship Between Parental Communication and Digital Addiction
  Tuba Bağatarhan, Diğdem Müge Siyez
  Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior T.2024; 42(4): 830.     CrossRef
• Preventive Interventions for Internet Addiction in Young Children: Systematic Review
  Yansen Theopilus, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Hilary Davis, Johanna Renny Octavia
  JMIR Mental Health.2024; 11: e56896.     CrossRef
• Low self-control, perceived social support and internet gaming addiction: findings from an ethnicity minority region in China
  Cui Meng, Li Quancai, Cui Kunjie, Xin Yanyu, Lama Wencai, Xia Yiwei
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Social Interaction and Online Learning Efficiency for Middle School Students: The Mediating Role of Social Presence and Learning Engagement
  Fangfang Gao, Chunzhen Wang, Han Xie, Jianzhong Hong
  Behavioral Sciences.2024; 14(10): 896.     CrossRef
• Maternal and paternal harsh parenting and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents: examining a multiple mediation model
  Xiujuan Yang, Ling Lin, Wen Feng, Pei Liu, Nana Liang, Zhenpeng Xue, Yuejiao Ma, Yuan Shen, Wenwen Yu, Jianping Lu, Jianbo Liu
  Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between internet attitude and internet self-efficacy: ICT competence and network interaction as mediators
  Di Wu, Xiao Yang, Chun Lu, Miaoyun Li, Meiqian Wang, Wei Yang
  Children and Youth Services Review.2023; 149: 106916.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Academic Adaptability on Learning Burnout Among College Students: The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and the Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy
  Chumei Chen, Yuanyi Shen, Yujie Zhu, Fanghao Xiao, Jiawen Zhang, Jianchao Ni
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2023; Volume 16: 1615.     CrossRef
• Protocol for an observational cohort study on psychological, addictive, lifestyle behavior and highly prevalent affective disorders in primary health care adults
  Fátima Méndez-López, Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez, Marta Domínguez-García, Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno, Isabel Rabanaque, Rosa Magallón-Botaya
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Depressive and Anxious Symptoms Increase with Problematic Technologies Use Among Adults: The Effects of Personal Factors Related to Health Behavior
  Fátima Méndez-López, Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez, Marta Domínguez García, Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo, Olaya Tamayo-Morales, Rosa Magallón-Botaya
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2023; Volume 16: 2499.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal relationships between school assets, traditional bullying, and internet gaming disorder: the role of self-control and intentional self-regulation among Chinese adolescents
  Ke-Nan Qin, Xiong Gan
  Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• COVID-19 victimization experience and university students’ smartphone addiction: the mediating role of emotional intelligence
  Hongxia Chen, Hong-xin Zhang
  BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-control between physical activity and Internet addiction among Chinese college students
  Zhihao Du, Xiuli Zhang
  Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effect of COVID-19 Perceived Risk on Internet Addiction among College Students in China: An Empirical Study Based on the Structural Equation Model
  Ling Pan, Jun Li, Ziao Hu, Henan Wu
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(20): 13377.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors-both infant-related and maternal-associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design and included 163 mothers of infants aged 2~12 months. Of the 180 self-reported questionnaires that were distributed, 163 (91%) were included in the data analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among the mothers.
Results
Infant’s temperament (β=-.17, p=.035), mother’s body mass index (β=-.16, p=.048), and concern about the infant being underweight (β=.30, p=.001) were associated with pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 19.2%.
Conclusion
Educational programs should be developed for improving mother’s awareness of cues from infants with difficult temperament. In addition, educational interventions regarding the correct evaluation of infant’s weight are needed to relieve mother’s concern about their infant’s being underweight. These interventions might be helpful to reduce the prevalence of pressure to eat as a feeding practice among mothers with infants.

Citations

• Evaluation of a Mobile-based Maternal Feeding Education Program for Overweight Prevention in Infants
  Jin Suk Ra
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(2): 136.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to test a model for intention to discontinuation drinking high caffeinated beverages among undergraduate students. This model was based on the Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior and Becker’s health belief model.
Methods
Participants consisted of 201 undergraduate students. Data were collected by questionnaires from March 11 to May 24, 2019. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0, AMOS 22.0 program.
Results
The assessment of the model indicated an acceptable fit (normed x²=1.65, goodness-of-fit index [GFI]=.83, adjusted GFI=.79, comparative fit index [CFI]=.92, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR]=.05, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI]=.91, normed fit index [NFI]=.87, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=.07). Perceived behavior control, subjective norm, the subjective attitude was found to have a significant direct effect on the intention to discontinuation of drinking a high caffeinated beverage. The variances of this model explained 45.3% of the variance in intention to discontinuation of drinking a high caffeinated beverage.
Conclusion
These results suggest that a need to increase awareness of adverse effects and potential risks of high caffeinated beverage consumption in undergraduate students. Besides, the university and government should provide education and campaigns to prevent excessive high-caffeinated beverage consumption.

Citations

• Association Between Self-Perceived Oral Health, Stress, and Oral Symptoms in South Korean University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Jinhyoung Jeong, Wooyoung Jeong, Yuyeon Jung
  Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 984.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting health behaviors in late school-aged children from multicultural families.
Methods
This study included 401 children (112 from multicultural families and 289 from non-multicultural backgrounds) in grades 4~6 in 11 elementary schools. Data on health behaviors and related factors (school adjustment, the mother-child relationship, self-efficacy, etc.) were collected from the children using self-reported questionnaires between May and June in 2019. The collected data were analyzed through a univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The health behavior score of multicultural children was lower than that of non-multicultural children (t=3.32, p=.001). In multicultural children, school adjustment (β=.55, p<.001), mother-child relationship (β=.25, p=.001), and perceived health status (very healthy=1; β=.19, p=.011) were significant factors affecting their health behavior and explained 47.0% (F=30.93, p<.001) of the variance.
Conclusion
Multicultural late school-aged children are at risk to engage in a lower level of health behaviors than their non-multicultural counterparts. More attention should be paid to ways of improving multicultural children’s perceptions of their health status, maternal relationships, and school adjustment in order to promote health behaviors.

Citations

• The Moderating Effect of South Korean Children’s Encounter with Children from Multicultural Families on the Relationship between Their Fathers' Perception of Multicultural Families and Their Racial Awareness
  Juan Ouyang, Kyung Eun Jahng
  Child Indicators Research.2021; 14(6): 2197.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory.
Methods
From July 19 to August 31, 2017, 460 questionnaires were distributed to fifth and sixth graders at three elementary schools in Korea, of which 318 were ultimately analyzed.
Results
All the fit indices were shown to be appropriate, indicating satisfactory fit. In the final model, six of the nine paths included in the hypothetical model were supported. Specifically, perceived behavioral control had the most influence on intention, followed by subjective norms, self-esteem, and health knowledge. Intentions were the most influential factor for health-promoting behaviors, followed by self-esteem and health knowledge. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-esteem explained 57.6% of intention to engage in health promotion behaviors and 61.7% of variation in health promotion behaviors was explained by health knowledge, self-esteem and intention.
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide support for a model that can be used to facilitate the practice of health promotion activities in children in the later years of school age.

Citations

• Exploring waste separation using an extended theory of planned behavior: a comparison between adults and children
  Ji Pan, Pingping Liu
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Health Intentions and Health-promoting Behavior on Selfesteem among School-aged Children in South Korea
  Jin Kim, Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Current Pediatric Reviews.2023; 19(3): 304.     CrossRef

Purpose
Study purpose was to describe the child safety injury experiences, injury prevention behaviors and educational needs of immigrant Vietnamese women on Jeju Island, and to explore associations among those factors.
Methods
A descriptive correlational study was conducted using structured questionnaires to collect data from immigrant Vietnamese women who visited a multicultural centers on Jeju Island from January to April, 2017.
Results
Data from 60 women were analyzed. They were 28.2±5.5 years old, had resided in Korea for 40.6±31.1 months, and had 1.5±0.6 children on average. In total, 51.7% had previous injury prevention education, 68.2% had experienced child safety injuries, and 95.0% wanted to receive education on how to prevent child safety injuries. The mean total score of child injury prevention behaviors was 27.33±17.79, and that variable was associated with a longer duration of formal education (t=2.41, p=.021) and with women’s experiences of child safety injury (t=5.97, p<.001).
Conclusion
Immigrant Vietnamese women experienced a higher frequency of child safety injuries and needed educational opportunities to prevent these injuries. Further research is necessary to develop the essential content and effective methods for education on child safety injury prevention among this unique multicultural population.

Citations

• A Phenomenological Study on Vietnamese Immigrant Mothers Married to Koreans’ Parenting Experience in Preventing Infant Accidents and Injuries
  Mi-Seon Kim, Mi Hye Kim, Sunhwa Park
  Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 99.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems.
Methods
This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated.
Results
The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (x2=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001).
Conclusion
These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.

Citations

• Alcohol use and binge drinking in baccalaureate nursing students: A descriptive study
  Lisa A. Ruth-Sahd, Melissa A. Schneider
  Journal of Professional Nursing.2022; 38: 114.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted using the theory of planned behavior to analyze factors influencing mothers' intention to vaccinate their children against hepatitis A (HA).
Methods
This descriptive study used a questionnaire. The participants were 100 mothers with children under 19 years. The collected data were analyzed by the t-test, analysis of variance, and the Mann-Whitney U test. The Pearson's correlation was used to test the correlations among variables. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors related to HA vaccination intention.
Results
The attitude of mothers with children under 19 to HA vaccination were quite positive (6.2 of 7), and their perceived behavioral control (5.73 of 7), subjective norm (5.54 of 7), and vaccination intention (5.96 of 7) were relatively high. Attitude toward HA vaccination was the strongest influencing factor, followed by subjective norm. The explanatory power of attitude and subjective norm for HA vaccination was 84%. Conclusion: HA vaccination is very important for preventing HA. Mothers' positive attitudes toward HA vaccination were an important factor influencing their children's HA vaccination. Providing education on the benefits of HA vaccination and the vaccination schedule may foster positive attitude toward vaccination.

Citations

• Applying the theory of planned behavior to predict COVID-19 booster vaccination intentions of college students
  Hannah Priest Catalano, Keith Richards, Katherine Hyatt Hawkins Shaw, Michael Catalano
  Journal of American College Health.2025; 73(2): 625.     CrossRef
• Caring behaviors and associated predictive factors in nurses caring for Covid-19 patients: An application of the theory of planned behavior
  Reyhaneh Maleki, Afsaneh Raiesifar, Nasibeh Sharifi, Elham Shafiei, Fatemeh Darabi
  Heliyon.2025; 11(4): e42683.     CrossRef
• Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention over the course of the pandemic: A three-wave repeated cross-sectional study
  Miriam Capasso, Mark Conner, Daniela Caso
  Heliyon.2024; 10(3): e24826.     CrossRef
• The Association between Message Framing and Intention to Vaccinate Predictive of Hepatitis A Vaccine Uptake
  Nora Satybaldiyeva, Lourdes S. Martinez, Brittany Cooper, Eyal Oren
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2024; 21(2): 207.     CrossRef
• Perceptions and Cues to Action as Predictors of Nurses’ Vaccination Intentions at Two Primary Health Care Facilities in Ghana
  Solomon Tagbor, Lillian Akorfa Ohene, Charles Ampong Adjei, Josephine Kyei
  The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygi.2023; 108(2): 433.     CrossRef
• Understanding the psychosocial determinants of Italian parents’ intentions not to vaccinate their children: an extended theory of planned behaviour model
  Daniela Caso, Miriam Capasso, Rosa Fabbricatore, Mark Conner
  Psychology & Health.2022; 37(9): 1111.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with preventive behaviors for COVID-19 among adolescents in South Korea
  Sunhee Park, Sumi Oh
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: e69.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Roles of Attitude Toward COVID-19 Vaccination, Trust in Science and Trust in Government in the Relationship Between Anti-vaccine Conspiracy Beliefs and Vaccination Intention
  Miriam Capasso, Daniela Caso, Gregory D. Zimet
  Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Hepatitis A virus knowledge and immunization attitudes and practices in the United Arab Emirates community
  Kamel A. Samara, Hiba J. Barqawi, Basant H. Aboelsoud, Moza A. AlZaabi, Fay T. Alraddawi, Ayten A. Mannaa
  Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Anticipating pride or regret? Effects of anticipated affect focused persuasive messages on intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19
  Miriam Capasso, Daniela Caso, Mark Conner
  Social Science & Medicine.2021; 289: 114416.     CrossRef
• Multidimensional social and cultural norms influencing HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia
  Li Ping Wong, Pooi-Fong Wong, Megat Mohamad Amirul Amzar Megat Hashim, Liyuan Han, Yulan Lin, Zhijian Hu, Qinjian Zhao, Gregory D. Zimet
  Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2020; 16(7): 1611.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a scale for measuring aggression in adolescents, based on Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
Methods
The participants were 38 adolescents in an in-depth study conducted to develop items for indirect measurement, 13 adolescents in a pre-test, and 289 adolescents in the present survey. The collected data were analyzed using content validity, the correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and the Cronbach's ⍺.
Results
In this study, the most important variable related to aggression was found to be aggression intention. This study included 4 factors of direct measurement and 6 factors of indirect measurement; therefore, 41 questions were developed. Increased levels of aggression were associated with higher scores for attitudes of aggression, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and aggression intention.
Conclusion
We found that the questionnaire used in this study was valid and reliable as a measurement scale to explain aggression in adolescents based on TPB. Aggression intention should be included in aggression prevention programs because it was linked to aggressive behavior.

Citations

• Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Tehran Adolescent Aggression Scale: A Mixed-Methods Study
  Shahrzad Sanjari, Abbas Tavan, Hamidrezaa Abbasi, Azita Salajegheh, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Soliemani, Leila Bayat Mokhtari
  Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Scien.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Structural Model for Aggression in Middle School Students in Korea: Based on Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior
  Sook Jang, Hye Young Ahn
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2023; 20(2): 1576.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to test whether maternal uncertainty and the general characteristics of mothers and children influenced maternal coping.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 190 mothers whose children had been admitted to the pediatric ward of a general hospital completed self-report questionnaires during their children’s hospitalization. The questionnaires assessed the general characteristics of the mothers and children, maternal uncertainty, and maternal coping. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the research model.
Results
In the multivariable model, help from one’s spouse (t=3.10, p=.002), religion (t=2.68, p=.008), overall ambiguity (t=2.64, p=.009), and family income (t=2.33, p=.021) were associated with higher coping scores.
Conclusion
This research model presents possible guidelines for pediatric nurses to provide comprehensive and accurate information on children's illnesses and treatments for mothers of children hospitalized in general hospitals. In particular, nurses should pay more attention to mothers who are not receiving help from their spouses, are not religious, and have a low family income.

Citations

• The effects of nurses’ communication styles, nurse-mother partnerships, and mothers’ anxiety on coping of hospitalized children’s mothers
  Yonghee Kim, Areum Choi, Insun Jang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2023; 29(2): 170.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study analyzes the effects of smoking behaviors of women of reproductive ages in terms of maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period in Korea.
Methods
We used the National Health Insurance Corporation's medical panel data. Subjects included 382 individuals suffering from maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period from 2013 to 2014. A t-test was used to analyze the individual differences between maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period-A hierarchical regression analysis was performed in two steps to measure the effects of smoking behaviors on diseases.
Results
The amount and duration of smoking are significant factors causing maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. In the regression analysis, the explanatory power of model was significantly increased by adding smoking behavior to the maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period. Smoking behavior during pregnancy displayed a significant influence on diseases.
Conclusion
Results of this study showed that the effects of smoking behavior on maternal conditions and conditions arising during the perinatal period were significant. Therefore it is necessary to develop a smoking cessation education program for pregnant women in Korea.

Citations

• The Effect of Smoking on Salivary Calcium Levels, Calcium Intake, and Bleeding on Probing in Female
  Sri Tjahajawati, Anggun Rafisa, Endah Ayu Lestari, Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
  International Journal of Dentistry.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among depression, school adjustment, parent-child bonding, parental control and smartphone addiction, and to identify factors which influence smartphone addiction in adolescents.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 183 middle school students from 3 middle schools. Data collection was conducted through self-report questionnaires from April to May, 2017. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation coefficient analysis, and binary logistic regression with SPSS Ver. 21.0.
Results
The mean score for smartphone addiction was 29.40. Of the adolescents, 21.3% were in the smartphone addiction risk group. Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=7.09, 95% Cl: 2.57~19.52), school life (OR=0.86, 95% Cl: 0.79~0.93), smartphone usage time (OR=1.32, 95% Cl: 1.04~1.66), and parental control (OR=4.70, 95% Cl: 1.04~21.29) were effect factors for the smartphone addiction risk group.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that school satisfaction was an important factor in adolescents’ smartphone addiction. Control oriented parent management of adolescents’ smartphone use did not reduce the risk of smartphone addiction and may have worsen the addiction. Future research is needed to improve understanding of how teachers and parents will manage their adolescents’ use of smartphones.

Citations

• Effects of Parents' Negative Parenting Attitudes on Adolescents' Smartphone Overdependence : Sequential Mediating Effects of Peer Relationships and Grit
  Chaeyoung Hong, Kyungsim Oh, Jungmin Kim
  Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2025; 34(1): 45.     CrossRef
• Parent-Child Relationships and Children’s Addiction to Smartphones: A Review of International Studies
  Victor P. Sheinov
  RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics.2025; 22(1): 75.     CrossRef
• Smartphone dependency latent profile classification and association with emotional and behavioral difficulties among high school students in Korea
  Eunjoo Kim, Min Kyung Song
  Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2024; 35: 84.     CrossRef
• Impact of school and domestic violence on suicidal ideation in adolescents by levels of self-esteem
  Soojin Lee, Kyungwon Paek
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2024; 41(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Ergenlerde Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi
  Cüneyit Bostan, Ayşe Kalyon
  Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi.2024; 12(33): 92.     CrossRef
• Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction in South Korea
  JongSerl Chun, Hae Kook Lee, HyeSook Jeon, Jinyung Kim, Serim Lee
  Social Work in Public Health.2023; 38(4): 268.     CrossRef
• Effects of depression and social interaction on smartphone addiction among female adolescents
  Eun Jee Lee, Hyeon Ok Kim
  Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursin.2022; 35(1): 68.     CrossRef
• Self-Reported Smartphone Addiction Among Brazilian Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: a Mixed-Method Study
  Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de Freitas, Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaíva, Paula Manuela Jorge Diogo, Juliano Bortolini
  Trends in Psychology.2022; 32(3): 1007.     CrossRef
• Smartphone Addiction in Adolescents, part 2: Scoping Review—Prevalence and Associated Factors
  Bruna Hinnah Borges Martins de Freitas, Maria Aparecida Munhoz Gaíva, Fabiane Blanco Silva Bernardino, Paula Manuela Jorge Diogo
  Trends in Psychology.2021; 29(1): 12.     CrossRef
• Relationships between Smartphone Addiction and Smartphone Usage Types, Depression, ADHD, Stress, Interpersonal Problems, and Parenting Attitude with Middle School Students
  Youl Pyo Hong, Yeon Ok Yeom, Myung Ho Lim
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of Maternal Factors on Problematic Smartphone Use among Elementary School Children
  Eun Jee Lee, Hee Sun Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(17): 9182.     CrossRef
• To study the prevalence and types of nutritional anemia in under-five children with severe acute malnutrition
  Roshan Kumar Jangid, Arun Kumar, Anita -, Chinmaya Mahapatra, Manoj Yadav, Sidhant Singhal, Kartik Laxminarayan
  Indian Journal of Child Health.2020; 7(6): 270.     CrossRef
• Maternal abusive parenting and young South Korean adolescents' problematic smartphone use: The moderating effects of time spent hanging out with peers and trusting peer relationships
  Kyung Eun Jahng
  Children and Youth Services Review.2019; 98: 96.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Factors related to Smartphone Dependency among Middle School, High School, and College Students based on the Seventh Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey
  Eun Jee Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(2): 165.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child’s problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance.
Methods
An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI).
Results
Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (β=-.41, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (β=.40, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (β=-.21, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child’s externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal- child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child’s behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.

Citations

• Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
  Jihye Kim, Heemin Chae, Yoonjung Kim
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(7): 2649.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Modeling of the Interaction between Mothers and Preschool-Age Children
  Hyun-Yi Chai, Mi-Young Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2021; 51(5): 630.     CrossRef
• Parenting Stress in Preterm and Full-term Infant Mothers by Their Children’s Developmental Stages
  Kieun Kim, Hyejung Lee
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2020; 24(3): 162.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral health education on oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral hygiene status of children from North Korea.
Methods
Participants were 32 North Korean children defectors (15 in the education group, 17 in the control group). The oral health education program, including theoretical training and toothbrush training, was done once a week for 4 weeks. Effects of the education program were assessed for oral health knowledge, oral health behavior, and oral hygiene status at pretest, 0, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA with the SAS program.
Results
Children in the education group showed increased oral health knowledge and behavior over time compared to the control group and an improvement in oral hygiene status including significantly decreased S-PHP and Snyder test for oral micro-organism.
Conclusion
Results indicate that oral health education is effective in improving oral health knowledge, oral health behavior and oral hygiene status. These improvements could lead to a better quality of life for North Korean children defectors.

Citations

• A Qualitative Study of Preschool Children’s Perspectives on an Oral Health Promotion Program in New South Wales, Australia
  Jinal Shashin Parmar, Prathyusha Sanagavarapu, Sowbhagya Micheal, Navira Chandio, Susan Cartwright, Amit Arora
  Children.2024; 11(4): 415.     CrossRef
• The influence of North Korean defectors’ oral health service experience on oral health behavior
  Siwoo Kim, Yuri Lee, Jae-Sung Kwon, Saran Kim, Jungtae Kim, Steacey Kim, Jae Hoon Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2022; 46(3): 115.     CrossRef
• Changes in the oral health and tooth brushing habits of upper grade primary school children according to the composition of the tooth brushing environment of the school
  Su-Kyung Jwa
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2021; 45(4): 210.     CrossRef
• An exploratory study on development policy and the status of oral health care in the North Korea during the Kim Jong-Un era
  Sae-Rom Lee, Se-Hwan Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2020; 44(1): 26.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the sexual maturation, parenting attitude, maturity fear and emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school, and to examine the relation between these variables and factors that influence emotional and behavioral problems.
Methods
Participants were 128 second, third and fourth year students from 3 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Emotional and behavioral problems were related to eating rate, eating breakfast, frequency of late-night snacks and main communicator on pubertal development. Emotional and behavioral problems showed a positive correlation with maturity fear and father’s parenting attitude (strictness) and a negative correlation with parenting attitude and father’s parenting attitude (intimacy). Maturity fear, father’s parenting attitude, eating breakfast, and main communicator on pubertal development had significant influence on emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school.
Conclusion
Findings show that for effective management of emotional and behavioral problems in elementary school girls, programs including coping with maturity fear, supportive parenting of father, diet education, and functional communication with mother on pubertal development should be developed.

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students.
Methods
A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach’s α, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
Results
There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (β=.38, p<.001), health knowledge (β=.26, p<.001), perceived health status - good (β=.15, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance.
Conclusion
Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.

Citations

• Factors affecting health promotion behavior of school-aged children in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
  Bo Ra Lim, Dong Hee Kim, Chung Min Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(3): 165.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a School-Based Health Education Using Social Networking Media to Promote Health Behaviors in Elementary School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
  Miyeon Eom, Jina Choo
  The Journal of School Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Health Intentions and Health-promoting Behavior on Selfesteem among School-aged Children in South Korea
  Jin Kim, Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Current Pediatric Reviews.2023; 19(3): 304.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting parent health-promotion behavior in early childhood according to family cohesion: Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic
  Song I. Park, In Young Cho
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 62: 121.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Dietary Life of Adolescents by Household Types in Korea using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Soo Jin Lee, Ho Kyung Ryu
  The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(2): 285.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Health-Related Behaviors in Younger School-Age Korean Children
  Yong-Sook Eo, Ji-Soo Kim
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 51: e1.     CrossRef
• Family socioeconomic status, parental attention, and health behaviors in middle childhood: A cross‐sectional study
  Yong‐Sook Eo, Ji‐Soo Kim
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2020; 22(2): 220.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Health Behaviors in Late School-aged Children from Multicultural Families
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 23.     CrossRef
• Structural Equation Model of Health Promotion Behaviors in Late School-aged Children: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
  Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 477.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study was done to identify contraceptive practices in adolescent girls in South Korea and predictors of contraceptive practices.
Methods
The study sample included 743 girls who had experienced sexual activity. Using statistics from the 12th (2016) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results
The contraceptive practice rate for adolescent girls was 34%. Contraceptive practice was associated with ‘age at first intercourse’ and ‘sexual intercourse after drinking’. For adolescent girls who had early sexual initiation and drank alcohol before sexual intercourse there was a tendency to reduce the practice of contraception.
Conclusion
It is necessary to provide practical sex education to improve the practice of contraception in these adolescents. In addition, adolescent girls should be encourage to delay their first intercourse. The results of this study can also be used to develop education interventions regarding healthy sexuality behaviour including the practice of contraception.

Citations

• Impact of human papillomavirus vaccination knowledge, health beliefs, and self-efficacy on vaccination intention in adolescent sons in Korea: a descriptive survey study
  Jiyeon Bark, Haejin Kim, So Im Ryu
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(1): 49.     CrossRef
• Psychometric evaluation of the Korean version of the sexual communication self-efficacy scale among South Korean college students
  Sujung Lee, Jungmin Lee
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development and Effect of an IMB Skills Model–based Online Reproductive Health Promotion Program for Late Adolescent Women
  Minji Je, Jaeyoung Lee, SoYeon Park
  Asian Nursing Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Trends in Contraceptive Use and Influencing Factors Among Korean Adolescent Girls With Sexual Intercourse Experience (2013 to 2022)
  Beomman Ha, Jisoon Kim, Seonho Kim
  Journal of Korean Maternal and Child Health.2024; 28(3): 134.     CrossRef
• Contraceptive Use Among Korean High School Adolescents: A Decision Tree Model
  Sung Hae Kim, Yoona Choi
  The Journal of School Nursing.2023; 39(4): 285.     CrossRef
• Psychometric Evaluation of the Korean Version of the Perceived Costs and Benefits Scale for Sexual Intercourse
  Hee-Jung Jang, Jungmin Lee, Soo-Hyun Nam
  Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2166.     CrossRef
• Effects of sex education on contraceptive use among sexually experienced teens in South Korea
  Ye Eun Cha, Jin Young Nam
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2023; 40(3): 49.     CrossRef
• The Association Between Adequate Prenatal Care and Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Teenage Pregnancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study
  Jin Young Nam, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Eun-Cheol Park
  Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants of Contraceptive Use at The First Sexual Intercourse among Unmarried Adolescents in Indonesia: 2017 IDHS Analysis
  Restya Sri Sugiarti, Helda Helda, Kholisotul Hikmah
  JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN.2022; 20(1): 60.     CrossRef
• Psychometric Evaluation of a Korean Version of the Sexual Risk Behavior Beliefs and Self-Efficacy Scale Among Female College Students: A Secondary Analysis
  Jungmin Lee, Jhordon James C Montegrico
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2022; Volume 15: 3205.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Sexual Initiation Timing and Sexual Experience on Depressive Symptoms in South Korean Adolescents: Gender Differences in a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
  Jaeyoung Lee
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2020; 52: e15.     CrossRef
• University Freshman's Sexual Knowledge, Attitudes, and Satisfaction of Sex Education
  Hae Young Min, Jung Min Lee, Hye Young Min, Yeo Won Jeong
  Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Educ.2019; 25(2): 238.     CrossRef
• Trend Analysis of Research Articles Published in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing from 2013 to 2017
  Young Jin Lee, Seo Yun Kim, Saem Yi Kang, Yoo Jeong Kang, Lan Jin, Hee Yoen Jung, Hae Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2018; 24(1): 90.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of early menarche on sexual experience among high school girls in South Korea.
Methods
The study sample was comprised of 16,286 high school girls. Using statistics from the 11th (2015) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results
Among the girls, 5.8% reported early menarche. Early menarche was associated with sexual experience (Odds Ratio (OR), 5.27; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 4.11-6.77). Controlled for sociodemographic, emotional and health behavior characteristics, early menarche was associated with sexual experience (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 3.04-5.21).
Conclusion
The results indicate that early menarche predicts an increase in sexual experience among female adolescents. Therefore, health education programs and health policy for interventions to improve sexual health are required for girls who are expected to experience early menarche.

Citations

• The Influence of Sexual Experience on Mental Health among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  Kyong Sil Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2025; 34(2): 129.     CrossRef
• Obesity-Related Factors in Adult Women with Early Menarche
  Hunha Cho, Jeong-Won Han
  Healthcare.2023; 11(4): 557.     CrossRef
• A study on the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the parenting outcome expectancy scale for parents of elementary school students
  Yoonjung Kim, Jungmin Lee, Ratchneewan Ross
  Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Impact Factors on Mental Health of Male and Female Korean Adolescents - Focusing on Sexual Experience: Analyzing Data from the 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey
  Mijung Yeom, Gyungjoo Lee, Ju-Young Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Menta.2020; 29(3): 195.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ perception and behaviors in the case of a child safety accident.
Methods
The participants were 254 parents of children under 12 years old. Data were collected from October 12 to November 25, 2016 using self-report questionnaire.
Results
The mean score for parental perception and behaviors showed a high score of 3.12±0.30. In addition, the top three categories were drug management (3.45±0.54), prevention of burns (3.34±0.52), and vehicle safety (3.34±0.44). The overall difference in categories of perception and behaviors about child safety accidents according to demographic characteristics of participants, was developmental age (F=5.616, p=.004). Most of the categories had significant correlation with other categories.
Conclusion
Findings in this study show parental perception and behaviors were relatively high. It is recommended that safety education for parents should be done for a healthy life for their children.

Citations

• Cognition and agency-based methods to improve children’s road-hazard perception ability during visually occluded road crossing
  Zhongxiang Feng, Xiuwei Zhang, Canhui Chu, Jing Liu, Zhipeng Huang, Tao Gu, Rui Xue
  Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology.2025; 109: 299.     CrossRef
• Parents' Experience with Infant Safety Accidents and Needs of Safety Education: Content Analysis
  Soo-Yeon Han, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of mHealth–Safe Kids Hospital for the prevention of hospitalized children safety incidents: A randomized controlled trial
  Il Tae Park, Won‐Oak Oh, Gwang‐Cheon Jang, Jihee Han
  Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2021; 53(5): 623.     CrossRef
• Developing and Evaluating a Mobile-based Parental Education Program for Preventing Unintentional Injuries in Early Childhood: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Younglee Choi, Hye Young Ahn
  Asian Nursing Research.2021; 15(5): 329.     CrossRef
• The effect of medically-attended injury experience on the use of home safety equipment
  Ingyu Jeong, Si Young Jung, Joohyun Suh, Ki Ok Ahn, Jung Ah Bae
  Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2020; 7(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Child Safety Injury Experiences, Prevention Behaviors and Educational Needs among Immigrant Vietnamese Women on Jeju Island
  Yun-Mi Cho, Sang-Gu Lee, Jung-Woo Kim, Na-Rae Kang, Min Sohn
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 367.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the mental health and health risk behaviors of multicultural adolescents according to their mothers’ native country.
Methods
For this study raw data from the 11th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2015) was examined. Mental health and health risk behaviors for 62,985 adolescents were analyzed according to their mothers’ native country. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, to which the complex sample design was applied.
Results
The odds ratio of depression in multicultural adolescents compared to Korean adolescents was 44.92 (CI: 5.77-349.59) for adolescents whose mothers came from Cambodia and 3.00 (CI: 1.57-5.76) for adolescents whose mothers came from North Korea. The odds ratio of attempted suicide was 14.73 (CI: 3.09-70.22) for adolescents whose mothers came from Cambodia and 8.63 (CI: 3.45-21.62) for adolescents whose mothers came from North Korea. The odds ratio of problematic drinking in multicultural adolescents was 7.47 (CI: 1.71-32.67) for adolescents whose mothers came from Mongolia.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that when planning a health promotion program for adolescents from multicultural families, a customized approach should be sought taking into account the characteristics of mothers’ native country.

Citations

• Comparison of Risk Factors for Habitual Substance Use Among Adolescents in Korea by Maternal Nationality: Analysis of 18th and 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (2022 and 2023)
  Hyeon Ok Ju, So Yeon Park
  Children.2025; 12(4): 458.     CrossRef
• Mental health and health behaviors in multicultural families: The impact of parents’ cultural background
  Yoora Hwang, Mijeong Kwon, Jimin Kim, Hyekyeong Kim
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2024; 41(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Applying target congruence theory to victimization risk of students from multicultural backgrounds: A comparison of South Korean, North Korean, and other multicultural family adolescents
  Jaeyong Choi, Nathan Kruis, Julak Lee
  Children and Youth Services Review.2020; 118: 105392.     CrossRef
• The Mental Health of Ethnic Minority Youths in South Korea and Its Related Environmental Factors: A Literature Review
  Yeeun Lee, Minji Lee, Subin Park
  Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolesc.2019; 30(3): 88.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Culturally Sensitive Education of Perinatal Care on Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Efficacy among Korean Husbands and Vietnamese Wives
  Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 515.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program.
Methods
Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Adolescents’ Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed.
Results
Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group.
Conclusion
Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.

Citations

• Effects of Multidisciplinary Health Promotion Program Among Children in Community Childcare Center
  Yerin Kim, Gyeong Seob Shin, Jungwon Park, Minji Kang, Kumhee Son, Yoon Myung Kim, Kyung Hee Park, Hyunjung Lim
  Clinical Nutrition Research.2024; 13(1): 8.     CrossRef
• Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data
  Ye-Jin Yun, Yu-Jin Kwon, Yaeji Lee, Seok-Jae Heo, Ji-Won Lee
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Relationship between Positive Parenting Attitude and Children’s BMI Z-score: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Exercise Time and Number of Breakfasts Consumed of Children
  Seoyoung Choi, Sangshin Park
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 210.     CrossRef
• Health behaviors and mental health among adolescents: A comparison based on BMI using the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
  Hye-Ryeon Park, Na-Geong Kim
  Belitung Nursing Journal.2023; 9(6): 571.     CrossRef
• Health literacy of adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review
  Rafaela Aparecida Prata, Tamara Barros Bicudo, Juliana Bastoni da Silva, Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Letramento em saúde de adolescentes na pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa
  Rafaela Aparecida Prata, Tamara Barros Bicudo, Juliana Bastoni da Silva, Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila
  Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Recognition and preference of rice-based home meal replacement for breakfast among adolescents in the Jeonbuk area
  Hae-Rim Oh, Hyunsuk Kim, Su-Jin Jung, Youn-Soo Cha
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(3): 262.     CrossRef
• eHealth Literacy, Awareness of Pandemic Infectious Diseases, and Healthy Lifestyle in Middle School Students
  Sinyoung Choi, Kyung-Sook Bang, Da-Ae Shin
  Children.2021; 8(8): 699.     CrossRef
• Application Design for Child Obesity Management Based on Users’ Preferences and Needs
  Jisan Lee, Kim Jeongeun, Byun Ahjung, Jin Meiling, Piao Meihua, Kwak Kyungryeon, Lee Hyeoiyun
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(5): 356.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with Obesity among Korean Adolescents based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)
  Hyun Young Koo, Eun Kyung Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(1): 28.     CrossRef
• Influence of perceived stress on obesity in South Korean adolescents using data from the 13th 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey
  Hye Ja Gu
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Weight Status among Korean Adolescents from Multicultural Families: Using Data from the 2017–2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Surveys
  SuJin Song, Hyojune Song
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(6): 465.     CrossRef
• The Differences in Obesity Rates According to Status of Co-Residence with Their Parents in Korean Adolescents: The Implication of the Gender of Single Parent Living with Adolescents
  Nahee Kim, Young Gyu Cho, Jae-Heon Kang, Hyun Ah Park, Kyoungwoo Kim, Yang-Im Hur, Duho Kwon
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2018; 18(4): 177.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-esteem and sexual attitude in healthcare college students, and also to provide a basis for sexual health education programs to help establish healthy sexual attitudes.
Methods
A survey was conducted with 218 unmarried students attending the healthcare colleges in B and U cities. Data were collected from October 15 to November 10, 2015 and analyzed using Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS PASW 18.0.
Results
Mean score for self-esteem was 3.23±0.46 out of 5 and sexual attitude 2.64 ± 0.54 out of 5. Self-esteem and sexual attitude had a negative correlation (r = -.169, p = .012). Among sub-variables of sexual attitude, negative correlations were found between self-esteem and premarital chastity (r = -.207, p = .002), and between self-esteem and homosexual attitudes (r = -.167, p = .013). There were statistically significant differences in sexual attitude according to perceived intimacy with mother (β = -.228, p < .001), year in college (β = .135, p = .047), major (β = .148, p = .023), religion (β = -2.429, p = .016), and homosexual tendencies (β = .139, p = .037). These factors explained 14.6% of the variance in sexual attitude.
Conclusion
Findings demonstrate the importance of self-esteem for sexual attitudes. This finding should be used in the development of healthcare college students, promotion programs to enhance healthy sexual attitudes.

Purpose
The study was done to investigate behavioral problems in toddlers who were born prematurely and to analyze related factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional explorative study was conducted with 72 preterm birth (PTB) children at 24 to 41 months of corrected age who were born at 28 to 37 weeks’ gestation. During home visits, behavior problems were assessed using the Behavior Rating Index for Children (BRIC). Using a BRIC score of ≥30, children with suspected behavior problems were grouped in the non-regular behavior group.
Results
Of the children, 38.9% belong to the non-regular behavior group. The mental development index score for the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II was higher for the non-regular behavior group compared to the regular behavior group (t = 2.26, p = .027). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower maternal attachment (<96, OR=3.4, 95% CI[1.1, 10.4]) and higher parenting stress (≥97, OR=4.8, 95% CI[1.3, 17.3]) were independently related to non-regular behavior.
Conclusion
PTB Toddlers are at risk for behavior problems which are associated with low cognitive performance. Maternal-child attachment and maternal parenting stress were strongly related to behavior problems in these children. More attention is needed to understand possible behavior problems in young children with PTB, particularly focusing on maternal-child interaction and maternal mental well-being.

Citations

• Validation of the Korean Version of the Maternal Postpartum Attachment Development Scale for Mothers of Children who were in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Ah Rim Kim, Young Ran Tak
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2018; 39(1): 129.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Parenting Stress in Mothers of Preschoolers Born Prematurely
  Sangmi Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(4): 470.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among preschoolers’ smartphone addiction tendency, problem behaviors, and parenting efficacy of the mothers of these children.
Methods
A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used with self-administered questionnaires. A total of 83 mothers of preschoolers aged 4-6 years and their preschool teachers from a kindergarten participated in the study.
Results
Mean daily time spent by the preschoolers on smartphones was about 45 minutes/day. About 40% spent more than 60 minutes/day on smartphones. The majority (69.8%) used smartphones without adult supervision. The level of smartphone addiction tendency among the pre-schoolers was 1.52±0.45 on a 4-point scale. Preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for more than 60 minutes/day showed a higher level of smartphone addiction tendency than preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for less than 60 minutes/day. Also smartphone addiction tendency among preschoolers had a positive correlation with hyperactive-distractible behavior (r = .228, p = .038) and a negative correlation with parenting efficacy of their mothers (r = -.299, p = .006).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that preschooler’s smartphone addiction tendency is significantly associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviors of the children and low parenting efficacy among their mothers. Therefore well-designed care plans for these populations should be provided to decrease smartphone addiction tendency.

Citations

• Types and contexts of child mobile screen use and associations with early childhood behavior
  Sumudu R. Mallawaarachchi, Jeromy Anglim, Sharon Horwood
  Early Childhood Research Quarterly.2025; 70: 274.     CrossRef
• Addressing the impact of smartphone use on children’s health: a comprehensive analysis of physical, psychological, social, and behavioral effects
  Mohammed Said Obeidat, Faten Hani AL-Shalabi
  Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science.2025; 26(5): 690.     CrossRef
• Parent-Child Relationships and Children’s Addiction to Smartphones: A Review of International Studies
  Victor P. Sheinov
  RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics.2025; 22(1): 75.     CrossRef
• Prevalence, determinants and consequences of problematic smartphone use among preschoolers (3–5 years) from Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional investigation
  Faruq Abdulla, Md. Moyazzem Hossain, Mohammed Nazmul Huq, Abdul Hai, Azizur Rahman, Russell Kabir, Farhana Jahan Peya, Sinigdha Islam, Hafiz T.A. Khan
  Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 329: 413.     CrossRef
• Associations of smartphone and tablet use in early childhood with psychosocial, cognitive and sleep factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Sumudu R. Mallawaarachchi, Jeromy Anglim, Merrilyn Hooley, Sharon Horwood
  Early Childhood Research Quarterly.2022; 60: 13.     CrossRef
• Parental Factors Associated with Smartphone Overuse in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Gumhee Lee, Sungjae Kim, Heajin Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(3): 349.     CrossRef
• Pathway from Maternal Parenting Efficacy, Inappropriate Motives for Allowing Smart Devices, and Smart Device Dependency to Preschoolers’ Ability to Understand Minds
  Yun Mi Park, Min Ju Kang
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2020; 41(6): 9.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with Smartphone Overdependency in Preschool Children
  MinJung Lee, SungHee Park
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(4): 383.     CrossRef
• Effects of the Age at First Use of Smart Devices and the Amount of Time to Use Smart Devices on the Externalizing Problem Behavior of Infants and the Moderating Roles of Maternal Managing Behavior
  Yoon Kyung Kim, Ho Jung Kim, Mi Kyung Yoon, Ju Hee Park
  Family and Environment Research.2018; 56(6): 541.     CrossRef
• Effects of Hyperactivity Tendency and Ego-Resiliency on Smartphone Game Overflow Among Young Children
  Ha Ra Ban, Nary Shin
  Korean Journal of Child Studies.2017; 38(4): 117.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop an education program on cell phone use for elementary school students, and examine its effects on their knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and self-control in cell phone use.
METHODS
The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 64 elementary school students (31 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the education program on cell phone use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program.
RESULTS
Students in the experimental group reported increased knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use which were significantly higher than students in the control group (p<.001, p<.001). But, self-efficacy and self-control for students in the experimental group were not different from those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The study results indicate that the education program for cell phone use is effective in increasing knowledge and attitude regarding cell phone use in elementary school students.

Citations

• Effects of a Prevention Program for Media Addiction on Television Addiction, Internet Addiction, Cellular Addiction, and Impulsiveness in Elementary School Students.
  Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(4): 270.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean children.
METHODS
The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 268 children from grades 4 to 6 in two urban elementary schools. Construct validity, internal consistence reliability, and split-half reliability were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Nine items were categorized into 2 factors explaining 61.29% of total variance. The factors were labeled as obsessive compulsion (6 items) and dependency (3 items). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 9 items was .87, and Spearman-Brown coefficient was .83. Scale scores identified children as high risk users, at risk users, or average users by standard scores.
CONCLUSION
The above findings indicate that the cell phone addiction scale for children has good validity and reliability when used with Korean children.

Citations

• Development of a Cell Phone Addiction Scale for Korean Parents of Young Children.
  Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Prevention Program for Media Addiction on Television Addiction, Internet Addiction, Cellular Addiction, and Impulsiveness in Elementary School Students.
  Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(4): 270.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to examine the importance of health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers as perceived by mothers of children in early childhood, and graduate students in nursing and to provide information for health promotion in early childhood.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 91 mothers of children in early childhood, and 115 graduate students in nursing.
RESULTS
The comparisons showed that graduate students in nursing reported higher perception of the importance health promotion behavior for infants and toddlers than did the mothers. In health promotion behavior, the highest score was in the category of safety.
CONCLUSION
Providing information by nurses is necessary to promote health promotion behavior for mothers of children in early childhood. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to develop effective programs for these mothers who want to promote good health promotion behavior in their children.

Citations

• The Influences of Mother’s eHealth Literacy, Health Information Orientation, and Social Support on the Use of Internet on Health Promotion Behaviors for Their Children
  Mi-Ae You, Eun Bee Baek, Na-Gyeung Kang
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(2): 221.     CrossRef
• Model Structure for Mother-Child Relationship for Korean Infants and Toddlers and Their Mothers
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 268.     CrossRef
• A Survey of Smartphone-Based Health Education Needs for Parents
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 346.     CrossRef
• Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach
  Sun-Jung Park, Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(4): 486.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate the predictors of maternal confidence between primipara and multipara mothers.
METHODS
The participants enrolled in this study were 145 mothers between 2 and 5 days postpartum. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, chi2 test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
RESULTS
The predictors of maternal confidence among primipara mothers were social support, self-esteem, mode of delivery (R2=.287, p<.001). Whereas, gender of baby, antenatal fetal attachment, and educational status explained maternal confidence among multipara mothers (R2=.270, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that when nurses develop programs to encourage maternal confidence for new mothers, they should take into account the differences between predictors of maternal confidence according to the mothers' experience of birth.

Citations

• Knowledge, confidence, and educational needs of newborn care among North Korean refugee women: a descriptive study
  In-Sook Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2023; 29(1): 72.     CrossRef
• A review of the empirical measures on becoming a mother and their relevance to the American Indian/Native Alaskan mother: implications for research and policy
  December Maxwell, Sarah R. Leat
  Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social W.2022; 31(2): 63.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Participating in Online Parenting Communities and Health-Promoting Behaviors for Children Among First-Time Mothers: The Mediating Effect of Parental Efficacy
  Minyoung Woo, Sun-Mi Chae
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2022; 26(3): 183.     CrossRef
• Prenatal nursing intervention studies published in Korean nursing journals: a scoping review
  Seo Yun Kim, Hae Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2020; 26(2): 109.     CrossRef
• Participation in Prenatal Education, Knowledge and Attitude related to Delivery, Postpartum Care, Newborn Care in Nulliparous Women
  Mi-Young Kim, Gwang-Suk Kim, Sue Kim, Hye-Jung Lee
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 139.     CrossRef
• Maternal attitudes, depression, and anxiety in pregnant and postpartum multiparous women
  Laura E. Sockol, Cynthia L. Battle
  Archives of Women's Mental Health.2015; 18(4): 585.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Maternal-Fetal attachment among Pregnant Women
  Seung-A Lee, Sung-Hee Lee
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperati.2015; 16(3): 2020.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to describe the relationship of perception of parenting attitude, behavior problems and resilience of school age children.
METHODS
Participants were 131 children enrolled in the 4th to 6th grades. Data were collected from November 29 to December 6, 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Parental Bonding Instrument, Korean version of Youth Self-Report, and Resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in resilience according to gender, relationship with peers, academic achievement and school satisfaction. Resilience showed a positive correlation with parental bonding attitude and negative correlation with problem behavior in the children.
CONCLUSION
This result suggests that interventions focusing on parenting attitude to enhance resilience should be developed to help school age children.

Citations

• Effect of Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being on Resilience in Nursing Students
  Young Eun Lee, Eunyoung Kim, Sun Young Park
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(3): 385.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Maternal Cultural and Emotional Factors Influencing the Children's Mental Health in Multicultural Families
  Mijung Yeom, Soo Yang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Menta.2014; 23(1): 1.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to examine body satisfaction of children, self-rated health of children and parent-child attachment as perceived by children and their mothers in relation to children's health behavior and to identify factors affecting health behavior of children. Ultimately the purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop health promotion programs for children.
METHODS
Participants were 140 couples, 4th grade elementary school students and their mothers residing in Busan. Data collection was done during June 1 and July 31, 2010. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with PASW 18.0 program.
RESULTS
Children and mothers rated body satisfaction of the child differently. Children's responses for body satisfaction of child and parent-child attachment were associated with health behavior of children. Self-rated health perceived by children was also a factor affecting health behavior, as were body satisfaction perceived by children and mothers' perception of body satisfaction of child in that order. These variables explained 18.2% of the total variances in health behavior of children.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that body satisfaction and self-rated health of children are important variables to target within intervention research and treatment programs for health promotion behavior of children at home and school.

Citations

• Effect of Postural Education on Physical Satisfaction and Life Habit in Elementary Students
  Ju-Young Song
  The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2015; 27(1): 18.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify differences in sexual knowledge, attitudes and perspectives of sexual values for female students as these factors related to sexual characteristics.
METHODS
The participants were 835 girls in junior or high school from Seoul and Kyunggi province in Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, F-test and Scheffe with the SPSS 14.0 WIN program.
RESULTS
The major results were as follows: First, for sexual knowledge, there were significant differences for girls from homes with conservative atmosphere and for those who had experiences related to porno. Second, related to sexual attitudes, students who had experience related to porno, were significantly more positive, and had a more open attitudes than students with no experience. Third, for perspectives of sexual value, students who perceived a conservative home atmosphere, who had boy friend, and who had experiences related to porno, had a more positive sexuality, and attitudes towards sexual equality.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop special sex education programs for both school and parents so that teachers and parents can guide these students appropriately.

Citations

• Development of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Program for Elementary School Students Using a Hybrid Application
  Shin-Jeong Kim, So-Ra Kang, Jung Min Lee
  Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 109.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Needs About Sexual Abuse Prevention Education Between Elementary School Students and Teachers
  Shin-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Ah Kang, Haeryun Cho, Hae Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(3): 215.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors on Knowledge of Contraception
  Gyeung ran Lee, Jung Ae Kim
  The journal of the convergence on culture technolo.2015; 1(4): 19.     CrossRef
• Relationships Among Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Knowledge and Social Support of Middle School Students
  Chong-Min Hong, Eun-Hee Hwang
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2013; 13(8): 240.     CrossRef
• A Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Need for Sex Education in High School Students
  Ya Ki Yang
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2012; 18(3): 159.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction prevention program for middle school students, and to examine the effects of the program on self-esteem, self-efficacy, impulsiveness, and cell phone use.
METHODS
The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pre-test-post-test design. The participants were 63 middle school students (31 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were given the cell phone addiction prevention program. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program.
RESULTS
Students in the experimental group reported a significant increase in self-esteem compared to students in the control group. Students in the experimental group also reported a significant decrease in cell phone use compared to students in the control group.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate that the cell phone addiction prevention program was effective in increasing self-esteem and decreasing cell phone use in middle school students.

Citations

• Self-concept clarity and Internet addiction disorder among junior high school students: A moderate mediation model
  Yue Wang, Weiyi Tang, Lei Cao, Ying Li
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review of Prevention and Intervention Strategies for Smartphone Addiction in Students: Applicability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Xiao-xia Liu Liu
  Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies.2021; 21(2): 1.     CrossRef
• Problematic cell phone use, depression, anxiety, and self-regulation: Evidence from a three year longitudinal study from adolescence to emerging adulthood
  Sarah M. Coyne, Laura Stockdale, Kjersti Summers
  Computers in Human Behavior.2019; 96: 78.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast-Self Examination among Middle and High School Girls
  Shin Jeong Kim, Jung Min Lee, Hae Young Min, Hye Young Min
  Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 147.     CrossRef
• Effects of Self Esteem, Impulsive Behavior and Mental Health on Cellular Phone Addiction of Adolescents
  Hea-Shoon Lee
  The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(6): 200.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Prevention Program for Media Addiction on Television Addiction, Internet Addiction, Cellular Addiction, and Impulsiveness in Elementary School Students.
  Hyun Young Koo
  Child Health Nursing Research.2013; 19(4): 270.     CrossRef
• Effects of a Cell Phone Use Education Program on Knowledge, Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Self-control of Cell Phone Use in Elementary School Students
  Hyun-Young Koo
  Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(3): 109.     CrossRef