The objective of this research was to examine current telehealth practices in managing children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to map existing implementations using the American Medical Association’s Virtual Care Value Framework. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed, were searched with specific keywords related to telehealth and ADHD. The screening process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In­clusion criteria were restricted to articles published in English between January 2000 and July 2024, focusing on children with ADHD, their parents, caregivers, family members, teachers, healthcare professionals, and articles implementing telehealth interventions. As a result, out of 389 initially identified articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were predominantly conducted in the United States. The most common telehealth meth­ods included videoconferencing and telephone-based communications. Key areas of fo­cus in these studies included clinical outcomes, access to care, patient and family experi­ence, caregiver experience, clinician experience, and financial and operational impact. However, none of the studies addressed health equity. In conclusion, telehealth has shown effectiveness in improving ADHD assessment, treatment adherence, and parental education, leading to positive patient outcomes and experiences. However, the financial impact of telehealth remains uncertain. Further research is needed, particularly outside the United States, to explore emerging telehealth technologies and areas overlooked by the Virtual Care Value Framework, such as health equity.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on caregiver well-being across various age groups of children diagnosed with ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) groups (0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years).
Methods
Utilizing secondary data from the 2022 US National Survey of Child Health, this cross-sectional study involved 2,752 children who were formally diagnosed with ADHD. Statistical analysis included descriptive analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation, chi-square tests, and linear regression, conducted using SPSS version 27.
Results
The study revealed a moderate positive correlation (r=.35, p<.001) between family resilience and caregiver well-being. Controlling for covariates, family resilience accounted for 25.2%, 21.1%, and 22.1% of caregiver well-being variance in age groups 0–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years, respectively. Additionally, factors like employment status, family structure, and caregiver age showed varying influences on caregiver well-being across these developmental stages. A consistent pattern emerged across these age groups: unemployment and non-traditional family structures were associated with negative impacts on caregiver well-being, whereas older caregiver age positively influenced well-being.
Conclusion
This research underscores the importance of age-specific family resilience strategies to improve caregiver well-being and family interactions in ADHD contexts. Investigating these aspects through qualitative studies across various cultures could deepen our understanding of well-being and inform culturally sensitive interventions.

Citations

• Being a parent of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
  Derya Evgin, Nuray Caner, Elif Bilge Alimoğlu, Yağmur Sezer Efe
  Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef