Purpose Smoking during pregnancy contributes to the risk of negative health outcomes in mothers and babies. The purposes of this study were to review the harmful effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fetal and child development, to discuss if maternal smoking should be criminalized as a form of child abuse, and to explore advocating for fetal rights.
Methods A variety of published literature and legal documents including the Korean constitution, criminal laws, and children’s welfare laws were reviewed and critically analyzed.
Results Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to experience abortion related to placental dysfunction. Their unborn risk premature birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, neurobehavioral disturbances, and/or other complications and newborn babies are also at risk for complications. The advocates for fetal rights can assert that maternal smoking should be regarded as a crime.
Conclusion Findings show that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a major risk factor for many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Effective strategies and health policies for smoking cessation during pregnancy are required to protect pregnant women and their babies.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Advanced Maternal Age 권은진, 조안젤라, 국내 조산 레지스트리 그룹, 박미혜, 김영주, 이경주, 박선화 JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF MATERNAL AND CHIL.2018; 22(2): 106. CrossRef
Does wastewater discharge have relations with increase of Turner syndrome and Down syndrome? Intae Choi Environmental Health and Toxicology.2017; 32: e2017012. CrossRef
Since 1990, descriptive studies about the concept of client advocacy have been published in the health journals.
However, empirical studies of the concept are still lacking.
There are not enough bases to apply the concept of client advocacy in nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to encourage empirical research about client advocacy by clarification of the concept and to discusses application of the theory in child healthcare. The literature was reviewed that empirical studies on client advocacy conducted after the year 2000. The changing trends in the client advocacy concept was examined; it was changed from the philosophical concept to nursing action and changed from individual advocacy to collective advocacy, with the rise of the self advocacy concept. The research trends on client advocacy evolves from descriptive study to quasi-experimental study and instrument development study, with diversification and expansion of research methods, advocates, clients and settings. The advocacy role of the nurse in child healthcare is significant due to the child's lack of self determination ability. In ill child care, the application of individual advocacy is potent, while in healthy child care, collective advocacy, policy advocacy, and social advocacy is effective.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Social Influencing Factors of Clinical Nurses’ Patient Advocacy Myungji Kim, Hyunkyung Choi Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administratio.2023; 29(4): 363. CrossRef
Factors influencing clinical nurses’ advocacy for people with disability Ji Young Jeon, Hyunkyung Choi The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2020; 26(3): 269. CrossRef
Critical Discussion on Smoking During Pregnancy as a Form of Fetal Abuse: An Approach to Advocate for Fetal Right to Life Youngmee Kim, Kap-Chul Cho Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 317. CrossRef
A Critical Discussion on the Academic Fundamentals and the Missions of Child Health Nursing Kap-Chul Cho Child Health Nursing Research.2015; 21(4): 311. CrossRef
First
Prev
