Purpose This study aimed to identify the attributes of social adjustment among adolescent cancer survivors using concept analysis and to propose a definition of the concept.
Methods In accordance with the hybrid model of concept analysis, this study employed a three-phase circular process comprising theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis phases. A thorough literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Korean databases, followed by qualitative fieldwork with seven participants. The results derived from the theoretical and fieldwork phases were integrated into the final analysis phase.
Results Four attributes of social adjustment were found in adolescent cancer survivors: having harmonious relationships with friends, having harmonious relationships with boy/girlfriends, fulfilling their present roles, and planning for and expecting future roles. The following definition of social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors is proposed: “the conquering of difficulties arising from the continuum of childhood cancer and the achievement of the developmental tasks of typical adolescents.”
Conclusion Social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors is crucial for integrating them into society. The findings of this study provide a basis for developing an instrument to measure the social adjustment of adolescent cancer survivors and for developing of interventions that target this group.
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Mediators of Social Acceptance Among Emerging Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer Sylvia L. Crowder, Rebecca H. Foster, Acadia W. Buro, Robyn Dillon, Kamar Godder, Marilyn Stern Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology.2023; 12(5): 644. CrossRef
Development and psychometric properties of the social adjustment scale for youth cancer survivors in South Korea Sumi Oh, Hyejung Lee, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Chang Gi Park, Hyoung Jin Kang Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(7): 100241. CrossRef
Development and Validation of the Social Adjustment Scale for Adolescent Cancer Survivors Sumi Oh, hyejung Lee, Sue Kim, Sanghee Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Chang-gi Park, Hyoung Jin Kang SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Research trends related to childhood and adolescent cancer survivors in South Korea using word co-occurrence network analysis Kyung-Ah Kang, Suk Jung Han, Jiyoung Chun, Hyun-Yong Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 201. CrossRef
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate psychological capital, sense of community and stress in relation to school adjustment and to identify factors influencing school adjustment in middle school students.
Methods This study population consisted of 150 middle school students. Data were analyzed using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.
Results The mean score for school adjustment in middle school students was 3.68 out of 5 points. School adjustment explained 34% of the variance in sense of community (β=.39, p<.001), positive psychological capital (β=.35, p<.001), academic performance (β=.26, p<.001), and stress (β=-.21, p<.001).
Conclusion The results of our research suggest that sense of community is an important variable influencing school adjustment in middle school students. Therefore, to promote school adjustment in middle school students, it is necessary to develop and implement active educational strategies promoting sense of community, positive psychological capital, academic perfomance, and controlling stress.
Purpose This study aimed to identify variables influencing the psychosocial adjustment of North Korean adolescent refugees in order to establish a structural equation model and design an intervention strategy to improve psychosocial adjustment.
Methods The subjects included 290 North Korean adolescent refugees aged 16~24 years who were enrolled in alternative schools or regional adaptation centers. They were surveyed using a structured questionnaire.
Results The goodness of fit measures of the model were as follows: x2=131.20 (p<.001), GFI=.93, CFI=.91, TLI=.86, RMSEA=.08, and SRMR=.07. The results estimated from the structural equation model indicated a good fit of data to the hypothesized model, which proposed that stress and emotional intelligence are associated with psychosocial adjustment. The major variables influencing psychosocial adjustment were stress, emotional intelligence, which was a significant direct effect, whereas attitude of parenting showed an indirect effect on psychosocial adjustment through emotional intelligence. These variables account for 50.0% of psychosocial adjustment.
Conclusion It is necessary to develop a program and intervention plan that can enhance emotional intelligence and thereby relieve the stress of North Korean adolescent refugees. The program should also include parenting education so that parents have positive attitude of parenting.
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Psychosocial-Adjustment Needs of North Korean Refugee Youth from the Perspectives of Alternative-School Members Hwayeon Myeong, Ahlam Lee, Eun-A Park, Yea Eun Gong, MiHyang Kim, Hyunjung Jo Journal of Refugee Studies.2021; 34(2): 2200. CrossRef
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement properties of self-report questionnaires measuring the social adjustment for youth after treatment of childhood cancer.
Methods Social adjustment measurement tools were identified through a two-stage systematic review. First, we searched for articles using self-report questionnaires to measure the social adjustment of youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The appropriate tools were listed and categorized. Second, using methodological filters, we searched 5 electronic databases for articles examining the measurement properties of the tools when used with youth after the treatment of childhood cancer. The quality of these papers was then evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.
Results Eight tools were frequently used to measure social adjustment. Eight studies investigated the measurement properties of 4 of these tools. The PedsQL 4.0 and MMQL-AF had moderate to strong evidence in some domains, but the rest of the domains had a lack of evidence. The SF-36 and KIDSCREEN-27 were validated for only a few areas.
Conclusion We found a lack of evidence regarding the measurement properties of these tools. More research is required on the measurement properties of tools for use in this population.
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Research trends related to childhood and adolescent cancer survivors in South Korea using word co-occurrence network analysis Kyung-Ah Kang, Suk Jung Han, Jiyoung Chun, Hyun-Yong Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 201. CrossRef
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Purpose This study was done to identify the level of adjustment to hospital life, hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear by school-aged children, and investigate the influence of hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear on the hospital life of these children.
Methods Participants were 112 three to six grade students who were hospitalized from 3 to 7 days at one of two children’s hospital. Date were collected from September 2015 to March 2016. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression.
Results The mean score for adjustment to hospital life was 3.43±0.40 of 5, for hospitalization recognition, 2.98±0.46 of 4 and for hospital-related fear, 1.37±0.28 of 3. Factors affecting adjustment to hospital life were hospital-related fear (β=-.28, p=.002) and hospitalization recognition (β=.27, p=.003). These factors explained 17% of the variance in adjustment to hospital life.
Conclusion Results indicate that adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children is not sufficient enough for them to cope with illnesses and hospitalization. Therefore, to improve adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children, nursing interventions that focus on increasing hospitalization recognition and decreasing hospital-related fear need to be developed.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the ecological factors influencing school adjustment of adolescents from low-income families.
Methods Secondary data analysis was performed using data of 1,321 low-income adolescents in 123 regions found on the Survey on Service Satisfaction with Community Child Care Center.
Results The results of multi-level analysis identified the factors influencing school adjustment of low-income adolescents as follows: individual-level factors were gender, grade in school, and emotional problem; an interpersonal-level factor was family structure; organizational-level factors were length of time attending center and satisfaction with the service of the center; community-level factors were region and perception of community.
Conclusion The results suggest that low-income adolescents’ adjustment to school is influenced not only by individual factors but also by diverse environmental factors. Community factors suggest that more education support systems and leisure facilities for adolescents need to be built in small and medium cities. Strategies to enhance positive perception of community are also needed for this population. Further, it is necessary to develop multi-level interventions to improve the school adjustment of adolescents from vulnerable social groups.
PURPOSE The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of mothers' parenting attitude as perceived by the child to self-esteem, and school adjustment of school age children with Tetrology of Fallot (TOF). METHODS In this study a self-administered questionnaire survey was used to collect the data. The participants included 38 children who were registered in a pediatric cardiology clinic in one tertiary medical center. Their ages were between 11 and 15 years. They were diagnosed with TOF, and had no other congenital problems. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2009. After obtaining telephone consent from the mothers and children, questionnaires were mailed to 64 participants and 38 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) WIN 15.0 version. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between perceived parenting attitude, self-esteem, and school adjustment of children with TOF. CONCLUSION Children who perceive their mothers' parenting attitude to be more positive also report higher self-esteem and better school adjustment. These findings are similar to other studies done with healthy school age children.
However, parents of children with TOF may require different parenting approaches to foster positive self-esteem and school adjustment.
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PURPOSE The purposes of this study were to assess social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors and to identify factors affecting social adjustment. METHODS Data were collected from 79 childhood cancer survivors and his/her parents. The survey consisted of questions related to characteristics, physical functioning, depression, self-esteem and coping strategies. The Social Competence Inventory was used to measure social adjustment in the children. RESULTS The level of social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors was 83.5 out of a possible 155. Physical functioning, depression, self-esteem, and aggressive or proactive coping strategies were associated with social adjustment. Only physical functioning independently affected social adjustment. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that there are several factors influencing social adjustment of childhood cancer survivors, and therefore there is a need for programs that deal with all aspects of children's physical as well as emotional health in order to enhance their social adjustment.
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Health-related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Yu Min Hwang, Kyung-Sook Bang Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(4): 402. CrossRef
Feasibility and benefits of a combined programme of exercise and play for paediatric cancer survivors: A pilot study Yoonjung Kim, SungJe Park European Journal of Cancer Care.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Measurement Properties of Self-Report Questionnaires Measuring the Social Adjustment for Youth after Treatment of Childhood Cancer: Systematic Review Su-Mi Oh, Sun-Young Park, Hye-Jung Lee, Ju Hee Lee Child Health Nursing Research.2018; 24(1): 78. CrossRef
The Experiences of Korean Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer Jaehee Yi, Min Ah Kim, Sangmin An Qualitative Health Research.2016; 26(8): 1044. CrossRef
Predictors of Resilience in Adolescents with Leukemia Sung Sil Hong, Ho Ran Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015; 45(4): 595. CrossRef
Trends in Nursing Research on Children and Adolescents with Cancer in Korea Sang-Dol Kim, So-Eun Choi, Sun-Hee Choi Asian Oncology Nursing.2015; 15(3): 123. CrossRef
The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent teenagers accepted sexual relations, and to determine in which way that was affected by their disposition of stimuli, one of the psychological factors, and by their adjustment to school life, one of the environmental factors, as those factors seemed to have impact on that. This study was of descriptive correlational approach, and the subjects were 962 boy and girl students randomly selected from regular and business high schools. The data were collected from May through July 2002, and SPSS win 10.0 program was employed for data analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the students investigated got a mean of 44.49 marks on school adjustment. Their sensation seeking got an average of 130.10 marks. Their sexual allowance got a mean of 38.90 marks. Second is to regard the influence of their general characteristics on school adjustment, sensation seeking and sexual allowance. school adjustment was significant on gender, grade, career track, religion, school record, economic state, sexual intercourse. Sensation seeking was significant on all of their general characteristics. Sexual allowance was significant on all except economic state. Third, concerning correlation among sexual allowance, school adjustment and sensation seeking, sexual allowance was positively correlated to sensation seeking and negatively to school adjustment. The above-mentioned findings suggested that school adjustment and stimuli pursuit was associated with sexual attitude, and the findings of this study are expected to make any contribution to creating an ideal sexual culture for the youth.
PURPOSE The study was done to identify adjustment to hospital life of school aged children. This research was designed as a descriptive study. METHOD A convenience sample of 186 patients who were hospitalized children, 6~12 years old. The instrument in this study were developed by researcher and constructed to include 5 sub categories about adjustment to hospital life.
They ask children to rate each item on 5 Likert scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS Win Program. RESULT The mean average score of adjustment to hospital life was 91.75(SD+/-11.22); the social support revealed the highest value, followed by self-esteem, stress on disease, stress on hospitalization, and defense strategies. There was differences on bibliographic data; hospital date, disease type. The relationship between adjustment and sub categories was significant, especially in the stress on hospitalization and disease, social support and self-esteem. The relationship between coping strategies and stress on diseases was reversed. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pediatric nurses need to be aware of the adjustment to hospital life. A development of nursing intervention program may be useful and critical for hospitalized school aged children.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of school children's internet addiction and to explicit the relationship among the internet addiction, family environment and school adjustment. METHOD The subjects of the study were 640 students from 5th and 6th year children of five elementary schools in G city.
The data were analyzed by SAS program with frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, chi2-test, ANOVA and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. RESULT In the degree of the internet addiction were 10.0% of addiction group, 58.0% of intermediate group, and 32.0% of nonaddiction group. There were significant differences in family environment score(F=25.09, p=.0001) and school adjustment score(F=34.46, p=.0001) regarding internet addiction degree. The relationship among internet addiction score, family environment score and school adjustment score revealed a significant inverse correlation(r=-0.32, p=.0001, r=-0.35, p=.0001). And the relationship between family environment score and school adjustment score revealed a significant correlation(r=0.52, p=.0001). CONCLUSION The degree of school children's internet addiction has been found to be very high and correlated to the family environment and school adjustment. Therefore, programs should be developed in order to improve this situation.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare psychosocial adjustment in children aged 4-11 years with cancer between on and off treatment. METHOD The data was collected from parents of children with cancer through interviews with structured questionnaire at the pediatric outpatient department and inpatient ward of one university hospital located in Seoul. The instrument were the Child Behavior Check List(CBCL) developed by Achenbach(1991) and revised to standardize for Korean children by Oh et al(1997). RESULT Total behavior problem score for children on treatment was greater than the score off treatment but there was no significant difference. Children on treatment reported higher levels of depression/anxiety, withdrawal, internalizing scores than children off treatment. Social competence score of children off treatment was greater than the score on treatment and the difference of school performance score of children between on and off treatment was not significant. The scores on the withdrawal, somatic complaints, social immaturity, internalizing scales in the cancer group including both on and off treatment was greater than normative findings in the general population. The scores on the school competence of children off treatment were lower than the norms for healthy children. CONCLUSION Findings from this study support the importance of nursing interventions to facilitate the adjustment of children with cancer both on and off therapy.
Purpose This study was done to describe psychosocial adjustment of adolescents who have survived childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Method: Out of a total of 16 adolescents (11~20 years old) registered at the Pediatric Oncology Clinic at one university affiliated hospital, 13 adolescents agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The contents of the interviews were analyzed using the inductive content analysis method. Result: Three main categories were identified 'personal characteristics', 'coping patterns', and 'interpersonal relationship'. Personal characteristics included self-praise, self-confidence, altruism, being worrisome, and being difficult. Coping patterns included positive thinking, activeness, and avoidance. Interpersonal relationship included appreciation, intimacy, burdened by over protectiveness, and feelings of regret and equality as peers. Conclusion: The results indicate that adolescents who have survived childhood cancer have both positive and negative experiences. It is suggested that care providers identify and support the strengths of the adolescents in order to help them to adjust more positively after the experience of childhood cancer.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to describe the relationships between resilience, coping and adjustment to illness and to identify the effect of resilience on adjustment in children with chronic illness. METHOD The participants in this study were 71 children who were seen at one of 3 hospitals, either in outpatient clinics or as admitted patients. Instruments used in this study were self-reported questionnaires. The data were collected from March to October, 2005 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT Adjustment to illness was significantly different according to sex and birth rank. There was a significant correlation between resilience, coping and adjustment to illness. Resilience was a predictor of adjustment to illness and accounted for 28% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that programs and strategies that enhance resilience by promoting social competence and support-seeking skills and by fostering self-esteem and coping should be developed for children with chronic illness.
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