Purpose The purpose of this study was to construct a structural model that explains the factors affecting aggression among elementary school students and to verify their suitability.
Methods The study period was from June to August 2018. The study subjects were fifth- and sixth- graders at an elementary school. In total, 291 surveys were collected, of which 259 were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and AMOS version 24.0.
Results The fit of the final model was acceptable (x2=160.08 [p<.001], GFI=.921, AGFI=.869, CFI=.919, SRMR=.057, and RMSEA=.086). Thus, eight of the 10 hypotheses were shown to be statistically significant.
Conclusion The results of this study indicate that positive and open parenting behaviors and training children to engage in self-control are needed to reduce their aggression. In addition, considerable attention and education are required in the home, school, and society so that children can learn to properly recognize and express their emotions and establish suitable beliefs regarding aggressive behavior.
Purpose Study purpose was to describe the child safety injury experiences, injury prevention behaviors and educational needs of immigrant Vietnamese women on Jeju Island, and to explore associations among those factors.
Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted using structured questionnaires to collect data from immigrant Vietnamese women who visited a multicultural centers on Jeju Island from January to April, 2017.
Results Data from 60 women were analyzed. They were 28.2±5.5 years old, had resided in Korea for 40.6±31.1 months, and had 1.5±0.6 children on average. In total, 51.7% had previous injury prevention education, 68.2% had experienced child safety injuries, and 95.0% wanted to receive education on how to prevent child safety injuries. The mean total score of child injury prevention behaviors was 27.33±17.79, and that variable was associated with a longer duration of formal education (t=2.41, p=.021) and with women’s experiences of child safety injury (t=5.97, p<.001).
Conclusion Immigrant Vietnamese women experienced a higher frequency of child safety injuries and needed educational opportunities to prevent these injuries. Further research is necessary to develop the essential content and effective methods for education on child safety injury prevention among this unique multicultural population.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory on changes in the drinking habits of college students with drinking problems.
Methods This study included a total of 68 college students with drinking problems. These participants participated in 10 sessions of a moderate drinking program in which social cognitive theory was applied. Changes in the cognition and behaviors of the participants were then investigated.
Results The moderate drinking program based on social cognitive theory for college students with drinking problems was effective in increasing the subjects' drinking-related knowledge (U=191.50, p<.001), enhancing their drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=8.02, p<.001), and changing their drinking-related attitudes (U=108.50, p<.001), drinking outcome expectancy (t=8.68, p<.001), amount of drinking in a single session (x2=25.72, p<.001), number of drinking sessions per month (x2=10.05, p=.006), and problem drinking behaviors (t=5.77, p<.001).
Conclusion These results can be used to inform a regular on-campus intervention programs for moderate drinking, and to implement education about moderate drinking, thereby increasing the success rate of drinking reduction.
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Purpose This study was conducted to describe parenting stress in mothers of preschoolers who were born prematurely and to determine factors affecting parenting stress in child’s problem behavior, mother-child interaction and parenting alliance.
Methods An exploratory survey study was conducted with 66 mothers of preschool children (5~6 years) with preterm births (PTB). Data were collected using Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS), and Parenting Alliance Inventory (PAI).
Results Of the 66 mothers, 8(12.1%) showed high scores that were more than borderline for the PSI total score. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower scores on the PAI (β=-.41, p<.001), higher scores on the externalizing problem behavior of the CBCL (β=.40, p=.001), and lower scores on the MPIS (β=-.21, p=.043) were statistically significant contributors to maternal parenting stress.
Conclusion Findings indicate that mothers of PTB preschool children are at risk for parenting stress. Child’s externalizing problem behavior, poor maternal- child interaction and parenting alliance were independent factors raising maternal parenting stress. More attention is needed on paternal parenting support, child’s behavioral development, interaction with children for effective prevention and management of maternal parenting stress of PTB young children.
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Purpose This study was conducted to identify the sexual maturation, parenting attitude, maturity fear and emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school, and to examine the relation between these variables and factors that influence emotional and behavioral problems.
Methods Participants were 128 second, third and fourth year students from 3 elementary schools. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results Emotional and behavioral problems were related to eating rate, eating breakfast, frequency of late-night snacks and main communicator on pubertal development. Emotional and behavioral problems showed a positive correlation with maturity fear and father’s parenting attitude (strictness) and a negative correlation with parenting attitude and father’s parenting attitude (intimacy). Maturity fear, father’s parenting attitude, eating breakfast, and main communicator on pubertal development had significant influence on emotional and behavioral problems of girls in elementary school.
Conclusion Findings show that for effective management of emotional and behavioral problems in elementary school girls, programs including coping with maturity fear, supportive parenting of father, diet education, and functional communication with mother on pubertal development should be developed.
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore how characteristics of ADHD children affect social support for mothers, parenting stress, parenting sense of competence, coping, and quality of life. The conceptual model was based on the Lazarus and Folkman’s stress-evaluation- coping theory.
Methods Data were collected 208 mothers of children with ADHD. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs.
Results The proposed model was good fit for the data based on the model fit indices. Parenting stress, parenting sense of competence and coping directly affected quality of life but characteristics of the children and social support had only an indirect effect. The explanatory power of these variables was 52.1%.
Conclusion The results of this study indicate that nursing strategies to increase social support for mothers with ADHD children, lowers parenting stress, improves parenting sense of competence, and guides the parents to choose appropriate coping. In particular, as social support has the strongest influence on the quality of life, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention programs that utilize social support for parents with ADHD children.
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Purpose This study was done to identify contraceptive practices in adolescent girls in South Korea and predictors of contraceptive practices.
Methods The study sample included 743 girls who had experienced sexual activity. Using statistics from the 12th (2016) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results The contraceptive practice rate for adolescent girls was 34%. Contraceptive practice was associated with ‘age at first intercourse’ and ‘sexual intercourse after drinking’. For adolescent girls who had early sexual initiation and drank alcohol before sexual intercourse there was a tendency to reduce the practice of contraception.
Conclusion It is necessary to provide practical sex education to improve the practice of contraception in these adolescents. In addition, adolescent girls should be encourage to delay their first intercourse. The results of this study can also be used to develop education interventions regarding healthy sexuality behaviour including the practice of contraception.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of early menarche on sexual experience among high school girls in South Korea.
Methods The study sample was comprised of 16,286 high school girls. Using statistics from the 11th (2015) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted.
Results Among the girls, 5.8% reported early menarche. Early menarche was associated with sexual experience (Odds Ratio (OR), 5.27; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 4.11-6.77). Controlled for sociodemographic, emotional and health behavior characteristics, early menarche was associated with sexual experience (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 3.04-5.21).
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ perception and behaviors in the case of a child safety accident.
Methods The participants were 254 parents of children under 12 years old. Data were collected from October 12 to November 25, 2016 using self-report questionnaire.
Results The mean score for parental perception and behaviors showed a high score of 3.12±0.30. In addition, the top three categories were drug management (3.45±0.54), prevention of burns (3.34±0.52), and vehicle safety (3.34±0.44). The overall difference in categories of perception and behaviors about child safety accidents according to demographic characteristics of participants, was developmental age (F=5.616, p=.004). Most of the categories had significant correlation with other categories.
Conclusion Findings in this study show parental perception and behaviors were relatively high. It is recommended that safety education for parents should be done for a healthy life for their children.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify effects of parenting stress in North Korean refugee fathers on their parenting behavior.
Methods A descriptive study design was used. Data were collected during 2014 and 2015 in a settlement support center for North Korean refugees and 99 North Korean refugee fathers participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.
Results Warmth․encouragement parenting behavior received the highest score. The score for parenting stress was 81.98 out of 180, and 32.3% of participants were found to need professional help (≥PSI 90). There were significant negative correlations between warmth․encouragement parenting behavior and parenting stress. There were also significant positive correlations between rejection․neglect parenting behavior and parenting stress. Predictors of warmth․encouragement behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction which explained 10.1% of the variance. Predictors of rejection․neglect behavior were parent-child dysfunctional interaction, number of children and wife’s education level which explained 33.4% of the variance.
Conclusion Findings show that North Korean refugee fathers’ parenting stress significantly influenced warmth․encouragement and rejection․neglect parenting behavior indicating a need to identify ways to decrease parenting stress. Parenting education can guide North Korean refugee fathers to strengthen parent-child positive interactions and therefore promote their children’s growth and development.
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Purpose The study was done to investigate behavioral problems in toddlers who were born prematurely and to analyze related factors.
Methods A cross-sectional explorative study was conducted with 72 preterm birth (PTB) children at 24 to 41 months of corrected age who were born at 28 to 37 weeks’ gestation. During home visits, behavior problems were assessed using the Behavior Rating Index for Children (BRIC). Using a BRIC score of ≥30, children with suspected behavior problems were grouped in the non-regular behavior group.
Results Of the children, 38.9% belong to the non-regular behavior group. The mental development index score for the Korean-Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II was higher for the non-regular behavior group compared to the regular behavior group (t = 2.26, p = .027). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower maternal attachment (<96, OR=3.4, 95% CI[1.1, 10.4]) and higher parenting stress (≥97, OR=4.8, 95% CI[1.3, 17.3]) were independently related to non-regular behavior.
Conclusion PTB Toddlers are at risk for behavior problems which are associated with low cognitive performance. Maternal-child attachment and maternal parenting stress were strongly related to behavior problems in these children. More attention is needed to understand possible behavior problems in young children with PTB, particularly focusing on maternal-child interaction and maternal mental well-being.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a school adaptation program (SAP) for school-age children with emotional and behavioral problems who attended public elementary schools.
Methods SAP, developed by the authors, addresses school adaptation and academic efficacy and consists of 10 sessions based on five categories (i.e., school life, classroom activity, relationship with friends, relationship with teacher, and school environment). Sixteen children with emotional and behavior problems answered questionnaires before and after participation in the program.
Results The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre and post-test on school adaptation (t=-2.78, p = .015) and academic efficacy (t = -4.62, p < .001) after the 10 sessions of SAP.
Conclusion The results indicate that SAP can could serve as a practical program for school nurses and teachers. Further studies based on SAP in various school settings are recommended.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among preschoolers’ smartphone addiction tendency, problem behaviors, and parenting efficacy of the mothers of these children.
Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used with self-administered questionnaires. A total of 83 mothers of preschoolers aged 4-6 years and their preschool teachers from a kindergarten participated in the study.
Results Mean daily time spent by the preschoolers on smartphones was about 45 minutes/day. About 40% spent more than 60 minutes/day on smartphones. The majority (69.8%) used smartphones without adult supervision. The level of smartphone addiction tendency among the pre-schoolers was 1.52±0.45 on a 4-point scale. Preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for more than 60 minutes/day showed a higher level of smartphone addiction tendency than preschoolers whose mothers use smartphones for less than 60 minutes/day. Also smartphone addiction tendency among preschoolers had a positive correlation with hyperactive-distractible behavior (r = .228, p = .038) and a negative correlation with parenting efficacy of their mothers (r = -.299, p = .006).
Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that preschooler’s smartphone addiction tendency is significantly associated with hyperactive-distractible behaviors of the children and low parenting efficacy among their mothers. Therefore well-designed care plans for these populations should be provided to decrease smartphone addiction tendency.
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PURPOSE This descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of perfectionism to anger thought and problem behaviors. In addition, the mediating effect of anger thought in relation to perfectionism and problem behaviors was investigated. METHODS Data were collected from 807 students in a girls' high school, and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and hierachical multiple regression were used with SPSS/PC 18.0 program to analyze the data. RESULTS There were significant differences in anger thought (primary and secondary anger-thought) and problem behaviors between the upper 25% and lower 25% group for perfectionism.
Primary and secondary anger-thought had a significant mediating effect in relation to perfectionism and problem behaviors. CONCLUSION For effective management and prevention of adolescent women's problem behaviors, programs including perfectionism and anger thought should be developed. Further research is necessary in order to draw a consensus on cognitive factors as mediators between the related factors of problem behaviors.
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PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify factors affecting mental health and behavioral problems among high school students through the lens of a Social Cognitive Career Theory. METHODS A descriptive study was carried out with 384 high school students in Seoul, Korea. A self-administrative questionnaire was used. It consisted of items on person .
background variables, career-related variables including career barriers, learning experiences, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and career indecision, and mental health and behavioral problems. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS The results showed that perceived stress (t=5.12, p<.001), perceived health status (t=-4.08, p=.002), and school record (t=5.46, p<.001) were statistically significant variables. Also, career barriers (t=10.57, p<.001) was a significant factor influencing mental health and behavioral problems. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that among career-related variables, career barrier needs to be considered for preventive and therapeutic approach to mental health and behavioral problems in adolescents. Furthermore, the results suggest that career-related stress level should be assessed in high school students on a regular basis.
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Self-esteem affected behavioral problems by total and direct effects. CONCLUSION Child rearing attitude and self-esteem of children are important factors affecting behavioral problems in elementary school children.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to find out preschool children's health status and their mothers' health management in the vulnerable classes. METHODS The assessment tool was developed, taken into consideration existing studies, materials produced by the customized visiting health care system, and review of visiting nurses of health centers and related experts. Data were collected January to February 2010 from 259 mothers by visiting nurses, and analyzed using SAS program for descriptive statistics. RESULTS Body weight less than 3 percentile was found for 5.0% children and over 97 percentile for 7.7%. Atopy was found in 17.8% children, no hand-washing after toileting and before meal in 30.9% and 36.7% respectively, no breakfast in 15.8%, and irregular meal in 32.0%. Sex education was made by 45.7% mothers, regular dental check by 56.6%, and hearing and eyesight test by 61.1% and 66.8% respectively. Home environment for upbringing is 34.3 in the scale of 41, and accident prevention 17.5 in the scale of 22. CONCLUSION It is necessary to make an intervention on children's weight, personal sanitation and meal time in the vulnerable classes. Mothers need to be educated for appropriate health care, and home environments to improve upbringing and accident prevention.
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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of being from low-income families on children's behavior problems and obesity. METHODS The research design was a descriptive survey study, and the participants were 197 children from low-income families who took part in activities at a local children's center. They were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed a questionnaire, BASC-2 (Behavior Assessment System for Children). RESULTS The results are as follows: 22.3% had obesity, a rate higher than that of children in general. Further, 37.3% had attention deficit problems, 33.8% had problems adapting to school and 49% had other adaption problem. There was a gender-specific difference with respect to all of the behavior problems. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate a lack of an identified child policy for behavior problems and health, and suggest a need for various programs and policies which could lead to development of behavior screening programs for children from low-income families.
, In Soo Kwon
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