Purpose The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize previous research on perceptions of school health care among school-aged children and adolescents with chronic diseases.
Methods This study was performed in accordance with Whittemore and Knafl's stages of an integrative review (problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation of the results). Four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science) were used to retrieve relevant articles.
Results Eighteen articles were included in this review. We identified five thematic categories: peer-related issues, a safe school environment, self-perception of an existing disease, self-management, and a supportive school environment.
Conclusion It is necessary to establish a school health care system with a supportive environment for children and adolescents with chronic diseases.
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Purpose This study was conducted to design services for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.
Methods The service design process had four phases: discovery, definition, development, and delivery. The participants were 23 mothers of hospitalized children with an acute disease, and seven nurses and three doctors working at a pediatric hospital. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and observations. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.
Results The participants reported needs for explanations about the treatment, skillful nursing, and environmental improvements. The concept of the services was familiarity and enjoyment, aimed at solving the problems of unfamiliarity and boredom. A six-guideline was presented for improving the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases: improvement of awareness, development of educational materials, improvement of skills, environmental improvements, play activities, and evaluations of user satisfaction.
Conclusion These findings indicate that nursing services should deliver familiarity and enjoyment to hospitalized children and their families. The findings of this study emphasize that the service design methodology can be used to improve the quality of care of hospitalized children with acute diseases.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an educational intervention by evaluating neonatal emergency airway management knowledge, critical thinking disposition, problem- solving ability, and confidence in clinical performance after developing and operating a simulation-based neonatal emergency airway management education program for nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods The participants were 30 nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit. Data were collected from June 6 to 15, 2018 and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0.
Results The results of the pretest and posttest for each educational group showed statistically significant improvements in neonatal emergency airway management knowledge, critical thinking, problem- solving ability, and confidence in clinical performance.
Conclusion The simulation-based neonatal emergency airway management training program was an effective educational program that enhanced neonatal emergency airway management knowledge, critical thinking disposition, problem-solving ability, and confidence in clinical performance among nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit. Therefore, it is suggested that the program described in this study can contribute to improving nursing quality by enhancing the ability of nurses to cope with emergencies in practice. It can also be used for education for new nurses and contribute to the development of nurses’ practices.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between self-management and diabetes knowledge, diabetesrelated attitudes, family support, and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the information-motivation- behavior skills model.
Methods Data collection was conducted between March 18 and September 30, 2018. Patients (N=87) aged 12 to 19 years were recruited from the outpatient clinic of S children’s hospital and an online community for patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearsons correlation, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS IBM 23.0, with the two-tailed level of significance set at 0.05.
Results The mean score of self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 61.23±10.00 out of 80. The regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and family support significantly explained 56.9% of the variance in self-management (F=21.38, p<.001). Self-efficacy (β=.504, p<.001) and family support (β=.188, p<.001) were significant predictors of self-management.
Conclusion It is necessary to develop individual interventions to improve self-efficacy and family support for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus to help them enhance their self-management.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop parent coaching domains for the health management of childhood leukemia survivors.
Methods In this study, we conducted a literature review and in-depth interviews with 6 parents of childhood leukemia survivors who were identified using convenience sampling. We identified areas of parent coaching through the 4 stages of the GROW model, which are: goal setting, realistic grasp, confirmation of realization, and search for alternatives.
Results Nine domains and 27 subcategories emerged from the study. The 9 parent coaching domains for the health management of childhood leukemia survivors were routine life management, education and information provision, emotional support for the surviving children, social support for the surviving children, follow-up management, family support, school life management, symptom management, and improvement of growth and development.
Conclusion This research developed 9 parent coaching domains for the health management of children surviving leukemia. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the efficient health management of childhood leukemia survivors by enabling practitioners to continuously identify new coaching domains as needed for their health management. Researchers should improve the health management of childhood leukemia survivors by developing nursing interventions for these new coaching areas.
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Purpose This study aimed to identify the effects of the mother-medical staff partnership on mothers’ condition management ability for children with chronic allergic diseases.
Methods A total of 109 Korean mothers caring for a child with a chronic allergic diseases, identified according to the allergic march, such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma, were recruited from the pediatric department of a general hospital in Seoul through convenience sampling. Data were collected using structured self-reported questionnaires from August 1, 2017 to October 31, 2017. and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression using SPSS version 22.0.
Results The Mother-medical staff partnership had a statistically significant effect on mothers’ condition management ability for children with chronic allergic diseases (p<.05). Among the general characteristics, satisfaction with nursing services had a statistically significant effect on mothers’ condition management ability (p<.05).
Conclusion In conclusion, strategies to support children with chronic allergic diseases, as well as their caregivers, should consider the mother-medical staff partnership as part of a family-centered approach.
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Purpose This study of secondary analysis aims to compare family management style according to severity in children with atopic dermatitis.
Methods A convenience sample of 109 Korean mothers caring for a child with atopic dermatitis, were recruited from the pediatric departments of two general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from November 1, 2015 to February 28, 2016. A structured self-report questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and one-way ANOVA with IBM SPSS Version 22.0.
Results For family management style, condition management effort, family life difficulty, and view of condition impact were significantly different according to the severity of the atopic dermatitis in these children.
Conclusion The findings indicate that family management strategies to enhance care of children with atopic dermatitis as well as members of the family should include these significant variables in a family-centered approach.
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Purpose The purposes of this study were to explore knowledge, barriers, and self-efficacy in relation to pain management practice, and to identify factors influencing pain management practice in pediatric nurses.
Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 237 pediatric nurses from a metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test or analysis of variance and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses.
Results The mean percentage of correct answers on the children’s pain management knowledge scale was 58.8%. Child and parent related factors were the main barriers for pain management. Self-efficacy to assess children’s pain across developmental stages was particularly low. Pain management practices for assessing pain and non-pharmacological interventions were relatively low. Factors significantly affecting children’s pain management practice were current conditions of work department and self-efficacy in pain management, and these factors accounted for 37.5% of the variance in pain management practice.
Conclusion The results suggest that an integrative education program needs to be developed to improve self-efficacy in children’s pain management practice. Moreover, good communication, building cooperative relationships with children and parents, and a more active role by pediatric nurses are required to carry out more effective pain management.
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Methods One group pre-post time series design was used. Infection control education for MDRO infection was provided to nurses working in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Knowledge and recognition were evaluated before and after education. Hand hygiene compliance, MDRO isolation rate and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate were used as outcome variables. Data from 45 nurses was used for analysis.
Results General knowledge about MDRO increased (p=.011). Responses to questions about image of MDRO and MDRO management tended to change in a positive direction (p = .046). Hand hygiene compliance was 100% at pre-test, 79.5% during education period and 98.4% at post-education period. MDRO isolation rate was 6.83 per 1,000 patient days at pre-test, 10.24 during education period and 6.68 at post-education period. CLABSI rate was 3.76 per 1,000 central line days at pre-test, 6.84 during education period and 4.71 at post-education period.
Conclusion Findings indicate that the education program is effective in improving knowledge about MDRO in NICU nurses. However, more reliable indicators should be used to determine long-term effects.
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Purpose This study was done to identify the level of knowledge and practice of self-management on asthma of school-aged children and to provide data for the development of an intervention program to improve self-management on asthma.
Methods The participants were 100 school-aged children who were treated currently for asthma in J city located in G province. Data were collected from 25th August to 30th October 2014.
Results The mean scores were 14.37 of 20 for self-management knowledge (percentage of correct answer 71.9%), 21.65 of 30 for self-management practice. There were significant differences in knowledge according to grade, diagnosed age, food allergy, education on asthma and hardship in school life, and in practice according to gender and economic status, hardship in school life and experience of first-aid on asthma. There were positive correlations between knowledge and practice.
Conclusion Results indicate that school-aged children’ knowledge and practice in self-management of asthma were not sufficient enough to perform accurate management of asthma. Therefore, to improve self-management ability of school-aged children to manage effectively asthma, educational strategies that focus on increasing knowledge need to be developed.
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PURPOSE Study purposes were to exam effects of self-care education for children with type 1 diabetes on their diabetes management behaviors and to explore the relationship among diabetes management behaviors, knowledge, self-efficacy and clinical variables. METHODS This study was a one group quasi-experimental study. Study participants were children with type 1 diabetes and attended a four hour self-care education of a diabetes camp. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including Diabetes Management Behavior Scale (DMBS), Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center's Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test and Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 12 (+/-2.3) years. After the education, their DMBS and knowledge improved, but the improvement was not statistically significant (t=1.758, p=.101; t=0.528, p=.606). Two areas of DMBS, daily prevention behaviors and modification of care plan, were associated with study variables. Daily prevention behaviors were associated with duration of diabetes (r=.653, p=.008), HbA1c (r=.563, p=.038) and having a complication (r=-2.788, p=.015). Modification of care plan was associated with age at diagnosis (r=-.552, p=.033). CONCLUSION Children with type 1 diabetes could improve some parts of their diabetes management behaviors even after a short diabetes camp.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate caregivers' knowledge, concerns, and management of children with febrile convulsions (FC). METHODS A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 133 caregivers whose children had been diagnosed with a FC.
A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean percent of correct answers related to knowledge was 48.5%. Many caregivers believed that FC causes brain damage and did not know that risk of subsequent epilepsy in FC is rare. Levels of concern about FC were high. Caregivers were highly concerned about further FC attacks in the night and tended to worry that Febrile children were apt to get a fever. Many caregivers used management practices which are not recommended for FC in children. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between caregivers' knowledge and concerns about FC. There was also a positive correlation between caregivers' knowledge and management of FC. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that improvements are needed in caregivers' knowledge and management of FC. Caregivers' concerns related to misconception need to be addressed.
Development and evaluation of educational interventions on changing caregivers' management of FC are recommended.
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PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify current health care management and barriers in health care management according to ecological systems, and to develop an ecological model for enhancing health care in child care centers. METHODS Focus group interviews were conducted with directors and teachers of child care centers, and with parents of children enrolled in child care. Data were analyzed by the latent content analysis method. RESULTS Twelve categories of health care management were identified. Barriers to child health care included knowledge deficit and lack of competence in health care by teachers, lack of useful health care manuals, non-existence of professional child health care personnel in child care centers, lack of mutual information sharing and disagreement on child health conditions between child care personnel and parents, lack of specific health related child care inspection criteria and time flexible child care centers with a lack of policy on collaboration with health care facilities. The ecological model developed included specific strategies to improve health care management in child care. CONCLUSION The proposed ecological model to improve child health care management should be useful to plan future health care program considering both the immediate and indirect social environment surrounding children in child care.
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, Mi-Young Choi
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