PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for nursing interventions to assist primary caregivers of young children by determining the degree stress and fatigue that caregivers were under due to parenting young children. METHODS Participants were primary caregivers (181 mothers and 160 grandmothers) of young children. RESULTS 1) Mean score for degree of parenting stress was 2.61 (+/-.69) and for fatigue, 1.97 (+/-.54). 2) There was a significant difference in degree of parenting stress according to primary caregivers' age, employment status, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. Likewise, there was a significant difference in degree of fatigue according to relationship of primary caregivers to the children, primary caregivers' age, religion, income, whether the children were wanted babies, health status of the children and caregivers, personality of the children, and benefits from, and satisfaction with costs of childcare. 3) Stress and fatigue perceived by the primary caregivers were significantly correlated (r=.554 p<.001). CONCLUSION To alleviate more effectively primary caregivers' parenting stress and fatigue, early nursing intervention and educational programs need to be developed.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the current status and needs in neonatal emergency training for nursing students in Korea and to obtain preliminary information to develop a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students. METHODS Structured questionnaires were distributed to five hospitals and ten nursing schools during April and May, 2012. Data were collected from 59 nurses who worked in the nursery or Neonatal Intensive Care Units and 13 nursing educators who had specialized in pediatric nursing. RESULTS Most nurses (86.4%) reported that they had experienced an emergency situation with newborns. Most nursing educators (84.6%) claimed that more intensive training with newborns is needed for nursing students. In particular, training in neonatal resuscitation (72.2%), respiratory distress (59.7%), and neonatal seizures (18.1%) were highly recommended as simulation based training for nursing students. CONCLUSION A significant need for neonatal emergency educational programs was found. More efforts should be made to provide nursing students with knowledge and skills for working with neonates. The findings of this survey will ultimately provide a basis for developing a simulation based educational program on neonatal emergency care for nursing students.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to measure (the degree of) injury risk perception in preschool children. METHODS The data were collected from child day care centers and kindergartens located in Seoul, and Gyeonggi and Kwangwon Province. A questionnaire consisted of 28 pictures was administered to 186 preschool children. RESULTS The mean score for the injury risk perception was 21.83 (+/-3.89), and 77.98 converted into a 100-point scale.
According to sub-categories, 'burn prevention' (.96+/-.13) was the highest, 'interpersonal safety' (.44+/-.31) was the lowest. There were significant differences in injury risk perception according to gender (t=-2.358, p=.019), age (t=-2.101, p=.037), experience of safety education (t=-3.719, p<.001), area of residence (t=-3.445, p=.001), injury experience (t=3.212, p=.002), and mother's occupation (t=-4.858, p<.001). The highest item in the percentage of correct answer item was 'making jump on the desk', the lowest item in the percentage of correct answer item was 'not wearing safety equipment when rollerblading'. CONCLUSION Based on this study, studies should be continued to standardize the instrument. In addition, it is recommended that an injury prevention education program should be developed based on the results of this study to stimulate demand and interest.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a child health care protocol for teachers in child day care centers. METHODS The ADDIE model with 10 Kid Keys was applied to develop this child health care protocol. All contents were developed through content validity test by 7 professionals and need assessment and evaluation by child day care center teachers. RESULTS This protocol consisted of 10 keys, as follows: Health Examination/Growth & Development, Practice of Health Life, Management of Communicable Disease, Negligent Accident, Coping with Emergency and Transference, Child Abuse, Nutrition/Obesity, Quality Assurance of Staff, Parent Education, Guidance & Supervision of Child Day Care Centers.
The contents contained goals, objectives, teaching content, suggested activities for children, writing forms related to each subject, and self-evaluation sheet. CONCLUSION This protocol can be practical and effective for child health care in child day care centers and it is hoped that it will be utilized in more child day care centers.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate issues and needs related to child health management as recognized by teachers in day care centers. METHODS Data were collected from 130 teachers from 20 day care centers. Each teacher was interviewed in depth and the data were examined through content analysis. RESULTS For issues on child health management, the analysis scheme consisted of 10 categories and 36 subcategories. For needs on child health management, the analysis scheme consisted of 10 categories and 37 subcategories. Teachers indicated that tools for physical examination and playgrounds were insufficient and they had difficulty in controlling attendance of infectious children. They also indicated the lack of a linkage between day care centers and hospitals, lack of knowledge of health management, high teacher versus child ratio, and lack of help and budget needed for health care. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest the need to develop a linkage between day care centers and medical institutions. Also there is a need to provide support from health care personnel, health education for teacher, health management manuals for teachers, and financial aid to satisfy the needs for health management in day care center for children.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to improve coping abilities of elementary school students in emergency situations. METHOD The data were collected from 1633 3-6th grade elementary school students using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS 1) The mean score for the coping ability of the students was low at .38 (+/-.36). 2) The mean scores for the 8 categories were, [Care for common symptoms], .54 (+/-.48), [Call for help & check], .47 (+/-.43), [Care for injury by heat.cold & foreign body], .39 (+/-.45), [Care for tissue damage], .36 (+/-.44), [Offering help], .36 (+/-.42), [Rescue & escape], .31 (+/-.51), [Evacuation], .28 (+/-.49), and [Appropriate response for the situation], .27 (+/-.43).
The mean scores for 2 areas were, 'Acting tips', .35 (+/-.36) and 'First aid', .42 (+/-.40). There were significant differences in coping ability according to students' gender (t=4.964, p<.001), and family type (t=-2.484, p=.013). 4) Among the categories, there were significant correlations between all 8 categories and significant correlation between 'Acting tips' and 'First aid' (r=.808, p<.001), 'Acting tips' and 'Coping ability' (r=.956, p<.001), and 'First aid' and 'Coping ability' (r=.946, p<.001). CONCLUSION The findings indicate a need for programs to improve the coping ability of elementary school students in emergency situations.
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The Effect of Smartphone-Delivered Emergency Preparedness Education on Coping Knowledge Among Fifth- and Sixth-Grade Elementary Schoolchildren in South Korea Shin-Jeong Kim, Haeryun Cho The Journal of School Nursing.2017; 33(6): 434. CrossRef
The Effect of Coping Knowledge on Emergency Preparedness in Elementary School Students Shin-Jeong Kim, So-Ra Kang, Seung-Hee Lee, Kyung-Ah Kang The Journal of School Nursing.2014; 30(5): 349. CrossRef
Development of Guidebook for Teachers about Coping Behavior Education to Emergency Situations for Elementary School Students Kyung-Ah Kang, Shin-Jeong Kim The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2011; 17(3): 478. CrossRef
PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop an instrument to measure coping in emergency situations. METHODS: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation 60 primary items, verification of construct validity and extraction of final items. The 60 preliminary items were reviewed for content validity by seven experts and were tested to evaluate inter-item correlation coefficient by three groups of elementary school students.
From November 1 to December 10, 2008, data were collected from 920 elementary school students according to residential characters (major city, small town, rural area). Item analysis, factor analysis with rotation Varimax and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: 1) There were 45 items in the final instrument categorized into 8 factors. 2) The factors were labeled as "Call for help and check" (8 items), "Care for common symptoms" (6 items), "Appropriate response for the situation" (5 items), "Evacuation" (6 items), "Care for tissue damage" (8 items), "Care for injury by heat, cold or foreign body" (6 items), "Offer help" (4 items) and "Rescue & escape" (2 items). 3) Cumulative percent of variance was 53.10% and eigen values ranged from 1.04 to 13.38. 4) Cronbach's alpha for the total was .943 and ranged from .527 to .869. CONCLUSION: Validity and reliability of the scale are confirmed in this study showing its utility for measuring coping in emergency situations with elementary school students. Utilization of the scale will also contribute to designing appropriate coping education programs for elementary school students.
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Elementary School Students' Coping Ability in Emergency Situations Shin Jeong Kim, Jung-Eun Lee, Kyung-Ah Kang, Sung-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 268. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a guide book on safety education for teachers to use in education classes for elementary school students. METHODS Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were used in the development of this guide book. RESULTS This guide book was developed for lower grade (1st~3rd) and higher grade (4th~6th) elementary school students. The content consisted of subjects, worksheets, content for teachers, statistical data, case studies, and a safety letter to the parents. The 10 subjects were as follows: Importance of injury prevention, Safety at home, Accident prevention at school, Violence prevention, Vehicles safety, Water safety, Prevention of Fires & Burns, Safety of Toys & home supplies, Safety in Sports & Recreation activity,Prevention of injury caused by animals. Statistical data was presented by graphs and case studies were presented of cases of real occurrences of accidents. Worksheets contain various activities for students. Safety letters were composed for each student's parents. CONCLUSION This guide book presents effective material for safety education classes in elementary school and the authors hope it will be widely used in elementary schools.
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Development and Evaluation of a Safety Education Program for Injury Prevention in Elementary School Students Shin-Jeong Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 20. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop first aid education programs for elementary school students. METHOD A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data from 720 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. RESULTS 1) The mean score for cognition of first aid education of the students was high with a score of 2.64 (+/-.30). 2) The mean scores for the 11 categories were, 'Fire & Burns', 2.78 (+/-.40), 'Poisoning', 2.77 (+/-.47), 'Thermal injuries', 2.75 (+/-.51), 'Rescue & moving', 2.73 (+/-.37), 'Bites', 2.72 (+/-.44), 'General first aid', 2.64 (+/-.37), 'Wounds', 2.59 (+/-.39), 'Removing foreign bodies', 2.58 (+/-.46), 'Cardiopulmonary resuscitation', 2.57 (+/-.59), and 'Musculoskeletal injuries' and 'Others', 2.54 (+/'-.51, +/-.53). 3) There was a significant difference in the cognition of first aid education according to student's gender (t=-3.012, p=.003), and judgement about the emergency situation (F=3.411, p=.034). CONCLUSION The results indicate the necessity of developing effective first aid education programs for elementary school students.
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PURPOSE This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. METHODS Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. RESULTS 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (+/-0.38). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' (3.19+/-0.93), 'bullies' (2.04+/-0.72), 'victims' (1.91+/-0.84), 'bystanders' (1.79+/-0.80), and 'bully-followers' (1.66+/-0.60). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to describe the attributes of nursing with humor based on an integrative review and to present basic information for developing humor intervention programs for children. METHODS Using combinations of the terms 'nursing' and 'humor' as key words, the researchers searched four electronic databases to relevant identify studies. Thirteen studies were selected through full text screening of related research published in academic journals from January 1993 to April 2013. RESULTS Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, three components emerged; 1) using instruments of coping for stress relief, 2) symptoms relief through pleasant feeling, and 3) job satisfaction and work improvement of nurse using humor. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that humor is valuable as a nursing intervention for children and the possibility of bringing about positive results in nursing care if nurses utilize the sense of humor as fully as they can. Therefore, it is critical for nurses to develop a diversity of humor interventions for children as well as measurements to test quality and quantity of humor used in clinical pediatric settings.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop first aid education programs for elementary, middle and high school students. METHOD Forty nine textbooks adopted by first to six grade elementary schools and first to third grade of both middle and high schools were analyzed for content on first aid. RESULTS 1) First aid content was covered only in courses onand 2) Content on first aid was included in the categories, 'General of first aid', 'Rescue & moving', 'Fire & Burns', 'Cardiopulmonary resuscitation', 'Musculoskeletal injuries', 'Thermal injuries', 'Wounds', 'Removing foreign bodies', 'Disaster & Accidents' and 'Others'. Categories that were not included were 'Poisoning' and 'Bites'. The content did not follow a progression related to the level of intellectual and physical development of the students. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the content on first aid should be revised to be practical and rational for the benefits of student safety.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to build and test a theoretical model that could be used to explain and predict health promoting behavior in school children in Korea. METHOD Participants for this study included a total of 423 students, all of whom were enrolled in either the 5th or 6th grade of one of 3 elementary schools in Seoul and Gyunggi Province, Korea. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and the collection period was from September 22 to 30, 2006. The data were analyzed using the SAS Program and Lisrel Windows Program. The instruments for this study were developed to include a health promotion behavior scale, self-esteem scale, self-efficacy scale, perceived benefit and barriers scale, social support scale, health status scale, academic stress scale, and previous health-related behavior scale. RESULTS The hypothetical model for this study consisted of 3 intrinsic and 6 extrinsic variables, and 27 pathways. As a result of hypotheses testing, as many as 11 pathways were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The development of health promotion programs based on the factors found in this study will be very effective in promoting the health of Korea's school children.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a MOL instrument for school-age children in grades 4 through 6. METHOD The research design was a methodological study. A four-phase design involved. 1) Interview data generated from professors, nurses, and elementary school students (n=8). 2) Content validation by expert panel (n=14) 3) Initial items corrected by elementary school students (n=20) 4) Instrument validation by survey (n=574). Finally, 24 items were chosen as a meaning of life scale for late school-age children. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 24 items was .893 indicated a high internal consistency of the instrument, 2) Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as 'relational experience', 'positive attitude', 'satisfaction/ hope', 'pursuit of goal', and experience of family love. These factors explained 52.311% of the total variance. CONCLUSION The MOL scale for late school-age children can be used in nursing programs to improve the meaning of life.
Studies on difference in meaning of life for late school-age children are needed for reverification.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the severity of illness in high risk newborns. METHOD The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire about the severity of illness index that was given to 8 health professionals in Neonatal Intensity Care Units (NICU) second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a pre-test. Finally, from July 2005 to May 2006, reliability and validity were tested with a sample of 160 high risk newborns admitted to the NICU. RESULTS The final tool to identify the severity of illness index in high risk newborns consisted 39 items and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .922. Using factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted and these factors explained 54.451% of the total variance. CONCLUSION The instrument for assessing the severity of illness in high risk newborns developed in this study was identified as a tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this tool can be effectively utilized for assessing and implementing care for high risk newborns.
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