Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD), knowledge of DD prevention and treatment, and diaper hygiene practices among mothers with diaper-wearing children.
Methods The participants were 176 mothers who presented to an outpatient clinic at a children’s hospital with diaper-wearing children. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire.
Results The percent of correct answer for knowledge about DD was 59.7%. Almost half of the participants’ children had experienced at least 1 episode of DD during the last 6 months. Inappropriate diaper hygiene practices, such as using talcum powder on DD and rubbing with a dry towel after cleansing, were reported. Moreover, only 37% of mothers used the recommended skin barrier to prevent DD. Although many children suffer from DD, levels of educational experience and perceived need for education on this topic were low. Almost 70% of mothers obtained DD-related information through internet sites.
Conclusion Educating parents about the etiology of DD and evidence-based diaper hygiene practices is an important aspect of effective DD prevention and treatment. Internet sites or smartphone apps may be effective methods for education on DD prevention and treatment considering parents’ preferences for ways to obtain health information.
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Purpose Tonsillectomy is a very common surgical procedure, particularly in children. The purpose of this study was to identify current evidence in nursing research on pediatric tonsillectomy by analyzing and evaluating Korean nursing studies related to pediatric tonsillectomy.
Methods An integrative literature review of Korean pediatric tonsillectomy research was conducted. Databases were searched to identify research that related to nursing care for pediatric tonsillectomy children.
Results Of the 115 studies identified, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies were experimental studies and most of those studies had a quasi experimental design. No correlational studies or qualitative studies were found. Providing nursing information and education for children and their mothers at pre, during, and post tonsillectomy by pediatric nurses were found to be effective in reducing children’s pain and anxiety and their mother’s anxiety and uncertainty, and increasing children’s appropriate sick role behaviors and their mother’s satisfaction with nursing services provided and knowledge related to tonsillectomy.
Conclusion Although most studies reported positive effects in terms of post tonsillectomy outcomes, lack of methodological rigor limits the current evidences for pediatric tonsillectomy nursing interventions. Greater attention to improve methodological rigor for Korean research on pediatric tonsillectomy is needed.
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Effects of a posttonsillectomy management program using a mobile instant messenger on parents’ knowledge and anxiety, and their children's compliance, bleeding, and pain Kyoung Eun Yu, Jin Sun Kim Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Purpose The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers’ knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever.
Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children’s fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants’ knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers’ knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers’ anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management.
Conclusion Results show that day care teachers’ knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers’ childhood fever management are recommended.
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Purpose The purposes of this study were to explore knowledge, barriers, and self-efficacy in relation to pain management practice, and to identify factors influencing pain management practice in pediatric nurses.
Methods A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 237 pediatric nurses from a metropolitan city. Data were analyzed using t-test or analysis of variance and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses.
Results The mean percentage of correct answers on the children’s pain management knowledge scale was 58.8%. Child and parent related factors were the main barriers for pain management. Self-efficacy to assess children’s pain across developmental stages was particularly low. Pain management practices for assessing pain and non-pharmacological interventions were relatively low. Factors significantly affecting children’s pain management practice were current conditions of work department and self-efficacy in pain management, and these factors accounted for 37.5% of the variance in pain management practice.
Conclusion The results suggest that an integrative education program needs to be developed to improve self-efficacy in children’s pain management practice. Moreover, good communication, building cooperative relationships with children and parents, and a more active role by pediatric nurses are required to carry out more effective pain management.
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Purpose The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices.
Methods Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method.
Results There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage.
Conclusion Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of schoolbags and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among elementary school children and to identify factors associated with relative schoolbag weight and musculoskeletal symptoms.
Methods A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 228 elementary school children in grades 4-6. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, χ2-test or Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.
Results Mean relative schoolbag weight (RSW) was 6.40%. Among participants, 13.2% carried more than 10% of their RSW. Only 49.6% of participants organized the contents in their school backpack correctly. Musculoskeletal symptoms were reported by 42.5% of participants. Results from logistic regression analysis identified grade was a significant factor predicting RSW, and gender, RSW, and using a locker were significant factors predicting musculoskeletal symptoms among schoolchildren.
Conclusion Although RSW of school children in this study was within the currently recommended load limit, a considerable proportion of school children were not following guidelines for safe schoolbag use. An effective schoolbag safety campaign for parents, students, and teachers needs to be developed and evaluated to prevent possible musculoskeletal symptoms related to schoolbag use.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to analyze papers published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing (JKACHN) to identify the current state of child health nursing research and recommend directions for future research. METHODS Using analysis criteria developed by the researchers, 233 papers published in JKACHN between 2005 and 2009 were reviewed. RESULTS Both quantity and quality of these papers showed significant improvement compared to before 2005. The number of published papers, the proportion of intervention studies, and studies that involved children directly as participants had increased. However, published papers still leave much to be desired. Quantitative studies were dominant (91.4%) and many of these studies were survey designs (65.7%). Children, especially young children were still less likely to be direct participants. All experimental studies were quasi or pre-experimental studies. There were few qualitative research studies. CONCLUSION Findings of this study indicate that strengthening peer review according to review guidelines will improve the quality of published papers and promote JKACHN as an international journal. Instead of proxy accounts from parents or nurses, research involving direct accounts by children is needed. Child-friendly data collection methods need to be developed and used by child health nurse researchers.
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PURPOSE Fever is a common symptom of illness in children that is often misunderstood and inappropriately managed by parents. The purposes of this study were to investigate perception, knowledge of childhood fever and fever management and self-efficacy in fever management by parents and to identify the relationship between knowledge of childhood fever and fever management, and self-efficacy in management of fever. METHODS A descriptive correlation study was used with 101 parents of children ages 3 months to 5 yr who were seen in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. RESULTS Many parents reported a high level of fear about fever and its possible complications. Most parents used over-the-counter medications to reduce fever even when their children had mild to moderate fever. The mean correct percent on the knowledge scale was 51.0%. Most parents did not recognize the benefits of fever. There were statistically significant positive correlations between knowledge of fever and fever management and self-efficacy in management of fever. CONCLUSION The results indicate a need to develop and evaluate educational programs that will provide parent education on fever and fever management.
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An analysis of caregivers’ preference regarding fever management in the emergency department Hae Jung Kim, Ho Jung Kim Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal.2018; 5(1): 13. CrossRef
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Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Ae Ran Choi, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 113. CrossRef
Childhood fever management program for Korean pediatric nurses: A comparison between blended and face-to-face learning method Yong Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim Contemporary Nurse.2014; 49(1): 35. CrossRef
Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214. CrossRef
Evaluation of Internet Information on Childhood Fever Management Yong-Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2012; 12(12): 702. CrossRef
Development of a Scenario and Evaluation for SimBaby Simulation Learning of Care for Children with Fever in Emergency Units Hae-Ran Kim, Eun-Ju Choi The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2011; 11(6): 279. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purposes of this review were to identify whether available evidence supports the nursing interventions that are commonly used to reduce fever in children and to introduce research findings into practice. METHODS Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 1990 to 2009 were searched. The search terms were fever, febrile convulsion, fever management, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, temperature, external cooling, tepid sponge bath, and physical treatment. RESULTS Evidence suggests that uncomplicated fever is relatively harmless, but it is an important immunological defense. Antipyretics should not routinely be used with the sole aim of reducing body temperature in children with fever who are otherwise well. Currently a lack of evidence supports the practice of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and the routine use of tepid sponge bath. CONCLUSION Currently, fever management in children does not reflect research evidence. Pediatric nurses can play an important role by encouraging clinical research in this area and also by enhancing research utilization in their practice. Moreover, pediatric nurses can educate parents about evidence-based fever management. Evidence-based educational interventions for pediatric nurses need to be developed and evaluated to improve the quality of nursing care in the management of childhood fever.
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Axillary temperature measurements based on smart wearable thermometers in South Korean children: comparison with tympanic temperature measurements Younglee Choi, Hye Young Ahn Child Health Nursing Research.2022; 28(1): 62. CrossRef
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Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Accuracy of Infrared Thermometer when Identifying Fever in Children Young Joo Park, Seong-Hi Park, Chang-Bum Kang Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(6): 746. CrossRef
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Comparison of Antifebrile Effects of Hypothermia Blanket and Rectal Antipyretics for Infants after Open Heart Surgery Eun-Jung Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 164. CrossRef
Parents' Perception, Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Management of Childhood Fever Yong-Sun Jeong, Hyun-Ei Oh, Jin-Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 324. CrossRef
PURPOSE Fever is a common problem in children.
Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude. METHODS A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as 38.3degrees C. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses.
Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.
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Knowledge and Practice of Fever Management by Mothers of Preschool Children at Home Hye Rim Park, In Soo Kwon Child Health Nursing Research.2017; 23(2): 127. CrossRef
Fever Phobia: A Survey of Children's Parents in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic. Ae Ran Choi, Jin Sun Kim Child Health Nursing Research.2014; 20(2): 113. CrossRef
Development of Evidence-based Nursing Practice Guidelines for Febrile Children in Emergency Room Min-Jin Jeong, Hyun-A Shin, Yun-Hee Kim, Jee-Hyang Lee, Seung-Ja Lee, Mi-Ra Song Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 214. CrossRef
Comparison of Antifebrile Effects of Hypothermia Blanket and Rectal Antipyretics for Infants after Open Heart Surgery Eun-Jung Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2012; 18(4): 164. CrossRef
Parents' Perception, Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in Management of Childhood Fever Yong-Sun Jeong, Hyun-Ei Oh, Jin-Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 324. CrossRef
Fever and Fever Management in Children: A Literature Review Yong Sun Jeong, Jin Sun Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2010; 16(1): 30. CrossRef
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide a critical assessment of evidence-based Korean pediatric research that can inform clinical practicability of, and future research on distraction interventions for pediatric procedural pain management. METHODS A critical review of evidence-based Korean pediatric research was conducted. Databases were searched to identify research that included an evaluation of a distraction intervention as an intervention for pediatric procedural pain management. The search yielded 68 studies. RESULTS From these studies, 14 were included for this review and all were recently published (2003-2014). Quasi experimental designs were most frequently used (n=12) and for 71.4% the focus was preschoolers. Audiovisual techniques were the most common form of distraction. In most studies clinical utility of the distraction intervention was not examined. Fairly consistent reductions in behavioral measures of pain in association with the distraction intervention were found but less consistent results were found for physiological measures. CONCLUSION Lack of methodological rigor limits the evidence for distraction interventions to reduce pain and fear experienced by children during painful procedures. Further research to analyze the cost and time-effectiveness and to identify consumer and provider satisfaction with distraction interventions is needed to determine whether distraction interventions are clinically relevant.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate caregivers' knowledge, concerns, and management of children with febrile convulsions (FC). METHODS A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 133 caregivers whose children had been diagnosed with a FC.
A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS The mean percent of correct answers related to knowledge was 48.5%. Many caregivers believed that FC causes brain damage and did not know that risk of subsequent epilepsy in FC is rare. Levels of concern about FC were high. Caregivers were highly concerned about further FC attacks in the night and tended to worry that Febrile children were apt to get a fever. Many caregivers used management practices which are not recommended for FC in children. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between caregivers' knowledge and concerns about FC. There was also a positive correlation between caregivers' knowledge and management of FC. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that improvements are needed in caregivers' knowledge and management of FC. Caregivers' concerns related to misconception need to be addressed.
Development and evaluation of educational interventions on changing caregivers' management of FC are recommended.
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PURPOSE Purposes of this study were to identify the level of parental fever phobia and to investigate the relationship between level of parental concern about fever and related variables. METHODS Participants were 151 parents of children who visited a pediatric outpatient clinic. A self-reported structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi2-test. RESULTS Almost half of participants defined a minimum temperature for fever as 37.8degrees C and a minimum temperature for high fever as 38.9degrees C. About 75% of participants identified harmful effects of fever as seizure and brain damage, were 'very worried' about fever, measured their child's temperature every hour or less, provided tepid massage and woke children to give antipyretics during febrile illness. There were significant relationships between level of parental concerns about fever and prior experience of febrile seizures, and/or being parents of a single child. CONCLUSION Results indicate that fever phobia is prevalent among parents. Further studies are needed to develop and evaluate childhood fever management educational programs for parents. Considering health care providers as a primary information resource about fever management, health care providers should play a vital role to reduce parental unrealistic concerns about fever.
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Understanding Discomfort in Order to Appropriately Treat Fever Mattia Doria, Domenico Careddu, Flavia Ceschin, Maria Libranti, Monica Pierattelli, Valentina Perelli, Claudia Laterza, Annarita Chieti, Elena Chiappini International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(22): 4487. CrossRef
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PURPOSE S: The purposes of this study were to evaluate parent satisfaction with inpatient hospital services in children's hospitals and to identify variables related to parent satisfaction. METHOD: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Parents of 165 children who were inpatients in two children's hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire at the time of discharge. For statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: The highest parent satisfaction domain was nursing service, and the lowest parent satisfaction domain was hospital service and accommodations. Parents were less likely to be satisfied with hospital facilities, equipment, noise and cleaning and less likely to be satisfied with the lack of information they received and with the lack of communication with health care professionals. Parents with longer length of stay and with older children reported higher satisfaction than their counterparts. Moreover, parent satisfaction was related to their intention to revisit and related to intention to recommend this surveyed hospital over others. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve parent satisfaction in children's hospital service and accommodation are needed to improve the quality of health care. Communication by health care professionals with parents and a partnership between parents and health care professionals are necessary to improve quality of care.
PURPOSE S: The purposes of this study were to examine knowledge related to child abuse, attitudes toward child abuse, and intention to report child abuse and to identify the predictors of nurses' intention to report child abuse. METHOD A descriptive-correlational study was conducted.
Participants were 171 nurses who worked in the pediatric or emergency rooms in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS Nurses had a limited knowledge related to child abuse. Nurses had negative attitudes toward child discipline, were inclined to punish the abuser, and had positive attitudes about professional responsibility for reporting child abuse. Nurses perceived difficulty in the actual behavior of reporting child abuse. Nurses' intention to report child abuse was predicted by nurses' attitudes to professional responsibility for reporting child abuse. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, educational programs need to be developed, implemented, and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that supplementary education is needed for multidisciplinary decision making concerning the role of the nurses within the context of child abuse.Implications for nursing practice, education and research are discussed.
OBJECTIVE School nurses should be knowledgeable about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and have tolerant attitudes to children with ADHD. This study was done to identify school nurses' knowledge about, and attitudes to, ADHD. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were the 245 members of a school nurse association in C province in southern part of Korea. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Of the 245 packets mailed to members, 126 (51.4%) were returned, and of these, 122 packets (49.8%) were suitable for data analysis. School nurses in this study lack knowledge about ADHD. Moreover, school nurses reported low tolerance in their attitudes toward children with ADHD.
There was no significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes in the management of ADHD among school nurses. CONCLUSION Findings from this study show that school nurses have limited knowledge about ADHD and its treatment with stimulation medication. Moreover, their attitudes toward children with ADHD were in the low tolerant range. An educational program on ADHD for school nurses need to be developed and provided to facilitate the school nurses' role in assessing and caring for children with ADHD.
PURPOSE S: The purposes of this study were to identify the level of knowledge of good posture and postural habits among elementary school children and to identify the relationship between knowledge of good posture and postural habits. METHOD A descriptive correlational study was conducted. The participants were 507 elementary school children in Jangheung County. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS The percentage of correct answer for the knowledge test was 65.83%. Postural habits were not good. Although the strength of correlation was low, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and postural habits. Not only school health nurses but also class teachers and parents played important roles in spinal health education. Educational needs for spinal health are high. CONCLUSION Although more research in this area is warranted, there is a pressing need for interventions aimed at developing healthy habits that promote postural hygiene among elementary school children. Development and evaluation of back education programs in elementary school is necessary.
PURPOSE S: Venipuncture is one of the most painful and frequently performed invasive procedures for children done by nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EMLA cream (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics: 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) to decrease venipuncture related pain and anxiety in children. METHODS A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Sixty children scheduled for venipuncture were recruited, and randomly assigned to receive either EMLA or a placebo cream 1 hour before the venipuncture. Venipuncture was carried out by one of the nurse investigators. Pain and anxiety were measured by the parent, nurse investigator, and nurse observer. RESULTS Pain in the EMLA group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group. However, there was no significant difference in anxiety score between the EMLA and placebo groups. Local side effects of EMLA cream were negligible. CONCLUSIONS EMLA cream was found to be an effective local anesthetic for pediatric venipuncture pain. Further studies should continue to evaluate the facilitators and barriers of EMLA cream application in pediatric nursing practice.
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