Purpose
To describe the process of systematically developing an integrated health promotion program for school-age children from vulnerable families.
Methods
In this study, we applied the first three steps—analysis, design, and development (ADD)—of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The analysis step involved a literature review and needs assessment. In the design step, program components were considered and a program draft was developed. The program content was modified based on expert validation in the development step. The preliminary program was administered in the implementation step, and the final program was confirmed in the evaluation step.
Results
The program contents were based on the literature review, needs assessment, and Ryan’s integrated theory of health behavior change. The content was valid, and the educational material was appropriate for school-age children from vulnerable families. The finalized program consists of six sessions to promote physical, psychological, and social health using individual/group and face-to-face/online methods, including two that involve both parents and children.
Conclusion
This study presents a detailed description of how the program was developed and illustrates the critical elements that should be considered during similar program development. The effect of this program on health promotion behavior should be examined in future research.

Purpose
The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents.
Methods
Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflict with peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46).
Conclusion
The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
  Hyeongyeong Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225.     CrossRef
• Excessive smartphone use, smartphone dependency and body image distortion in Korean adolescents
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 58.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the concept of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards.
Methods
The hybrid model by Schwarz-Barcott and Kim was used to analyze the characteristics of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards.
Results
Transfer anxiety was defined by the following attributes: 1) stress concerning the adaptation process, 2) concern about the child’s condition worsening due to the parent’s caregiving, and 3) involuntary changes in daily life due to the treatment. Transfer anxiety has the following antecedents: 1) uncertainty; 2) a lack of knowledge about the illness, medical devices, and caregiving; and 3) a lack of social support. It resulted in 1) caregiver burden, 2) a decrease in the capacity for coping with caregiving, 3) delays in the child’s physical and psychological recovery, and 4) decreased quality of life.
Conclusion
It is necessary to develop an assessment scale that considers the attributes of transfer anxiety in parents of children transferred from pediatric intensive care units to general wards. Furthermore, an effective nursing intervention should be developed to reduce transfer anxiety.

Citations

• Effect of sterile ice water versus menthol spray on thirst symptoms of fasted children in the intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study
  Fangyan Ma, Haiting He, Banghong Xu, Jing Zhou, Kai Pu
  Medicine.2023; 102(12): e33315.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between a flexible parental visiting environment and parental stress in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Methods
The study participants included 60 parents of premature infants in NICUs. Structured questionnaires and interviews, as well as observations by researchers using a caregiving behavior checklist, were used to measure the flexibility of the parental visiting environment and parents' stress levels. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently and were initially analyzed as separate data sets. Data collection extended from March 11, 2018 to June 30. 2018 and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients.
Results
There was a negative correlation (r=-.30, p=.021) between parental stress and the total number of visits in 7 days. We also found that the average duration of each visit and the number of caregiving behaviors performed by parents were positively correlated (r=.73, p<.001).
Conclusion
When designing a flexible visiting environment for parents, parents should be encouraged to visit their babies. By doing so, stress can be reduced both for babies and for parents. Therefore, it is suggested that the related polices and regulations in South Korea should be changed to provide more a flexible visiting environment to promote better parent-child attachment and family adjustment.

Citations

• Effects of an App-Based Visitation Program for Mothers of High-Risk Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
  Nameun Yu, Mi Yu
  Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing.2025; 39(2): 174.     CrossRef
• Parents' experiences of family-centred care in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative thematic synthesis
  Mawahib Almalki, Aideen Gildea, Breidge Boyle
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2025; 31(3): 101655.     CrossRef
• Exploration of Family-Centered Care in NICUs: A Grounded Theory Methodology
  Young Ah Park, YeoJin Im
  Qualitative Health Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fostering Partnership Between Pediatric Nurses and Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Mixed Method Approach
  In Young Cho, Won-Oak Oh
  Journal of Child and Family Studies.2023; 32(9): 2681.     CrossRef
• Effects of Systematic Discharge Education Program on Anxiety and Parenting Confidence in Mothers of Premature Infants
  Eunyoung Kim, Aeran Jo, Meenam Hwang, Hyunjin Moon, Daeun Jeong, Myungjin Jang, Choyeon Lim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Chil.2023; 27(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Beliefs and attitudes of nurses towards open visiting policy in neonatal intensive care units: A descriptive cross-sectional study in northwest of Iran
  Fatemeh Ghorbani, Mahnaz Jabraeili
  Journal of Neonatal Nursing.2022; 28(2): 123.     CrossRef
• Differences in perceived parental stress between parents with very low birth weight infants and nurses in neonatal intensive care units, South Korea
  Seol-Hee Moon, Ho-Ran Park, Dong Yeon Kim
  Child Health Nursing Research.2021; 27(3): 297.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the educational needs of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit for developmental supportive care
  Da-Ae Shin, Kyung-Sook Bang
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2021; 27(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Addressing the Needs of Mothers with Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Qualitative Secondary Analysis
  Ah Rim Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(5): 327.     CrossRef

Purpose
We aimed to identify factors influencing physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease.
Methods
We recruited 92 adolescents with complex congenital heart disease from a tertiary medical center in Seoul, measured their levels of physical activity, and identified factors that influenced their physical activity levels using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the New York Heart Association classification, congenital heart disease complexity, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to determine factors influencing physical activity.
Results
Total physical activity was higher in males than in females (t=4.46, p<.001). Adolescents who participated in school physical education classes engaged in more physical activity than those who did not (t=6.77, p<.001). Higher self-efficacy (β=.41, p<.001), male gender (β=.37, p<.001) and participation in school physical education classes (β=.19, p=.042) were associated with a higher likelihood of engagement in physical activity.
Conclusion
It is necessary to develop nursing interventions that enhance self-efficacy in order to promote physical activity in adolescents with complex congenital heart disease. Physical activity should also be promoted in an individualized manner, taking into account gender, disease severity, and parental attitude.

Citations

• Children With Congenital Heart Disease and the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines: A Scoping Review
  Matthew S. Chapelski, Megan Tomyn, Kristina Sobolewski, Amanda Froehlich Chow, Leah J. Ferguson, Charissa Pockett, Corey R. Tomczak, Marta C. Erlandson
  CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease.2025; 4(1): 34.     CrossRef
• Understanding the barriers and facilitators that impact physical activity levels in children and adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD): a rapid review
  Alyssia Venna, Yves d’Udekem, Sabrina Figueiredo
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Early hybrid cardiac rehabilitation in congenital heart disease: the QUALIREHAB trial
  Pascal Amedro, Arthur Gavotto, Helena Huguet, Luc Souilla, Anne-Cecile Huby, Stefan Matecki, Anne Cadene, Gregoire De La Villeon, Marie Vincenti, Oscar Werner, Charlene Bredy, Kathleen Lavastre, Hamouda Abassi, Sarah Cohen, Sebastien Hascoet, Claire Dauph
  European Heart Journal.2024; 45(16): 1458.     CrossRef
• Physical Activity and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Defects: A Scoping Review
  Amanda Clifton, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Gerson Cipriano, James G. Moore, Lawrence P. Cahalin
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(10): 309.     CrossRef
• Physical Activity Promotion Among Individuals With Tetralogy of Fallot
  Mackenzie Buchanan, Christopher Spence, Michelle Keir, Michael Khoury
  CJC Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease.2023; 2(6): 322.     CrossRef
• The discovery of a data-driven causal diagram of sport participation in children and adolescents with heart disease: a pilot study
  Jakub S. Gąsior, Marcel Młyńczak, Craig A. Williams, Aleksandra Popłonyk, Daria Kowalska, Paulina Giezek, Bożena Werner
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Physical activity modification in youth with congenital heart disease: a comprehensive narrative review
  Arend W. van Deutekom, Adam J. Lewandowski
  Pediatric Research.2021; 89(7): 1650.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between self-management and diabetes knowledge, diabetesrelated attitudes, family support, and self-efficacy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the information-motivation- behavior skills model.
Methods
Data collection was conducted between March 18 and September 30, 2018. Patients (N=87) aged 12 to 19 years were recruited from the outpatient clinic of S children’s hospital and an online community for patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearsons correlation, and hierarchical multiple linear regression with SPSS IBM 23.0, with the two-tailed level of significance set at 0.05.
Results
The mean score of self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus was 61.23±10.00 out of 80. The regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and family support significantly explained 56.9% of the variance in self-management (F=21.38, p<.001). Self-efficacy (β=.504, p<.001) and family support (β=.188, p<.001) were significant predictors of self-management.
Conclusion
It is necessary to develop individual interventions to improve self-efficacy and family support for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus to help them enhance their self-management.

Citations

• Preferences for Text Messaging Supports During Youth Transition to Adult Mental Health Services: Theory-Informed Modified e-Delphi Study
  Negar Vakili, Janet A Curran, Roisin Walls, Debbie Phillips, Alanna Miller, Christine Cassidy, Lori Wozney
  JMIR Formative Research.2024; 8: e51690.     CrossRef
• User evaluation of a mobile education application for the management of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors
  Ji-Su Kim, Minhae Kim, Yeji Seo
  European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 63: 102276.     CrossRef
• Managing the unmanageable through interdependence in adolescents living with type 1 diabetes and their parents: A constructivist grounded theory
  Pamela Farthing, Jill M.G. Bally, Marie Dietrich Leurer, Lorraine Holtslander, Munier A. Nour, Donna Rennie
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2022; 67: e191.     CrossRef
• Psychometric Evaluation of the Korean Version of PROMIS Self-Efficacy for Managing Symptoms Item Bank: Item Response Theory
  Mona Choi, Chang Gi Park, Soomin Hong
  Asian Nursing Research.2022; 16(4): 187.     CrossRef
• The effects of diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and depression on self-management in older patients with diabetes in the community: A cross-sectional study
  Hyeok Gyu Park, Myoung Jin Kwon
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2022; 24(4): 389.     CrossRef
• Effect of Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model Based on Protection Motivation Theory on the Psychological Resilience and Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 DM
  Xiaoli Yao, Linlin Zhang, Jiwei Du, Lei Gao
  Psychiatric Quarterly.2021; 92(1): 49.     CrossRef
• What Affects Quality of Life for People with Type 1 Diabetes?: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
  Mi-Kyoung Cho, Mi-Young Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(14): 7623.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for pediatric palliative care (PPC) among parents of children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and to investigate differences in the needs for PPC according to their general characteristics.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 28 and May 18, 2018. Parents (N=96) who had a child under 18 years with a CCC were recruited. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA.
Results
The overall average need for PPC was 3.58±0.33 out of 4.00. In terms of care for the subjects' children, the highest need was physical care, followed by psychosocial and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, preservation of physical function received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for seizure control. In terms of care for the subjects themselves, the highest need was for psychosocial care, followed by bereavement and spiritual care. In the sub-dimensions, communication received the highest score. Of the items, the highest need was for smooth communication with medical staff. Differences in needs for PPC according to participants’ general characteristics were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Medical staff should provide PPC according to the priorities of parents’ perceived needs.

Citations

• Experiences of Pediatric Palliative Care Among Bereaved Parents Who Lost a Child With Leukemia in South Korea
  Seung Jin Oh, Haeyoung Min, Sunhee Choi, Hye-lyung Hwang, Sujeong Kim
  Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing.2024; 26(2): E74.     CrossRef
• The First Step to Initiate Pediatric Palliative Care: Identify Patient Needs and Cooperation of Medical Staff
  Su Hyun Bae, Yeo Hyang Kim
  Healthcare.2022; 10(1): 127.     CrossRef
• Nurses’ Perceived Needs and Barriers Regarding Pediatric Palliative Care: A Mixed-Methods Study
  Kyung-Ah Kang, SuJeong Yu, Cho Hee Kim, Myung-Nam Lee, Sujeong Kim, So-Hi Kwon, Sanghee Kim, Hyun Sook Kim, Myung-Hee Park, Sung Eun Choi
  The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2022; 25(2): 85.     CrossRef