Purpose
Nurses play a crucial role in cases of victims of child abuse; however, but there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of their specific roles, responsibilities, and best practices is needed.
Methods
This integrative review aims to synthesize existing evidence on the role of nurses in cases of victims of child abuse. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. This review included 12 qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: This review identified the following four themes: nurses’ responsibility, intention to report child abuse, perceptions of child abuse, and risk assessment of child abuse. The findings revealed that nurses play a multifaceted role in child abuse situations. Evidence-based practices and guidelines were identified to optimize recovery outcomes among children who have experienced abuse.
Conclusion
This integrative review contributes to the body of knowledge on nurses’ role in cases of victims of child abuse by providing valuable insights for nursing practice, education, and policy. These findings can help guide nurses in developing evidence-based interventions and collaborative approaches to support the recovery of victims of child abuse.

Citations

• Exploring nursing students' awareness about child abuse and neglect
  Mohammad M. Alnaeem, Mohammad A. Abu Sabra, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 163: 107430.     CrossRef

Purpose
To identify the childbearing intentions of young adults in South Korea and examine the factors influencing them using a social-ecological model (SEM).
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Unmarried employed men and women (n=181) aged 25–40 years completed an online survey. The data included socio-demographic characteristics and responses at four levels: (1) intrapersonal (perception of parenthood and fertility knowledge), (2) interpersonal (quality of family relationships), (3) institutional (work-family culture), and (4) community and public policy (adequacy of government policies and social support systems). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple logistic regression.
Results
Approximately 77% of the participants planned to have children, and more than 60% wanted to have two or more children. Among the four levels of SEM, only intrapersonal factors, including intention to marry, fertility knowledge, and attitudes toward parenthood, were statistically significant in influencing childbearing intentions. The model explaining the intention to have a child demonstrated an explanatory power of 59.6%, incorporating factors such as marital intention, perceptions of parenthood, and fertility knowledge.
Conclusion
A noticeable gap exists between childbearing intentions and childbirth in South Korea. These findings provide insights into the nursing educational content needed for delivering family planning education to young adults. Targeted interventions such as counseling services and community education should be integrated into nursing practice. Moreover, nursing curricula should discuss factors influencing childbearing intentions to equip future nurses better to support young adults' family planning decisions.

Purpose
This study aimed to explore tutoring experiences related to a high-risk newborn care simulation among nurses and nursing students to derive insights into developing effective neonatal nursing practice.
Methods
A qualitative content-analysis study was conducted in March 2023. Data were collected through narrative surveys and focus group interviews with four neonatal intensive care unit nurses and 12 senior nursing students participating in a 1-day high-risk newborn care simulation program. A content analysis was performed on the collected data.
Results
Three categories (“efforts to foster a sense of presence,” “efforts to promote positive awareness of the neonatal intensive care unit,” and “establishing one’s role as an educator”) and six subcategories were derived from the nurses’ responses. Three categories (“growth through a realistic virtual simulation,” “improved learning effects,” and “hope for continued development”) and six subcategories were derived from the nursing students’ responses.
Conclusion
The nursing students experienced realistic practice with their nurse tutors in the high-risk newborn care simulation, which helped them form their professional identity as future nurses. After tutoring, the nurses’ perceptions of nursing students changed positively, which affected their teaching methods.

Purpose
This study explored the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and school factors, following the socioecological model, associated with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Korean high-school students.
Methods
A total of 231 students from first to third grade, aged 15–18 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors.
Results
Among the intrapersonal factors, fast-food consumption (β=0.13, t=1.97, p=.050) and habit strength of SSB consumption were positively associated (β=0.35, t=4.30, p<.001), and sleep duration was negatively associated with SSB consumption (β=–0.14, t=–2.02, p=.045). Among interpersonal factors, perceived SSB consumption by peers was positively associated (β=0.30, t=4.93, p<.001), and among school factors, vending machines at school (β=0.13, t=2.07, p=.039) and supermarkets and convenience stores near schools were positively associated with SSB consumption (β=0.17, t=2.87, p=.005).
Conclusion
School nurses should propose policies and interventions that consider the multilevel factors to reduce SSB consumption in adolescents.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine pediatric hospital nurses' perceptions and performance of family-centered care.
Methods
A descriptive study design was used. This study surveyed 162 nurses who worked at a single tertiary children's hospital in South Korea. The modified Family-Centered Care Scale was used to assess nurses' perceptions and performance of family-centered care. Barriers to the implementation of family-centered care were described in an open-ended format.
Results
Pediatric hospital nurses had a higher score for perceptions (mean score=4.07) than for performance (mean score=3.77). The collaboration subscale had the lowest scores for both perceptions and performance. The perceptions of family-centered care differed significantly according to the nurses’ clinical career in the pediatric unit and familiarity with family-centered care, while performance differed according to clinical career only. Perceptions and performance were positively correlated (r=.594, p<.001). Barriers to implementation included a shortage of nursing personnel, a lack of time, and the absence of a family-centered care system.
Conclusion
To improve the performance of family-centered care, nurses’ perceptions of family-centered care should be improved by offering education programs and active support, including sufficient staffing, and establishing systems within hospitals.

Citations

• The parent-doctor-child triangle: a structural equation modeling-based study in pediatric outpatient clinics in Indonesia
  Areta Idarto, Ferdi Antonio
  Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(1): 63.     CrossRef
• Family-centred care as a mediator in the relationship between parental nurse support and parental stress in neonatal intensive care units
  Ahmed Loutfy, Mohamed Ali Zoromba, Mai Adel Mohamed, Heba Emad El-Gazar, Shaherah Yousef Andargeery, Ahmed Hashem El-Monshed, Corrien Van Belkum, Ahmed Salah Ali
  BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• “It's challenging but not impossible”: Exploring clinical instructors' experiences of child and family centered care in clinical nursing education
  Mohammad Al-Motlaq
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 78: 172.     CrossRef
• Parent Education and Counseling (PairEd-C) Intervention to Improve Family-Centered Care: Protocol for a Prospective Acceptability Study Using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability
  Leul Deribe, Eshetu Girma, Nataliya Lindström, Abdulkadir Gidey, Solomon Teferra, Adamu Addissie
  JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e54914.     CrossRef
• A validity and reliability of the atraumatic care education model questionnaire based on family-centred care in minimising the stress of hospitalisation in children
  Dera Alfiyanti, Arief Sufyanti, Ilya Krisnana, Mira Triharini, Satriya Pranata
  Scripta Medica.2024; 55(5): 537.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-centered interventions on improving health outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods
A literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using six electronic databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria encompassed studies with populations of children and adolescents (age <18 years) and at least one parent/caregiver, or only parents/caregivers if the children were very young, and studies that investigated the health outcomes of children and parents/caregivers diagnosed with T1DM.
Results
From 2,746 published studies, only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The key interventions were non-technology-based interventions (n=4), technology-based interventions (n=2), and combined technology- and non-technologybased interventions (n=3). The interventions had effects on glycated hemoglobin, adherence to diabetes management, diabetes self-management behaviors, and parentchild teamwork in diabetes management. Other essential effects were children's quality of life, children's problem-solving skills, parents' quality of life, and parents' coping and depression.
Conclusion
Family-centered interventions can effectively improve health outcomes in children and adolescents with T1DM. In the future, family-centered interventions integrated with other approaches, theories, and models should be developed to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Citations

• Family therapy and systemic interventions for child‐focussed problems: The evidence base
  Alan Carr
  Journal of Family Therapy.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Family Peer Advocate Model to Address Disparities in Access to Care for Minority Autistic Children with Co-Occurring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
  Pilar Trelles, Behrang Mahjani, Emma Wilkinson, Nicholas Buonagura, Lauren Donnelly, Jennifer Foss Feig, Danielle Halpern, Mary McKay, Paige Siper, Joseph D Buxbaum, Alexander Kolevzon
  Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities.2025; 37(2): 217.     CrossRef
• Pre-Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescents and Teens: Screening, Nutritional Interventions, Beta-Cell Preservation, and Psychosocial Impacts
  Brody Sundheim, Krish Hirani, Mateo Blaschke, Joana R. N. Lemos, Rahul Mittal
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(2): 383.     CrossRef
• Integrating Theory With a User-Centered Design Approach to Maximize mHealth Acceptability and Usability
  A. Susana Ramírez, Guadalupe Xochitl Ayala, Mary Murillo, Debora C. Glik, Alma D. Guerrero
  Health Education & Behavior.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Trends, Mortality, and Socioeconomic Disparities in the U.S., 1998–2020
  Paul Wasuwanich, Joshua M. So, Mustafa Sadek, Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn, Songyos Rajborirug, Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira, Wikrom Karnsakul
  Children.2025; 12(1): 71.     CrossRef
• Impact of family environment on mental disorders and quality of life in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study and intervention policy analysis
  Jing Liu, Jinhong Li, Lichang Li, Kun Zeng
  Frontiers in Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychosocial Care for Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
  Jenna B. Shapiro, Kimberly P. Garza, Marissa A. Feldman, Madeleine C. Suhs, Julia Ellis, Amanda Terry, Kelsey R. Howard, Jill Weissberg-Benchell
  Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North Amer.2024; 53(1): 107.     CrossRef
• Moderating Effect of Depression on Glycemic Control in an eHealth Intervention Among Black Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
  Deborah Ellis, April Idalski Carcone, Thomas Templin, Meredyth Evans, Jill Weissberg-Benchell, Colleen Buggs-Saxton, Claudia Boucher-Berry, Jennifer L Miller, Tina Drossos, M Bassem Dekelbab
  JMIR Diabetes.2024; 9: e55165.     CrossRef
• Adolescents and type 1 diabetes: A grounded theory on adolescents' experiences of adaptation to type 1 diabetes
  Lobna Harazneh, Malakeh Z. Malak, Ahmad Ayed
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 76: e159.     CrossRef
• Self-care activities in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
  Mirjana Smudja, Tatjana Milenković, Ivana Minaković, Vera Zdravković, Jovan Javorac, Dragana Milutinović, Myriam M. Altamirano-Bustamante
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(3): e0300055.     CrossRef
• Educational needs of school health teachers caring for students with type 1 diabetes: An analysis using the Borich needs assessment and the locus for focus models
  Heewon Seok, Ju-Yeon Uhm
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing .2024; 30(4): 347.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the literature concerning the burdens of parents of preschool-aged children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Methods
We employed an integrative review methodology based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework. The literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines across four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO. Ultimately, 18 articles were included in the review.
Results
The review yielded four themes: (1) parental burdens, (2) factors related to the burdens, (3) coping strategies, and (4) implications for clinical practice. Parents experienced psychological, physical, and social burdens due to the diabetes care of their children. Several factors influenced burdens, including child-related characteristics such as age, severity of diabetes, and hospitalization experience, as well as parental factors like family income, race, and residential area. Parents initially felt burdened when their child was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but over time, they often adapted to the situation through support and sharing of responsibilities. Parents desired education and interventions reflecting the unique characteristics of preschoolers.
Conclusion
This integrative literature review revealed that parents experience numerous burdens when their child is diagnosed with diabetes. Future research should focus on developing interventions to address parents' psychological difficulties, including tracking parental psychological changes over time. Tailored nursing interventions should also be provided to parents of preschool-aged children, as opposed to the more generic nursing interventions traditionally applied across all age groups of children in clinical settings.

Citations

• Distinguishing risk factors for depression and burnout in parents managing type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
  Sumbule Koksoy Vayisoglu, Ebru Koc, Emine Oncu
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2025; 80: 32.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting care burden and life satisfaction among parents of children with type 1 diabetes
  Tuğba Bilgehan, Ezgi Bağrıaçık, Münevver Sönmez
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 77: e394.     CrossRef
• Preferences for Peer Support Amongst Families Engaged in Paediatric Screening Programmes: The Perspectives of Parents Involved in Screening for Type 1 Diabetes in Children Aged 3–13
  Ian Litchfield, Lauren M. Quinn, Felicity Boardman, Olga Boiko, Parth Narendran, Shivam Choundhary, Naga Setti, Veer Sheth, Sheila M. Greenfield
  Health Expectations.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
Based on the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study investigated how age group (adolescence and emerging adulthood) moderated the relative effects of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and subjective norms on preventive behavior against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods
This secondary data analysis utilized data from adolescents (n=272) and emerging adults (n=239). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the moderating effect of age group on the relationships among variables.
Results
Higher perceived susceptibility (β=.21, p<.001), perceived severity (β=.14, p=.002), subjective norms (friends) (β=.26, p<.001), subjective norms (parents) (β=.44, p<.001), and subjective norms (schools) (β=.28, p<.001) enhanced COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderated regression analysis showed that subjective norms (friends and school) impacted preventive behavior in adolescents more than in emerging adults.
Conclusion
Given the need to increase perceived susceptibility and severity among adolescents and emerging adults, these findings provide baseline data for designing effective COVID-19 prevention interventions that consider the developmental characteristics of different age groups. Interventions by health centers at universities can strengthen COVID-19 preventive behavior among emerging adults. As adolescents are influenced by friends, their peer roles must be strengthened to enhance adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines.

Citations

• Predicting cybersecurity behaviors in the metaverse through the lenses of TTAT and TPB: a hybrid SEM-ANN approach
  Rawan A. Alsharida, Bander Ali Saleh Al-rimy, Mostafa Al-Emran, Mohammed A. Al-Sharafi, Anazida Zainal
  Online Information Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Theory of Planned Behaviour and Sexting Intention of College Student
  Arta Dodaj, Kristina Sesar, Lucijana Bošnjak, Martina Vučić
  Emerging Adulthood.2024; 12(2): 163.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with the COVID-19 booster vaccine intentions of young adults in the United States
  Hyunmin Yu, Stephen Bonett, Ufuoma Oyiborhoro, Subhash Aryal, Melanie Kornides, Karen Glanz, Antonia Villarruel, José Bauermeister
  Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Related to the COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Six Middle and High Schools in Korea
  Shinae Lee, Gye-Hyun Jung, Hye-Young Song
  Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2779.     CrossRef

Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on humanity; in particular, chatbots have been designed for interactivity and applied to many aspects of daily life. Chatbots are also regarded as an innovative modality in nursing education. This study aimed to identify nursing students' awareness of using chatbots and factors influencing their usage intention.
Methods
This study, which employed a descriptive design using a self-reported questionnaire, was conducted at three university nursing schools located in Seoul, South Korea. The participants were 289 junior and senior nursing students. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires, both online via a Naver Form and offline.
Results
The total mean score of awareness of using chatbots was 3.49±0.61 points out of 5. The mean scores of the four dimensions of awareness of using chatbots were 3.37±0.60 for perceived value, 3.66±0.73 for perceived usefulness, 3.83±0.73 for perceived ease of use, and 3.36±0.87 for intention to use. Significant differences were observed in awareness of using chatbots according to satisfaction with nursing (p<.001), effectiveness of using various methods for nursing education (p<.001), and interest in chatbots (p<.001). The correlations among the four dimensions ranged from .52 to .80. In a hierarchical regression analysis, perceived value (β=.45) accounted for 60.2% of variance in intention to use.
Conclusion
The results suggest that chatbots have the potential to be used in nursing education. Further research is needed to clarify the effectiveness of using chatbots in nursing education.

Citations

• Predicting nursing students’ behavioral intentions to use AI: The interplay of ethical awareness, digital literacy, moral sensitivity, attitude, self-efficacy, anxiety, and social influence
  Mohammad Abuadas, Zainab Albikawi
  Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environmen.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Integrating artificial intelligence ethically in nursing education
  Dawn L. Riess
  Nursing.2025; 55(4): 56.     CrossRef
• Evolution of Chatbots in Nursing Education: Narrative Review
  Fang Zhang, Xiaoliu Liu, Wenyan Wu, Shiben Zhu
  JMIR Medical Education.2024; 10: e54987.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Learning on Nursing Students' Ethical Decision-making and Clinical Reasoning in Pediatric Care
  Hyewon Shin, Jennie C. De Gagne, Sang Suk Kim, Minjoo Hong
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(10): 704.     CrossRef
• Artificial intelligence tools utilized in nursing education: Incidence and associated factors
  Samar Thabet Jallad, Khitam Alsaqer, Baker Ishaq Albadareen, Duaa Al-maghaireh
  Nurse Education Today.2024; 142: 106355.     CrossRef
• The association of artificial intelligence ethical awareness, attitudes, anxiety, and intention-to-use artificial intelligence technology among nursing students
  Moh''d Khair Migdadi, Islam Ali Oweidat, Mohammad R. Alosta, Khalid Al-Mugheed, Amany Anwar Saeed Alabdullah, Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• UNLOCKING THE TRANSFORMATIVE POWER OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
  TIJJANI MUHAMMAD, MARY DAVID
  Innovare Journal of Social Sciences.2024; : 19.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of pediatric nurses’ perception of patient safety culture and their partnership with patients’ parents on pediatric patient safety nursing activities.
Methods
This descriptive study was conducted over a two-month period, from October to November 2022, utilizing self-reported questionnaires. The study included 165 nurses, each having at least 6 months of working experience in wards where children were admitted. These nurses were selected from 13 pediatric specialty hospitals, general hospitals, and university hospitals across seven regions. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program (IBM Corp.) for descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The average scores for awareness of patient safety culture, partnership with patients’ parents, and pediatric patient safety nursing activities were 3.37±0.41, 3.94±0.41, and 4.50±0.38, out of 5 points respectively. The factors influencing pediatric patient safety nursing activities were identified as a partnership with patients’ parents (β=.41, p<.001). Among hospital-related characteristics, safety management committee (β=.16, p=.029) and safety management regulations (β=.17, p=.016) were also analyzed as factors influencing patient safety nursing activities. These factors accounted for 29.2% of the explanatory power for pediatric patient safety nursing activities.
Conclusion
Based on the above study results, we found that to promote safe nursing activities for pediatric patients, developing and implementing training programs that enhance partnerships with patient’s parents was imperative, and establishing work regulations and a safety management committee to systematically manage safety management tasks was deemed important.

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a multicultural education program for Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) nurses by using concept mapping, and to evaluate its effectiveness in enhancing the nurses’ cultural competence and multicultural acceptance.
Methods
This study utilized the ADDIE model (which comprises the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages) to design and implement a concept mapping-based multicultural education program for MBU nurses in a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design. This program was structured into five sessions, each incorporating the use of concept maps to facilitate self-reflection and critical thinking. All sessions were conducted using the online Zoom platform, allowing participants to engage without restrictions on time or location. A total of 53 nurses participated, with 26 assigned to the experimental group and 27 to the control group. The program’s effectiveness was assessed through changes in cultural competence and multicultural acceptance, measured using validated scales.
Results
The results demonstrated significant improvements in both cultural competence and multicultural acceptance in the experimental group compared to the control group, supporting the hypotheses that such educational interventions can enhance nurses’ ability to provide culturally appropriate care.
Conclusion
Concept mapping fosters self-reflection and critical thinking, effectively increasing MBU nurses’ cultural competence and multicultural acceptance. This study offers a practical framework for integrating multicultural education into nursing training, ultimately improving care for foreign mothers and reducing the challenges faced by MBU nurses.

Purpose
The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy.
Methods
An evidence-based practice project utilized a randomized control trial design with two groups (experimental and control groups). Fifty-nine pediatric patients with cancer in Jordan, aged 8–18 years, were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or the control group (n=30). The intervention was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022. The severity of oral mucositis among pediatric cancer patients was assessed using the World Health Organization oral mucositis grade.
Results
There were no significant differences in sex or disease type among the groups. On days 7, 14, and 21, we observed notable between-group differences in treatment responses and the intensity of oral mucositis, highlighting the efficacy of cryotherapy in diminishing the severity of oral mucositis.
Conclusion
This study supports the use of cryotherapy as a preventive measure for oral mucositis among pediatric oncology patients in Jordan. The findings suggest that cryotherapy effectively reduces the severity of oral mucositis. Further research is necessary to investigate the broader impacts of cryotherapy.

Purpose
This study aimed to conduct a concept analysis of health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy to promote conceptual clarification and facilitate mutual understanding of the concept.
Methods
Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was adopted.
Results
Health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy consists of six attributes: health status, inner strength, close relationships, resource-rich community, social acceptance, and changeability. According to the ecological system paradigm, these attributes are structured into five dimensions: organism, microsystem, macrosystem, exosystem, and chronosystem. These dimensions provide a comprehensive approach to the relationship between children with epilepsy and their environment. Epilepsy and interactions with multilevel ecological systems that are directly and indirectly related to children with epilepsy precede the concept, followed by positive and negative affective responses.
Conclusion
The findings of this study may support effective communication in various practice settings, thereby contributing to the health and well-being of children with epilepsy, as well as the development and expansion of interventions to improve their health-related quality of life.

Purpose
Parental satisfaction is essential for evaluating pediatric care quality and influences healthcare practices and performance. Pediatric patients frequently experience anxiety, affecting their and their parents’ satisfaction. Nurses play a key role in reducing anxiety and improving care interactions. Meeting parents’ expectations shapes long-term outcomes and impacts the hospital’s reputation. While instruments such as the Child ZAP (Zufriedenheit in der Arztpraxis) provide comprehensive measures of satisfaction, their use in Indonesia has not been explored. This study aimed to validate the Child ZAP and offer insights to improve pediatric care quality in Indonesia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 mothers whose children were older than 5 years and received treatment at private hospitals. Structured questionnaires were analyzed using partial least squared-structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 4, and a disjoint two-stage method was used to test dimensionality.
Results
All hypotheses were significant (p<.05), demonstrating strong support. All Child ZAP dimensions, treated as lower-order constructs, effectively measured parents’ satisfaction as a higher-order construct. Overall parental satisfaction significantly influenced behavioral intention and mediated its relationship with Child ZAP. The mother’s and the child’s age served as moderating factors. The research model exhibited strong predictive power, underscoring pediatric nurses’ pivotal role in improving communication among parents, physicians, and children to ensure quality care.
Conclusion
The Child ZAP instrument effectively evaluates parental satisfaction by examining how children interact and communicate with medical staff. It assesses doctors’ engagement with children and their communication skills, highlighting nurses’ essential role in providing family-centered pediatric care.

Purpose
This study aims to explore the factors influencing nursing professionalism among nursing students, focusing on the image of nurses, satisfaction with their major, and career metacognition.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive survey with 185 nursing students from D city and K region on June 10–30, 2024. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 27.0 (IBM Corp.), employing descriptive statistics, t tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting nursing professionalism among nursing students.
Results
The regression analysis revealed that the image of nurses (β=.69, p<.001) and monitoring aspect of career metacognition (β=.13, p=.025) were significant predictors of nursing professionalism, accounting for 64.5% of the variance.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the image of nurses and monitoring component of career metacognition are critical in shaping nursing professionalism among nursing students. Therefore, nursing education programs should aim to improve the image of nurses and promote self-reflective career practices as strategies to foster professionalism among nursing students.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, opinions, competence, and barriers of nurses providing trauma-informed care (TIC) to children in hospitals.
Methods
Data were collected from 198 nurses nationwide using the TIC Provider Survey developed by the Center for Pediatric Traumatic Stress in July, 2024. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and one-way ANOVA were conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (ver. 23.0, IBM Corp.).
Results
Of the 13 items assessing knowledge of TIC, seven had a correct response rate of over 90%. However, the correct response rate for these three items were less than 30%. Regarding opinions on the TIC, more than 90% of participants agreed with five of the seven items. In self-rated competence in providing TIC, they were not competent in responding to a child’s (or parent’s) questions about whether the child is going to die or understanding how traumatic stress may present differently according to developmental stages. The major barriers to providing TIC were time constraints, lack of training, and organizational support. Items with relatively low performance rates were ‘teach parents what to say to their child after a difficult/sick/scary experience, and teach child or parents the specific ways to cope with unpleasant experiences’.
Conclusion
This study suggests that it can contribute to the development of specific guidelines for nurses to effectively apply TIC in pediatric and family nursing practice, emphasizing the need for educational programs to support this implementation.

The objective of this research was to examine current telehealth practices in managing children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to map existing implementations using the American Medical Association’s Virtual Care Value Framework. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The databases, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed, were searched with specific keywords related to telehealth and ADHD. The screening process followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In­clusion criteria were restricted to articles published in English between January 2000 and July 2024, focusing on children with ADHD, their parents, caregivers, family members, teachers, healthcare professionals, and articles implementing telehealth interventions. As a result, out of 389 initially identified articles, 22 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were predominantly conducted in the United States. The most common telehealth meth­ods included videoconferencing and telephone-based communications. Key areas of fo­cus in these studies included clinical outcomes, access to care, patient and family experi­ence, caregiver experience, clinician experience, and financial and operational impact. However, none of the studies addressed health equity. In conclusion, telehealth has shown effectiveness in improving ADHD assessment, treatment adherence, and parental education, leading to positive patient outcomes and experiences. However, the financial impact of telehealth remains uncertain. Further research is needed, particularly outside the United States, to explore emerging telehealth technologies and areas overlooked by the Virtual Care Value Framework, such as health equity.

Purpose
Hybrid simulation has emerged to increase the practicality of simulation training by combining simulators and standardized patient (SP) that implement realistic clinical environments at a high level. This study aimed to develop a hybrid simulation program focused on case of pediatric cardiac catheterization and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The hybrid simulation program was developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model. And deep learning-based analysis program was used to analyze non-verbal communication with SP and applied it for debriefing sessions. To verify the effect of the program, a quasi-experimental study using a random assignment design was conducted. In total, 48 nursing students (n=24 in the experimental group; n=24 in the control group) participated in the study.
Results
Knowledge (F=3.53, p=.038), confidence in clinical performance (F=9.73, p<.001), and communication self-efficacy (F=5.20, p=.007) showed a significant difference in both groups and interaction between time points, and the communication ability of the experimental group increased significantly (t=3.32, p=.003).
Conclusion
Hybrid simulation program developed in this study has been proven effective, it can be implemented in child nursing education. Future research should focus on developing and incorporating various hybrid simulation programs using SP into the nursing curriculum and evaluating their effectiveness.

Citations

• Enhancing nurse-parent partnership for NICU nurses by investigating multi-modal learning with a hybrid simulation approach that integrates metaverses and real-world training
  Hee Young Kim, Soon Hyun Myung, In Young Cho
  Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 84: 104294.     CrossRef
• The role of artificial intelligence in shaping nursing education: A comprehensive systematic review
  Jiatian Ma, Jiamin Wen, Ying Qiu, Yuling Wang, Qiao Xiao, Tingting Liu, Dong Zhang, Yangyang Zhao, Zebang Lu, Zhiling Sun
  Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 84: 104345.     CrossRef

Purpose
Adolescent self-harm is a public health problem. Research suggests a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and self-destructive behaviors. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of ACEs on self-harm among Asian adolescents. This study explored the association between lifetime ACEs and a history of self-harm among Korean children and adolescents in elementary, middle, and high schools.
Methods
A cross-sectional, retrospective medical record review was conducted on a dataset of a national psychiatrist advisory service for school counselors who participated in the Wee Doctor Service from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression to predict self-harm.
Results
Student cases (n=171) were referred to psychiatrists by school counselors for remote consultation. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds of self-harm were higher among high school students (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=4.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.94-12.76), those with two or more ACEs (aOR=3.27; 95% CI=1.43-7.47), and those with depression (aOR=3.06; 95% CI=1.32-7.10).
Conclusion
The study's findings provide compelling evidence that exposure to ACEs can increase vulnerability to self-harm among Korean students. Students with a history of ACEs and depression, as well as high school students, require increased attention during counseling. School counselors can benefit from incorporating screening assessment tools that include questions related to ACEs and depression. Establishing a systematic referral system to connect students with experts can enhance the likelihood of identifying self-harm tendencies and offering the essential support to prevent self-harm.

Citations

• Adverse childhood experiences and health-related outcomes in early adulthood: Evidence from the Korean Welfare Panel Study
  Changyong Choi, Joshua P. Mersky
  Children and Youth Services Review.2025; 170: 108158.     CrossRef
• Global burden of all cause-specific injuries among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 : a prospective cohort study
  Cong Li, Jinghua Jiao, Guangyao Hua, Gantugs Yundendorj, Shunming Liu, Honghua Yu, Lijun Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Lei Liu
  International Journal of Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of nurse’s knowledge and self-efficacy on nursing performance in pediatric intravenous fluid management and provide the primary data necessary for the efficient intravenous injection management of hospitalized children.
Methods
This study was a descriptive study design with 141 nurses who perform pediatric intravenous therapy care at eight hospitals in the S, C, D, and S regions. Data were collected from September 1, 2023, to September 30, 2023.
Results
Nursing performance of pediatric intravenous injection management was significantly positively correlated with knowledge (r=.44, p<.001) and self-efficacy (r=.19, p=.022). Nurses’ knowledge (β=.42, p<.001) and self-efficacy (β=.22, p=.004) of pediatric intravenous injection management and care were identified as significant predictors of nursing performance thereof, with these two factors explaining 21.9% of the variance.
Conclusion
This study found that knowledge and self-efficacy of pediatric intravenous injection management are significant predictors of the practice of intravenous care among pediatric nurses. Therefore, considering these factors, education and intervention programs should be developed to enhance pediatric nurses' knowledge and self-efficacy regarding intravenous injection management.

Purpose
The rising prevalence of smartphone overdependence among adolescents and its detrimental impact on mental health have become a growing concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between smartphone overdependence and the mental health of Korean adolescents.
Methods
Participants were drawn from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted in 2020. The dependent variable as smartphone overdependence, while the main exposure of interest was mental health, encompassing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), perceived stress, sources of perceived stress, perceived loneliness, and perceived depressive symptoms. The study employed the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
The participants comprised 54,948 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Among them, 25.1% (n=13,775) were categorized as smartphone overdependence group. Specifically, 20.3% of adolescents who reported GAD ≥10 and 22.5% of those who reported experiencing high levels of perceived loneliness were identified as smartphone overdependent. The GAD increased a risk of smartphone overdependence by 2.61 times (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.46–2.77). Perceived loneliness was associated with 1.98-fold (95% CI: 1.87–2.09) increased risk of smartphone overdependence. Additionally, conflict with peers was found to increase the risk of smartphone overdependence by 4.63-fold (95% CI: 3.89–5.52), followed by conflict with parents (odds ratio [OR]: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.84–5.31), and family environment (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.75–5.46).
Conclusion
The findings underscore a significant association between smartphone overdependence and mental health in Korean adolescents. Healthcare services to improve their emotional coping and interpersonal skills are necessary.

Citations

• Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Female Adolescents With Smartphone Overdependence
  Hyeongyeong Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Health Care.2025; 39(2): 225.     CrossRef
• Excessive smartphone use, smartphone dependency and body image distortion in Korean adolescents
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 58.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics of South Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a children's hospital over the past 5 years, with a specific focus on comparing the features observed between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Additionally, it aimed to examine the nursing diagnoses given to patients.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of Korean pediatric patients under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with IBD and hospitalized at a children's hospital in Seoul, South Korea, from January 2017 to December 2021.
Results
The number of pediatric patients diagnosed with IBD steadily increased. This finding was particularly prominent for CD patients, the majority of whom were male. Pediatric patients with CD had significantly higher rates of abdominal pain and perianal lesions, while pediatric patients with UC had a higher rate of bloody stool. Laboratory findings indicated that CD patients had higher levels of inflammatory markers and lower albumin levels than UC patients. The nursing diagnoses given during hospitalization mostly related to safety and protection, physical comfort, and gastrointestinal function.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into Korean pediatric IBD patients, enabling early detection and the development of nursing intervention strategies. From a comprehensive perspective, nursing care should not only address patients' physical needs but also their psychosocial needs.

Purpose
We developed a virtual reality (VR) program for use in pediatric nursing practicums to help nursing students learn to measure vital signs in children.
Methods
The analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation model was employed between July 2021 and December 2021 at a university in South Korea. In the analysis phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with four nursing students, two nursing school graduates, and four experts. The topic and contents of the VR program were settled in the design phase. The VR program was developed and subsequently used and evaluated by 20 nursing students and four experts.
Results
The contents of the VR program for pediatric nursing practicums included the measurement of vital signs in a newborn baby and a young child, as well as an evaluation system. The mean score for the nursing students' satisfaction with practice was 4.02 out of 5 points. The mean scores for overall satisfaction with the VR program were 4.15 and 4.79 out of 5 points for nursing students and experts, respectively.
Conclusion
The VR program developed in this study allows nursing students to practice measuring vital signs in children, thus improving the students' clinical performance in pediatric nursing.

Citations

• Digital Educational Tools for Undergraduate Nursing Education: A Review of Serious Games, Gamified Applications and Non-Gamified Virtual Reality Simulations/Tools for Nursing Students
  Vasiliki Eirini Chatzea, Ilias Logothetis, Michail Kalogiannakis, Michael Rovithis, Nikolas Vidakis
  Information.2024; 15(7): 410.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of healthy lifestyle interventions (HLSIs) on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in childhood and adolescent cancer survivors (CACS).
Methods
Major databases were searched for English-language original articles published between January 1, 2000 and May 2, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs were included. Quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.
Results
Nineteen studies were included. Significant effects on HR-QoL were found for interventions using a multi-modal approach (exercise and education) (d=-0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.84 to -0.07, p=.02), lasting not less than 6 months (d=-0.72; 95% CI=-1.15 to -0.29, p=.0010), and using a group approach (d=-0.46; 95% CI=-0.85 to -0.06, p=.02). Self-efficacy showed significant effects when HLSIs provided health education only (d=-0.55; 95% CI=-0.92 to -0.18; p=.003), lasted for less than 6 months (d=-0.40; 95% CI=-0.69 to -0.11, p=.006), and were conducted individually (d=-0.55; 95% CI=-0.92 to -0.18, p=.003). The physical outcomes (physical activity, fatigue, exercise capacity-VO2, exercise capacity-upper body, body mass index) revealed no statistical significance.
Conclusion
Areas of HLSIs for CACS requiring further study were identified, and needs and directions of research for holistic health management were suggested.

Citations

• Team Survivors: Preliminary Analysis of an Innovative Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
  Meghan K. Flannery, Jocelyn Morin, Katrina O’Malley, Debra Schmidt, Jennifer A. Hoag
  Children.2025; 12(4): 399.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle program based on a mobile serious game for childhood cancer survivors: A quasi-randomized trial
  Kyung-ah Kang, Han-ho Kim, Shin-jeong Kim, In-hye Song, Min-jin Lee, Su-yong Lee, Sae-rom Han, Ki-hyuk Lee, So-won Kim, Hye-rin Nam, Mi-na Park, Hye-min Lee, Hee-jin Yoon
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2024; 77: 35.     CrossRef
• Barriers, facilitators, and other factors associated with health behaviors in childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review
  Ismay A. E. de Beijer, Eline Bouwman, Renée L. Mulder, Philippa Steensma, Morven C. Brown, Vera Araújo‐Soares, Magdalena Balcerek, Edit Bardi, Jeanette Falck Winther, Line Elmerdahl Frederiksen, Marloes van Gorp, Sara Oberti, Rebecca J. van Kalsbeek, Toma
  Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to systematically review studies on the effect of peer tutoring on pediatric nursing education for nursing students and identify its contents and characteristics.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted from November to December 2023 across databases including PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ProQuest, and others. We included both published and unpublished literature in English or Korean. Three reviewers independently screened and selected eligible studies that involved undergraduate nursing students participating in peer tutoring programs focused on pediatric nursing education. We analyzed quantitative outcomes related to learning effects and learner responses. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and the risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies.
Results
Five studies were reviewed, encompassing randomized controlled trials, a non-randomized controlled trial, a cohort study, and a before-after study. These interventions were conducted in school settings or pediatric clinical environments and featured different forms of peer teaching: horizontal, near-peer, and reciprocal. The tutor-to-tutee ratios ranged from 1:3 to 1:36.5. The educational content covered nursing care for major neonatal diseases, communication skills, medication administration, and resuscitation techniques. Significant improvements in cognitive knowledge and communication skills were observed among nursing students. However, there was noticeable variability in the design and reporting of the studies.
Conclusion
Peer tutoring programs can effectively enhance pediatric nursing education by improving nursing students’ knowledge and skills. For future meta-analyses, more studies in this field reported according to reporting guidelines are needed.

Purpose
This research was conducted to explore the experience of mothers in raising stunted toddlers aged between 6–59 months. It also examined the perceptions of parenting styles shaped by socio-cultural contexts and time constraints affecting the nutritional status as well as growth in Bejiharjo Village, Java, Indonesia.
Methods
A qualitative method was used and data were collected through in-depth interviews, diary recording, and focus group discussions with mothers of toddlers, stakeholders, and healthcare professionals. Transcript data from recorded interviews were processed using qualitative content analysis.
Results
The results showed that there were four emergent themes, namely “Toddler parenting patterns,” “Family and environmental health,” “Eating patterns and consumption habits of toddlers,” as well as “Literacy and understanding of parenting and child health.” Furthermore, eight related theme clusters were yielded from the analysis of parenting experiences. Differences between stunted and non-stunted toddlers in parenting patterns and daily activities were recorded. Interactions between toddlers and mothers as well as productive activities had a shorter average duration.
Conclusion
Mothers experience various challenges and limitations in raising toddlers with the risk of stunting. Therefore, increasing understanding and knowledge about the importance of healthy parenting and good nutrition are necessary to prevent stunting.

Purpose
With the recent increase in interest in patient safety, prevention of falls in hospitalized children has become important. This study aimed to identify the incidence rate of falls among hospitalized children and explore fall-related characteristics.
Methods
This retrospective descriptive study analyzed the medical information of 18,119 patients aged <18 years admitted to a general hospital in South Korea from electronic medical records and fall event reports between January 1, 2018, and September 30, 2023. The study variables included the general and clinical characteristics of the fall group and fall-related characteristics of the fall events. This study employed descriptive statistics and a chi-square test using IBM SPSS version 26.0.
Results
Among the patients, 82 fall events were identified. Therefore, the fall incidence rate was 4.5 falls per 1,000 patients. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found concerning the type of injury sustained between children >1 year old and those <1 year old, and most cases had no damage or bruises. More cases were found in which falls occurred two days after hospitalization in winter and summer than on the day or the day after hospitalization, which was a statistically significant difference. In addition, fall prevalence was higher between 8 am and 4 pm, and when no caregiver was present. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, education and interventions to prevent fall events in infants and toddlers should persist throughout hospitalization, and it is necessary to guide continuous management and observation of the caregivers.

Purpose
To measure the level of reflection, this study analyzes diaries written by third-year nursing students before and after the debriefing stage in simulation training. A qualitative study using diary entries from 15 nursing students to explore reflection depth.
Methods
Students engaged in simulation training and the debriefing stage, documenting their reflections in diaries. Before and after debriefing, reflections were rated from Level 1 (reflectivity) to Level 7 (theoretical reflectivity).
Results
The total number of reflection levels rose significantly from 545 to 829 post-debriefing, enhancing higher-order reflection.The shift signifies a move from superficial to deep reflection, highlighting debriefing's role in fostering critical thinking.
Conclusion
The findings underscore the critical role of debriefing in enhancing reflective thinking in nursing education. There is a demonstrated need for further research into the specific elements of debriefing that are most effective at promoting deep reflection. Future studies should conduct comparative analyses of different debriefing methods and approaches across various educational settings. This research could lay the foundation for designing more effective debriefing strategies that foster critical thinking and improve learning outcomes in nursing education.

Purpose
This study aimed to describe the process of developing a validated pediatric nursing simulation scenario template using the real-time Delphi method.
Methods
A panel of 13 pediatric nursing experts participated in a real-time Delphi survey conducted over two rounds. Initially, 83 items were included in the questionnaire focusing on the structure and content of the simulation scenario template. Data analysis involved calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and the coefficient of variation to assess item validity and stability.
Results
Through iterative rounds of the Delphi survey, a consensus was reached among the experts, resulting in the development of a pediatric nursing simulation scenario template comprising 41 items across nine parts. The CVR values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating a high consensus among experts regarding the inclusion of all items in the template.
Conclusion
This study presents a novel approach for developing a pediatric nursing simulation scenario template using real-time Delphi methods. The real-time Delphi method facilitated the development of a comprehensive and scientifically grounded pediatric nursing simulation scenario template. Our template aligns with the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning standards, and provides valuable guidance for educators in designing effective simulation scenarios, contributing to enhanced learning outcomes and better preparation for pediatric clinical practice. However, consideration of cultural and contextual adaptations is necessary, and further research should explore alternative consensus criteria.