The purpose of this study was to provide qualified nursing care to examine the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center. Data were collected from March, 8 to June, 5, 1999 from 304 subjects including 2 University hospitals located in Seoul. Using the 23 item questionnaire, which made out by Davis CHECSS tool through modification and supplement by researchers. The collected data were scored by use of means and standard deviations according to the degree of satisfaction with nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center and each item as an independent variable was analysed by t-test and ANOVA test. The results are as follows. 1. The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients visiting emergency center showed as an average of 3.69. 2. With the resept of general characteristics related to pediatric patients visiting emergency center, there were statiscally significant difference in duration of stay at emergency center(F=2.908, p=.014), type of disease(F=1.777, p=.046). The degree of satisfaction with the nursing care of pediatric patients of examiners showed relatively high, but emotional care and information supply are required.

Recently, the number of obese people have been increasing due to westernized diets and increased sedentary activity. In particular, obese adolescent have been newly recognized as having significant health problems. This study focuses on determining the gender difference of obese adolescents through implementation of a structured questionnaire on general characteristics, attitudes toward dieting, eating habits and emotional depression due to obesity. Data collection was carried out by 291 students in attendance at 3 high schools in Pusan from 11. 2. 1998 to 11. 30. 1998. The targes were 148 boys and 143 girls who were judged as obese in the school's physical check-up. The test of reliability of this research was calculated by chronbach's alpha . Data analysis was managed by computer and statistics by SPSS/WIN. The results of the survey are as follows: 1.For the questionnaire regarding attitudes toward dieting which include 28 items, 10 out of 28 items (about 36%)showed gender difference. 2. For the questionnaire regarding eating habits which include 17 items, 5 out of 17 items (about 30%)showed gender difference. 3.For the questionnaire regarding emotional depression about obesity, 30.6% of boys and 27.3% girls answered but no statistical significance. The results of this survey indicated that this study will be important as a good guideline for treating obese adolescents. It is hoped that much more research on gender difference in obese adolescents will be implemented in the future. In addition, the development of effective treatments for obesity should be based on the gender of the adolescent.

A descriptive exploratory design was used in this study to evaluate the effects of sponge bathing on physiological(heart rate, heart period, vagal tone, oxygen saturation, respiration) and behavioral responses in newly born 40 preterm infants from intensive care unit of S University Hospital in Seoul. Data has been collected from October, 1997 to March, 1999. The infants were between 27-33 weeks gestational age at birth, and were free of congenital defects. The subjects entered the protocol when they were medically stable (determined by initiation of feeding and discontinuation of all respiratory support) but still receiving neonatal intensive care. The infants' physiologic parameters were recorded a 10 - minute before, during, and after bathing. Continuous heart rate data were recorded on a notebook computer from the infant's EKG monitor. The data were digitized off-line on software(developed by Lee and Chang in Wavelet program) which detected the peak of the R wave for each heart beat and quantified sequential R-R intervals in msec(i.e. heart periods). Heart period data were edited to remove movement artifact. Heart period data were quantified as : 1) mean heart period; 2) vagal tone. Vagal tone was quantitfied with a noninvasive measure developed by Porges(1985) in Mxedit software. To determine behavioral status, tools were developed by Scafidi et al(1990) were used. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS program using paried t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The result were as follow. 1.The results of the ANOVAs indicated that vagal tone were signifcantly lower during bathing than baseline and post-bathing. There were significant differences in heart period and heart rate levels across the bathing. But the mean oxygen saturations and respirations were no differences. Also, there were no significant differences on behavioral sign, motor activity, behavioral distress, weight changes, morbidity, and hospitalization period. 2. To evaluate the relation between vagal tone and subsequent parameters, the two groups (the high group had 19 subjects and low group had 21subjects) were divided by the mean baseline vagal tone. Vagal tone measured prior to bathing were significantly associated with respiration before bathing, vagal tone during bathing, and the magnitude of change in both vagal tone. But, other subsequent reactivities were no differences in two groups. 3.Correlations were also calculated between vagal tone and the subsequent physiological reactivities from baseline through after- bathing. Correlations were significant between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart rate, between baseline vagal tone and baseline heart period, between baseline vagal tone and oxygen saturation after bathing. In summary, the bathing in this study showed a stressful stimulus on premature infants through there was significance in the physiological parameters. In addition, our study represents the documentation that vagal tone reactivity in response to clearly defined external stimulation provides an index of infant's status.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of and the factors in relation to drinking and smoking of elementary school. The subject for this study consisted of 604 students of six elementary schools located in Pusan. The data were collected by using a anonymous questionnaire during the period from Nov. 1, 1998 to Nov. 15, 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of drinking of the whole respondents was 20.7% (male 25.4%, female 15.6%), the rate of smoking was 8.1%(male 11.7%, female 4.2%). The user of drink and cigarets together showed 5.6%. 2. The school year of the first drinking and smoking was most at the 5th grade in elementary school(drinking 24.8%, smoking 20.4%). The motivation of beginning drinking and smoking was curiosity for the most part(32.0%, 61.2%). As to a way to get drink and cigarets, using a thing in the house' was most(82.2%). As to a used place, their own home or their friends' home showed 32.2% for the most part. Companion was mostly alone(84.0%). 3. Those who had experience of drinking and smoking took more positive attitude toward drinker and smoker, were more hospitable to exhortation to drinking and smoking, and were more positive about the late intention of drinking and smoking, but his desire for health education was lower than not. And he showed overlooking or keeping step with his friend's drinking and smoking. 4. In the results so far investigated difference of drinking and smoking according to a general tendency of respondents. The experience of drinking was related to sex distinction (P=0.003) and the marital status of parents (P=0.001). And the experience of smoking had relation to sex distinction(P=0.001), the marital status of parents(P=0.001), the parent's attitude of bring up(P=0.020) and making use of leisure (P=0.029)(P < .05).

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on nausea, vomiting and anxiety experienced by children who were histologically diagnosed as malignancy and have received cancer chemotherapy. Twenty subjects with 10 in experimental group and 10 in control group, between the age of 7 to 12 years participated in this study. All subjects were admitted for inpatients chemotherapy at the S hospital between April to August 1998. The methods used for interventional muscle relaxation were both the 16 items of the progressive muscle relaxation therapy developed by Jacobson and the 4 items of the muscle relaxation therapy by Wolpe. The method for assessing nausea, vomiting was the Index of Nausea and Vomiting by Rhodes et al and that for anxiety was State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children by Spielberger. The data was analysed by repeated measures ANOVA and Scheffe test using SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. On measurement of nausea, vomiting, in the experimental group, the mean values of the second and the third measurements showed tendency to slightly decrease compared with the first measurement, but there was no statistically significance. And in the control group, there were no significant differences among first measurement, second measurement and third measurement. Also there was no significant difference in the mean values assessing nausea, vomiting between experimental and control group (F=1.33, p=0.2645). 2. The results assessing state anxiety showed, in the experimental group, progressive decrease in mean values at each measurement, while the control group showed no significant differences between the mean values of each measurement. Also there was statistically significant difference in state anxiety measurements between experimental and control group(F=4.36, p=0.05). In conclusion, muscle relaxation therapy for school-aged children with chemotherapy could not be effective to decrease nausea, vomiting, but it could be effective to decrease anxiety.

Oral medication is the most frequent treatment measure for follow up treatment, which is leading by childrens' parents for them. In medication for preoperational children, they tend to concentrate the result rather than the motivation or cause. So, they frequently refuse medication which has bitter taste. So this study was attempted to develop token economy program which promote children's medication and help their parents, and to evaluate its' effect to construct the experimental ground. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group posttest only design. The subjects of this study were 36 children who were aged 3-6 years and admitted pediatric ward because of their respiratory disease. Token economy program was consisted of cartoon record paper with stickers which expresses the better medication is taken the more germs die, and gift was given for back up reinforcer. To evaluate this program, time for oral medication was measured to both experimental group and control group. To determine the effect of the program, the data were analyzed by the SAS 6.12 program with t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Between experimental group and control group, there was no significant difference (t=-1.2411, P=0.2374). Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was rejected. In conclusion, the token economy program for follow up care didn't change the children's behavior of oral medication. But it was found that the cartoon on recording paper gave a pleasure to participated children. Parents who were in experimental group expressed their appreciation for token economy program. So it can be said that the token economy program for follow up care was effective in inducing the children's pleasure and parents' satisfaction even though it wasn't successful in experiment. If the measuring tools for token economy program was made with well planned design and high reliability, it can be improved the effectiveness of that To develope the theoretical bases of nursing care, the well planned programs and measuring tools for them should be developed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mother's knowledge level of breast feeding and nursing activities related to breast feeding perceived by mothers. The subjects were 77 mothers who within 3 days after child birth in 2 Obstetric Clinic in Seoul and P city from Dec 1 to 31, 1999. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed Jung et al.(1994). This study was statistically analyzed according to Frequency, t-test and ANOVA. The results are as follows : 1) The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 30-34 years(44.2%), high school & college graduate(93.6%), had one child(51.9%), had no religion(42.9%), jobless(72.7%) and had no experience of breast feeding(59.7%). 2)Mean score of mother's knowledge level of breast feeding was ranged from 7-16. Mean score of breast feeding was 11.56 points out of possible 20 points meaned that it was a low level. 3)General characteristics were significantly related to mother's knowledge level of breast feeding as follow : age(F= 3.99, P < 0.001) and religion(F= 4.30, P < 0.05). 4) Mean score of nursing activities related to breast feeding by mothers was ranged from 30-146. Mean score of nursing activities related to breast feeding perceived by mothers was 100.05 points out of 150 points meant that it was a high level.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic disease of childhood. Although an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma has had a positive impact on the treatment and management of the disease, there has been a gradual but significant increase in asthma mortality. Also, mother's caring type is the essential factor in management of the child with asthma. The purpose of this study is to identify and understand the caring patterns of mathers of children with Athma by Q methodology. As a research method, 35 Q-statements were collected through individual interviews and review of related literatures. 37 subjects were interviewed and the data were analyzed by the PC QUANL program with principal component analysis. The were 3 different caring types classified as follows : Type I was the therapeutic compliance obeying type, compliancing medication and preventing cold etc. Type II was the physical strengthening type, taking Chinese medicine and folk remedy etc. Type III was the environment control type, managing house and environment clearly and ventilating room air etc. Therefore, it needs considering above each type in nursing care of the family and children with asthma.

The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the Child Health Management Service that was promoted as a part of Mother-Child Health Guidance Project by the Public Health Center of BukCheju-gun in 1999, to reflect the problems needed to be improved, and, thus, to present the integral program model for the Child Health Management Service that guides childhood health, regarded as the foundation of that of the adulthood period, to the optimum level. The common results of the evaluation of the Child Health Management Service of BukCheju-gun public health center are as below: 1. In the aspect of public information, the existing simple material and method of public information was not effective. 2. The opportunities for the necessary training and education to develop the persons concerned and their ability for the Child Health Management were not enough. 3. The environment under which the service, aimed to promote Child's health, was carried out was not clearly divided from that of the services related with the prevention and treatment of disease. And the service environment for the child health was threatening to the clients. 4. Still, the actual result was pursued more than the quality management, while carrying out the project. With the reflection of the above result, the research has presented the program model of Child Health Management Program for the next. The main concept of the model is, through the establishment of the network for information offerings and effective convergence of a variety of opinions for the community around the Public Health Center and for the correct evaluation of the project and the reflection of the result from it, to achieve the ultimate goal of the optimal growth and development of the childhood by expanding the support necessary for carrying out Child Health Management Program more effectively.