PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop appropriate sexual education program for children in day care centers. METHODS The data were collected from 361 day care center teachers using self-report questionnaire. RESULTS 1) The mean score of the degree of sexual education for children was high at the score of 4.18 (+/-0.43). 2) In the mean score of 3 sub-areas, 'living' area was at the highest at the point of 4.32 (+/-0.31), 'social' area was 4.28 (+/-0.46), and 'physical' area was 3.94 (+/-0.55). 3) There was significant difference in the degree of sexual education requirement according to subject's major (t=-2.586, p=.010). CONCLUSION It is necessary to include all items of sexual education for early-childhood children in day care center.
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PURPOSE This study was conducted to identify high school students' knowledge and attitude about cancer, and to examine the relation between these variables. METHODS The participants were 811 students from 8 high schools in U city. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and Duncan test with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS The score for participants' knowledge about cancer was 18.88 out of a possible 30, and their score for attitude towards cancer was 34.74 points of a possible 50. There were significant differences in knowledge about cancer according to gender, religion, school grades and worries about cancer.
The attitude towards cancer showed significant differences according to worries about cancer and family atmosphere. The health behaviors were also statistically affected by factors like whether one smoked or not, health condition and harmony of family life. There was a significant positive correlation between attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention. Attitude towards cancer and health behavior for cancer prevention showed a positive correlation with knowledge about cancer. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the development of an appropriate attitude towards cancer by high school students should lead to the practice of health behavior to prevent cancer. This development could be enhanced with structured and on-going education about cancer.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the problem behaviors perceived by mothers of pre-school age children. METHODS The participants were 211 mothers living in 3 cities in Korea. The data were collected from May to June 2009 using a self-reported questionnaire including demographic data, child rearing-attitude, and K-CBCL 1.5-5.
The data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0 version. RESULTS Factors related to the mothers' perception on problem behaviors of their preschool child were; first born child, economic status, rearing attitude and occupational status of mother. CONCLUSION According to the result of this study, mothers reporting lower economic status perceived their children with more behavioral problems. Also, compared to the second or only child, the first born children were perceived to have more problems. Further study is needed to understand the mother and child interaction among these groups to implement appropriate parent education and counseling.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to survey and examine the relationship of perceived parental rearing attitude, stress, stress-coping, and self-efficacy in middle school students. METHODS Data were collected 262 middle school students in the study. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean score for parenting attitude was 3.40 (5 scale), stress 2.36 (5 scale), stress-coping 2.12 (4 scale) and self-efficacy 2.46 (4 scale). There were a positive correlations between rearing attitude and self-efficacy (r=.141). There were a negative correlations between rearing attitude and stress (r=-.284). CONCLUSION In order to promote self-efficacy and to decrease stress in middle school students, it is necessary to develop supporting intervention to develop parental rearing attitude.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to confirm the effect of routine suctioning at a nursery for healthy newborns who have undergone immediate oronasopharyngeal bulb suctioning after birth in a delivery room through the observation of their oxygen saturation level, heart rate, respiration rate, the vomiting sign, and the number of instances of vomiting. METHODS Data were collected for 62 days from March 15 to May 15, 2009 at the nursery of a hospital located in Seoul.
One hundred forty newborns were assigned to one of three groups: a no suction group, an oropharyngeal suction group, or a orogastric suction group. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program using ANOVA, cross tabulations and an independent 2-sample t-test. RESULTS Routine suctioning to healthy newborns resulted in decreasing oxygen saturation levels and increasing the heart and respiration rate regardless of the kind of suctioning.
Stabilization of the oxygen saturation level and vital signs was also observed without suctioning. CONCLUSION To prevent healthy newborns from the side effect of suctioning, selective suctioning is recommended.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of children's behavior problems and child-rearing stress to rejective parenting attitude in mothers. METHODS Study participants were 595 mothers who had children aged 3 to 5 who attended one of 10 kindergartens or infant schools in M or B Cities. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, CBCL (Child Behavior Check List), PARQ (Parenting Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire), and PSI (Parenting Stress Index Short Form by Abidin). Regression analysis was the statistical method used for data analysis. RESULTS The factors associated with rejective parenting attitude were child-rearing stress, birth order, mother's education, the major caregiver in the family, and the type of family. These factors explained 33.7% of rejective parenting attitude. CONCLUSION The findings indicate a need to develop and provide parenting programs to reduce child-rearing stress in mothers.
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PURPOSE This study was done to develop and test a home-based discharge program. METHODS The study design was a pretest-posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design.
Participants were mothers of premature infants on oxygen therapy at home. The participants, 49 mothers, were assigned to either the experimental group (24) or control group (25).
Data collection was conducted from September, 2008 through February, 2009. Maternal confidence and anxiety were measured using a questionnaire. Chi-square test, t-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analysis the data. RESULTS Two hypotheses, "Maternal confidence in the experimental group will be higher than that of the control group" and "Perceived anxiety level in the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group", were set up and both hypotheses were supported as there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION It suggests that the discharge program developed in this study is an efficient intervention method to boost maternal confidence of the mothers with premature infants and to decrease their anxiety; therefore, this program is expected to be of use in nursing interventions.
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PURPOSE This descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of attachment security to social anxiety and depression. In addition, the mediating effect of self competency in relation to attachment security and the other variables was investigated. METHODS Data were collected from 194 students in grade 5 or 6, and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierachical multiple regression were used with SPSS/PC 12.0 program to analyze the data. The instruments used were Kerns, Klepac and Cole's Security Scale, La Greca & Stones' Revised Social Anxiety Scales for children (SASC-R), Cho and Lee's Korean form of Kovacs' children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Harter' Self-perception Profile for Children. RESULTS There were significantly negative effects between attachment security and the variables, social anxiety and depression. Also, self competency was negatively correlated with social anxiety and depression. Self competency had a significant mediating effect on the relation of social anxiety and depression to attachment security. CONCLUSION For the effective management and prevention of social anxiety and depression in school-aged children, programs including strategies to increase self competency should be developed. These programs can increase self competency which has a mediator role between attachment security and the other variables (social anxiety and depression).
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical growth and developmental status of infants and children of married immigrant women. METHODS The participants were 92 infants and children aged from birth to 6 yr whose mothers were married immigrant women living in one rural area. Physical growth and developmental status were evaluated by using anthropometric assessment, and Korean Denver II developmental screening test. RESULTS Of the participants, 10.8% were below the 3rd percentile for weight, 13.0% for length, 5.4% for head circumference, and from 69.6% to 79.3% were distributed below the 50th percentile on growth charts. Further, 18.5% were classified as having questionable development. Factors related to low physical growth in infants and children were mother's weight and mother's level in Korean language classes. CONCLUSION The physical growth and developmental status of children is vulnerable and serious. The study results suggest a need for regular growth and developmental evaluations. Political support is important for these mothers. In addition, there also is a need to develop early intervention strategies to promote growth and development of the infants and children of these married immigrant women.
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