PURPOSE This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and to investigate the relation of anger and the anger-expression type to their eating disorders. METHOD Two hundred fifty four children in elementary school were recruited from 14 to 25, April, 2008. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULT Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-in/out, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher trait anger reported higher eating disorders. Particularly trait anger and unhealthy anger expression type were linked to eating disorders. CONCLUSION This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high trait anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type and Anger-control type than low anger-expression types. Further research needs to be done with large samples and discussed in terms of the role of gender in eating disorders.
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PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of a logotherapy education program. METHODS A nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design was conducted with a convenience sample of 29 children with cancer. The experimental group (n=17) participated in the logotherapy education program which consisted of 5 daily sessions for one week. The control group (n=12) received the usual nursing care. The effects were measured using suffering, adolescent meaning in life (AMIL), and spiritual well-being (SWBS) scales. RESULTS There were significant differences in suffering (W=153.00, p< .05) and meaning in life (W=78.00, p< .05) between the experimental and control groups. However, there was no significant difference in spiritual well-being (W=136.50, p> .05). CONCLUSIONS Logotherapy was effective in reducing suffering and improving the meaning in life. Logotherapy can be utilized for adolescents with terminal cancer to prevent existential distress and improve their quality of life.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a guide book on safety education for teachers to use in education classes for elementary school students. METHODS Dick & Carey's teaching model and Keller's ARCS theory were used in the development of this guide book. RESULTS This guide book was developed for lower grade (1st~3rd) and higher grade (4th~6th) elementary school students. The content consisted of subjects, worksheets, content for teachers, statistical data, case studies, and a safety letter to the parents. The 10 subjects were as follows: Importance of injury prevention, Safety at home, Accident prevention at school, Violence prevention, Vehicles safety, Water safety, Prevention of Fires & Burns, Safety of Toys & home supplies, Safety in Sports & Recreation activity,Prevention of injury caused by animals. Statistical data was presented by graphs and case studies were presented of cases of real occurrences of accidents. Worksheets contain various activities for students. Safety letters were composed for each student's parents. CONCLUSION This guide book presents effective material for safety education classes in elementary school and the authors hope it will be widely used in elementary schools.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the behavioral responses of children with burns, and anxiety and depression in their parents. METHODS Ninety-three parents of children with burns, ages 4 to 15 years who were admitted to hospital for an acute burn agreed to participate in this study. The Child Behavior Checklist, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. RESULTS The mean scores for acute traumatic disorder, post traumatic disorder, anxiety and depression were 9.05+/-3.04, 39.59+/-8.75, 11.89+/-11.53, and 10.16+/-8.22, respectively.
There were significant relationships between depression and gender of children, education of parents, and number of family members. Child's behavioral responses were positively correlated with parents' anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The study found that the greater the behavioral responses of the children with burns, the more anxiety and depression experienced by the parents. The results indicate that psychological support must be provided for both the children with burns and their parents in conjunction with treatment of the burns.
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PURPOSE In this study a comparison was done of child-rearing attitudes of parents and problem behavior of children as perceived by parents and children. METHODS The participants were 205 fifth and sixth graders living in the city of Gangneung and their parents. The child-rearing attitudes and the problem behavior were assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS The perception scores of the parents and children for total parents child-rearing attitudes were significantly different. There were also significant difference in the subcategories, affectionate-hostile, autonomous-controlling, rational-irrational. The scores for total behaviors problem as well as the sub-categories were all significantly different for the parents and children. CONCLUSION As there were differences in perception of child-rearing attitudes of parents and problem behavior of children between parents and their children, nurses should help parents to communicate with their children with affection and respect, and to observe their environment to identify problem behavior.
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PURPOSE Fever is a common problem in children.
Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude. METHODS A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as 38.3degrees C. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses.
Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.
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PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing health risk behavior in high school students. METHODS The subjects were 512 students from 4 high schools in 3 cities. The questionnaire measured the level of self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal locus of control and health risk behaviors. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS There were significant differences in the health risk behaviors according to sex, a classification of the school, whether or not smoking of mother, whether or not live alone, level of harmonious family, level of satisfying school-life and three variables of them were significant differences by Scheffe test. There was a significant positive correlation between sub-dimension of health risk behaviors and the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control were negative correlation with health risk behaviors. The most important influential factor of the health risk behaviors was the self-efficacy. CONCLUSION From the studies reviewed, improving the self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal locus of control and the general social environment of students will probably be the most effective strategies for primary prevention of health risk behaviors.
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PURPOSE This study was done to investigate the educational needs of families of children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to compare these needs with the educational importance as perceived by nurses. METHODS The participants were 44 families of children who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 50 nurses who cared for these children. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires which included items on educational needs and the degree of educational importance.
The data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program. RESULTS The educational needs of families before and after transplantation were high, with items on disease and treatment, and direct care ranked as most important, respectively. The degree of educational importance as perceived by nurses was different from that of families. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the educational needs of families before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were different from those after the procedure. Also, the perception of educational importance was different for families compared to nurses. Therefore nursing education programs based on the educational needs of families should be provided.
PURPOSE This quasi-experimental study was conducted to identify the effects of dental health education on dental health knowledge and dental hygiene status in preschoolers. METHODS Forty-one children were recruited from two daycare centers, one of which served as the experimental group and the other as the comparative group without dental health education. Dental health education consisted of knowledge-oriented lecture and individual practice with a tooth simulator. The dental health knowledge was measured using a self-report questionnaire and dental hygiene using a dental plague index. The measurements were taken before and after the education program in the experimental group while only before the education program in comparative group. RESULTS Increases in dental health knowledge and decreases in dental plague index were observed 4 days after the education and lasted at least 8 days after the education. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that dental health care education consisting of a lecture with simulation practice can be effective in improving dental health care in preschoolers at day care center.
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PURPOSE The existing websites for premature babies are operated by non professionals and thus do not provide any medical or professional information necessary for rearing premature babies. The purpose is to construct a new website with lots of medical and professional tips for premature babies. METHODS First, topics of discussions are collected from the bulletin boards of three websites, operated by non professionals, for premature babies. And new website for premature babies is constructed based on the identified topics and also based on professional consultation with six professors. RESULTS The newly constructed website provides professional tips for the above topics as well as introduction of it's object, general medical information and baby rearing information and the bulletin board for parents of premature babies. CONCLUSION By providing professional tips for mothers of premature babies, the new website is expected to provide detailed, accurate and professional information on issues most parents of premature babies concern.
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PURPOSE This study was done to evaluate depression in child cancer survivors. METHODS The participants in this descriptive research were 103 adolescents who agreed to participate. All of the adolescents were diagnosed as completely cured but remained under follow-up observation as outpatients. A structured questionnaire including the depression scale developed by Shin et al. (1991), a self-esteem scale developed by Rosenberg (1965) and a social support scale developed by Kim & Park (1999), Lee (1997) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS The mean scores were, for self-esteem, 36.01, for paternal support, 57.21, for maternal support, 59.98, for peer support, 22.19, for teachers support, 21.07 and for depression, 27.95. Scores for depression were significantly different according to academic achievement, satisfaction with appearances, diagnosis and prognosis. Depression was negatively correlated with self-esteem, paternal support, maternal support, peer support, and teachers support.
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PURPOSE The purpose of study was to identify the influence of parenting efficacy on health promotion behavior during early childhood and to provide baseline data for developing health promotion programs. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional survey research study. The participants were 202 parents of children in early childhood selected by convenience sampling. From October 1 to October 8, 2008 data were collected using structured and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS The mean score for parenting efficacy for these parents was 3.54, and health promotion behavior had a mean score of 3.21. The health promotion behavior was statistically different according to the child's health status, fathers' smoking habits, and mothers' eating habits.
Parenting efficacy (17%) was the best predictor, followed by child's health status in early childhood (2%), and mothers' eating habits (1%) which together explained 20% of the variance in health promotion behavior during early childhood. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that parenting efficacy of parents is an important factor for enhancing health promotion behavior in early childhood. Therefore, health professionals must establish strategies to improve the parenting efficacy of parents in order to promote health promotion behavior for children in early childhood.
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