PURPOSE
This descriptive correlation study was designed to examine the relationship of inferiority to depression and psychosomatic symptoms in female adolescents. In addition, this study investigated the mediating effect of perceived entrapment in relation to inferiority and other variables.
METHOD
Data were collected from 526 female high school students. Self-report questionnaires, which were constructed to include demographic factors, inferiority, perceived entrapment, depression and psychosomatic symptoms, were used for data collection.
RESULTS
Students with high inferiority showed significantly higher perceived entrapment, depression and psychosomatic symptoms. There were significant positive correlations among the variables. Perceived entrapment had a significant mediating effect in relation to inferiority, depression and psychosomatic symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Further study is necessary to develop effective nursing interventions for managing inferiority and perceived entrapment in this population.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an education program on health promotion behavior for students with hearing impairments.
METHOD
For this study a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The three components of the study were: 1) the recognition of the importance of health promotion behavior, 2) formation of supportive networks, and 3) practice of health promotion behavior. The study population consisted of 38 students with hearing impairments (experimental group [19], control group [19]). The program was provided to students in the experimental group for 50-120 minutes, once a week for 3 weeks. Descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
Perceived social support and health promotion behavior, but not self efficacy, were significantly different between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
The result of this study indicate that this education program for health promotion behavior was effective for promoting perceived social support and health promotion behavior in students with hearing impairments, but further continuous research is needed to identify effective interventions to promote health behavior in students with hearing impairments and to allow for generalization of the results of this study.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in eating disorders and in several risk factors; body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, self-esteem, and depression.
METHOD
The data were collected from 423 students in grades 5 or 6 (230 male and 193 female) in this cross-sectional study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression were used with the SPSS/PC ver 12.0 program.
RESULTS
Girls experienced more symptoms of eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, and depression than boys. There were also gender differences in risk factors. For girls, depression, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and body dissatisfaction were related to eating disorder behaviors, whereas for boys, depression, self-oriented perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem were related to eating disorder behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study indicate that risk factors for eating disorders for boys and girls may be different, and these differences have implications for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and should be considered in planning possible nursing interventions.

PURPOSE
S: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief and Maternal-Fetal Interaction, and to define their correlation.
METHOD
Data were collected from 273 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OB/GY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief scale(MFIBS) and maternal-fetal interaction.
RESULTS
The mean scores for maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction were 107.41+/-15.67 and 31.75+/-5.92 respectively. For maternal-fetal interaction belief, there were significant differences according to education, religion, income, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, and husband's love. For maternal-fetal interaction, there were significant differences according to mother's age, period of pregnancy, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a correlation between maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction.
CONCLUSION
Maternal-fetal interaction belief is related to increase in maternal-fetal interaction and fetal development. It is essential to develop a maternal-fetal interaction program that includes maternal-fetal interaction belief.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a psychomotorik program on the self concept, sociability and aggression in preschoolers.
METHOD
The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. There were 34 subjects in the experimental group and 34 in control group among 68 preschoolers in a nursery in the city of G. The experimental group received an 12 weeks psychomotorik. The out come variables were measured before and after the program. Collected data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, chi-square-test, repeated measures ANOVA & ANCOVA using the SPSS 15.0 program.
RESULT
After psychomotorik program, self concept, sociability were increased and aggression decreased in the experimental group.
CONCLUSION
Psychomotorik program was effective in increasing self concept and sociability and decreasing aggression. The program should be effective in psychological development of preshoolers.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify predictors of behavior that promotes health in middle school students.
METHOD
The participants for this study were 361 students from one middle school, located in Gangwon province. The data were collected by a questionnaire given to the students. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The highest score for behavior promoting health was refraining illegal substances abuse. There was a significant positive correlation between behavior promoting health and optimism. There was a significant reverse correlation between behavior promoting health and pessimism, and also between optimism and pessimism. The predictors of behavior promoting health in middle school students were optimism, school life, pessimism, school record, grade, and smoking. These factors explained 25.7% of the total variance and the most powerful predictor was optimism (15.5%).
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study, indicate a need to develop a nursing intervention programs to promote health behavior in middle school students including the promotion of optimism.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the level of quality of family life, parental locus of control, and parental sense of competence, and to elucidate factors that influence family quality of life in the mothers of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD).
METHOD
A convenient sample of mothers from 6 child psychiatric clinics was used in this cross-sectional survey design. Questionnaires used for data collection included the following scales: Family Quality of Life, Parental Locus of Control-Short Form Revised, Parental Sense of Competence.
RESULTS
The level of family quality of life was mid-range. A positive relationship was found between Family Quality of Life and the research variables. The significant predictors of family quality of life were parental locus of control, parental sense of competence, and duration of medication and these variables accounted for 21.8% of the variance in family quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that family quality of life is an important factor which health care provider should assess and evaluate for children with ADHD and their families. The results of this study suggest that family quality of life is an important link with parental sense of competence and parental locus of control.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parent- adolescent communication on self-concept and problem behavior of adolescents.
METHOD
The participants in this study were 480 students from middle schools in Daejeon City. Data were collected from May 19 to 30, 2008 and analyzed using SPSS WIN 14.0 version.
RESULT
The mean scores for communication with fathers and mothers were 2.98 and 3.35 respectively and for self-concept, 2.80. The highest reported percentage for problem behavior over the past year were going to the noraebang (Karoki) or videobang (PC Cafe) (78.6%). Significant differences were found for the influence of parent-adolescent communication on self-concept and problem behavior. Communication with fathers and with mothers was positive correlated (r=.365, p<.001). The difference in self-concept for communication with fathers was F=60.40, p<.001, and with mothers, F=51.74, p<.001 and for problem behavior, for communication with fathers, F=3.33, p<.05, and with mothers, F=10.05, p<.001. For self-concept and communication with fathers the correlation was r=.512, p<.001, with mothers, r=.453, p<.001 There was a negative correlation between self-concept and problem behavior(r=-.248, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
This results suggest that practical parent-adolescent communication programs should be developed and applied to bolster communication of adolescents with their parents.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of ego-resilience, stress coping styles and disposition to delinquency in middle school students.
METHOD
The data were collected from October 15 to October 30, 2005. The subjects were 223 middle school students in 2nd grade in G city. To determine the most effective variable of ego-resilience to stress coping styles and disposition to delinquency, the dada were analyzed using Canonical correlation with SAS 9.1 TS, and Pearson's correlation with percentages, means, standard deviations with SPSS 14.0 K.
RESULT
Ego-resilience showed a significant positive correlation with active coping styles and a significant negative correlation with passive coping styles, and disposition to delinquency. Canonical correlation analysis of 5 sub-domains of ego-resilience showed that curiosity made the highest contribution to predicting stress coping styles and vitality made the highest contribution in predicting disposition to delinquency in middle school students.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that the development of ego-resilience for adolescents is important to improve stress coping strategies and decrease delinquency. Therefore, to increase ego-resilience, Stress Coping Programs should include curiosity and Delinquency Intervention Programs should include vitality.