PURPOSE
This study was done to examine the experience of school health instructors in applying complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM).
METHOD
The participants were 215 health instructors working in elementary schools in Busan. Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2004 to Mar. 10, 2005 and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0.
RESULTS
Most of the health instructors had knowledge about CAM. Among the various CAM methods, acupuncture was the most widely known at 78.6%. While 53.5% had no experience in CAM education, 46.5% had been trained. Slightly over half (52.1%) had used CAM at school and based their decision on personal experience. As to applicability of CAM at school, 72.1% thought CAM was applicable, and 78.7% of this group considered alleviation of symptoms and assistance in the treatment process as the reasons for their answer. There were significant differences in responses as to the applicability of CAM according to age (p=.002), work experience (p=.004) and educational background (p=.002).
CONCLUSIONS
The above results suggest that there is a need to develop a professional education program on complimentary and alternative medicine to assist school health instructorsto plan nursing interventions using CAM which are individualized and practical

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop an effective obesity management program for elementary school children, based on the motivation theory.
METHOD
This study was a methodological study. A child obesity management program, based on the motivation theory was developed, a web site was made and children with obesity participated in the internet program. After the children finished the program, they evaluated the clinical validity of the program. The clinical validity was tested from Jun 12 to 16, 2006. The participants were 6 students. The evaluation tool was Keller's IMMS(Instructional Material Motivation Survey). Data were evaluated using means+/-SD for four major components A,R,C,S (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), based on ARCS in the motivation theory.
RESULTS
The program developed in this study was named 'ARCS children obesity escape', and the URL is 'http://www.119kid.co.kr'. Regarding the four components of ARCS, the overall reaction of participants showed that they were very highly motivated by this program.
CONCLUSION
Utilizing the ARCS motivation strategies for solving obesity problems for children is an effective method to motivate the management of obesity, and can increase achievement motivation, attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction with the management of obesity. Thus, the program developed in this study is expected to reduce obesity in children, and become an important guide for obesity management and health improvement for children.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief Scale (MFIBS).
METHOD
The research design was a methodological study. The items generated for this scale were drawn from a comprehensive literature review. Content validity was established for the MFIBS. The 26-item scale was developed to measure the construct of the MFIBS during pregnancy and tested on 186 pregnant women.
RESULTS
The final tool consist of 20 items which were sorted into 6 factors by factor analysis. The factors were identified as 'influence of pregnancy (5 items)', 'ability of fetus (3 items)', 'maternal-fetal interaction behavior (3 items)', 'practice of taegyo (3 items)', 'ability of infant (3 items)', and 'taemong (3 items)'. The six factors explained 62.37% of the total variance in the MFIBS. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60-.85 Guttman split-half coefficient was .66.
CONCLUSIONS
This scale proves to be a effective, useful tool and suitable in Korean women for measuring the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief. Future studies are required for further refinement of the scale.

PURPOSE
This study was done to verify the effects of information using photographs on preoperative anxiety of children and their parents.
METHODS
Participants were 48 hospitalized children and their parents (48 pairs). In the experiment group (18 pairs) photographs were used with the children and parents to provide information before the child underwent an operation. Children and parents in control group (30 pairs) received regular care. Anxiety of children and their parents was measured using both a self-report and physiologic responses (heart rate and blood pressure). The data were analyzed using the SAS program.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, self-reports of the experimental group indicated a significant difference in subjective anxiety. However, there was no decrease in physiologic anxiety as shown by heart rate and blood pressure in those in the experimental group as compared to the control group.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative information using photographs were shown to be an effective method to reduce anxiety of children and their parents.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of EP-IGAP(Internet Game Addiction Prevention Educational Program) on increasing the self-control and decreasing the time spent on internet games.
METHOD
The research design was a quasi-experiment, repeated measures design with non-equivalent control group. Participants in this study were 269 elementary school students of elementary school(134 for the experimental group, 135 for the control group). The instruments used in this study were the Self-control of Internet Game Scale and Time spent on internet games per week. The experimental group participated in the EP-IGAP for 6 weeks.
RESULTS
After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in self-control related to internet games. But, there was no statistical difference in the time spent on internet games between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that EP-IGAP is effective in increasing the self-control related to internet games in elementary school students. Further research is needed to modify the EP-IGAP.

PURPOSE
The father's role performance in this study was identified as the correlation between self-confidence and satisfaction with parenting role by husbands of primiparous.
METHODS
Participants were recruited at a professional obstetric and gynecologic hospital in Seoul. For use in this study, the tool by Lederman et al. was modified to incorporate father's self-confidence and satisfaction with role performance. Percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were used to analyze the data with the SPSS WIN 11.0m program.
RESULTS
The mean score for self-confidence in father's role performance was 35.19 and satisfaction in father's role performance was 45.13. General characteristic significantly related to father's role performance were marriage satisfaction and type of delivery. Also marriage satisfaction and religion were related to satisfaction with role performance in this study. There was a positive correlation between degree of self-confidence and degree of satisfaction in father's role performance.
CONCLUSIONS
The degree of satisfaction in father's role performance was positively related to self-confidence. So, nursing interventions to improve father's role performance may lead to improvement in father's self-confidence and satisfaction with role performance. Further research is needed to exam causality.

PURPOSE
To investigate the effect of nonnutritive sucking(NNS) on the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and behavioral state of premature infants.
METHOD
From December 15, 2004 to February 15, 2005, 20 premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units were assigned to an experimental group (10), or a control group (10). Circular pacifiers for premature infants (Johnson, U.S.A.), which had been packed with 2 x 2 gauzes to create a vacuum, were used for 5 minutes, one hour after feeding for 5 days. Heart rates and oxygen saturation were checked every minute for 10 minutes once a day and behavioral states were monitored through video recording at the same time.
RESULTS
Changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation and behavioral state were found to show significant differences between the experimental group and the control group according to the point in time, and interactions were found between the group and the point of time. However, for behavioral state, no significant difference was found between the experimental group and the control group after the NNS was removed.
CONCLUSION
From the results of this study it is possible to conclude that NNS is a positive intervention to bring about increased oxygen saturation and soothed behavioral state for premature infants.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a MOL instrument for school-age children in grades 4 through 6.
METHOD
The research design was a methodological study. A four-phase design involved. 1) Interview data generated from professors, nurses, and elementary school students (n=8). 2) Content validation by expert panel (n=14) 3) Initial items corrected by elementary school students (n=20) 4) Instrument validation by survey (n=574). Finally, 24 items were chosen as a meaning of life scale for late school-age children.
RESULTS
The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 24 items was .893 indicated a high internal consistency of the instrument, 2) Through factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted. These factors were labeled as 'relational experience', 'positive attitude', 'satisfaction/ hope', 'pursuit of goal', and experience of family love. These factors explained 52.311% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
The MOL scale for late school-age children can be used in nursing programs to improve the meaning of life. Studies on difference in meaning of life for late school-age children are needed for reverification.

PURPOSE
Because it is important to prevent adolescents from becoming involved in smoking, this study was done to explore important factors influencing cigarette use and the increase in smoking frequency.
METHOD
For this study the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) was analyzed. Because the KYPS is longitudinal, a fixed effect regression method was used to control for the effects of time-independent factors. More specifically, a logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting cigarette use, and a Poisson regression was used to explore smoking frequency.
RESULT
As the adolescents got older, the number of male adolescents who tried smoking increased, while the number of female adolescents who tried smoking decreased. Also, the frequency of cigarette use among male and female smokers increased over time. Significant factors affecting cigarette use were friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, and loneliness at schools. Important factors affecting the increase in smoking frequency were grade (e.g., the 2nd- and 3rd-year of middle school), friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, monthly pocket money, expectation for the highest level of education, and attack tendency.
CONCLUSIONS
To solve the problems linked to adolescent smoking, it is critical to develop intervention programs that target specific homogeneous subgroups of smokers, and that take into consideration gender difference in smoking and factors affecting levels of smoking behavior.

PURPOSE
This study was done to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of working women raising children.
METHOD
Data were collected from 10 employed women with children who were under 2 years of age. The analysis of the data was done using the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Colaizzi (1978).
RESULTS
In this study, 6 essential themes were extracted: 'knowing by intuition child-rearing is difficult', 'having guilt-conscious of not being able to perform duties as a mother', 'hard work of maintaining two jobs', 'Lost self', 'realizing that one has become amother', 'thirsting for a social support system'.
CONCLUSION
With a rapidly increasing number of working women, the significance of this study in the field of nursing is in understanding the child-rearing experience of working women. The findings indicate the need for a systemic and emotional support system for working women raising children.

PURPOSE
This study was done to identify risk factors influencing high school students to runaway from home. A comprehensive analysis of individual, family and social environment-related factors was done.
METHOD
The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 974 students enrolled in high school who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collected in June and July, 2003 were put in to logistic regression analysis to build a prediction model.
RESULTS
1) Individual- related factors for running away in high school students were experience with smoking and sexual intercourse. 2) Family- related factors for running away in high school students were economic status and physically ill-treatment of the types of ill-treatment. 3) social environment- related factors for running away in high school students were number of delinquent friends.
CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Running away from home among Korean high school students was associated not only with individual factors, but also with family and social environmental factors. The findings of study suggest that board intervention programs should be provided to prevent running away form home by adolescent. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with follow up study to verify the model.

PURPOSE
This study was to done to develop a nursing intervention, Meridian massage and to investigate its effects on the infants' growth and sleep of infants and on role confidence and sensitivity in their mothers.
METHOD
This study used a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized quasi experimental. Infants and mothers from Y health center were assigned to an experimental group (17) and control group (14). Meridian massage was given to infants by their mothers. Data were collected from August 11, 2005 to February 24, 2006. Infants in the experimental group had Meridian massage for 15 min per time, three times a week for 3 weeks.
RESULT
Regarding growth, infants in the experimental group showed a statistical significant increase in weight and height compared to those in the control group. Sleeping well was also significant for infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group. There was no signifiant difference in confidence in mothering role between the two groups. Sensitivity for the mothering role was significantly higher for mothers of infants in the experimental group compare to those in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant growth and maternal-infant interaction.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to survey and examine the relationship of family strengths, family function, ego-identity and depression in adolescence in Busan, and to provide basic data for a health promoting intervention to improve their family health.
METHOD
Data were collected from four colleges in Busan and, 680 students were enrolled in the study. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA with Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The mean score for family strengths was 3.58, family function 4.31, ego-identity 55.4 and depression 17.9. The scores for family strengths differed significantly according to subjective social economic state and father's job, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. The scores for family function differed significantly according to parent's religion, parent's marital status and subjective social economic state. The scores for ego-identity differed according to mother's education level, parent's religion, parent's marital status and family composition. There were a positive correlations between family strengths and family function, between family strengths and ego-identity, between family function and ego-identity. There were negative correlations between family strengths and depression, between family function and depression, between ego-identity and depression.
CONCLUSION
In order to promote ego-identity and to decrease depression in adolescence, it is necessary to develop supporting interventions to develop family strengths.