PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the level stress in rearing children and quality of life of mothers of children with disabilities and to identify the relationship between stress of rearing these children and quality of life of the mothers.
METHOD
A descriptive, correlational study design was used. The participants in this study were 225 mothers of children with disabilities. With SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
1) The mean score for maternal stress in rearing children with disabilities was 3.46, and for quality of life, 2.80. 2) Stress in rearing these children had a negative correlation with quality of life (r=-.761, p=.000). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that intervention programs to decrease the stress of rearing these children and increase the quality of life should be offered to mothers of children with disabilities.

PURPOSE
This investigation examined a model to predict body mass index in order to prevent later development of obesity among adolescents. The hypothesized model was developed based on the principle of Social Cognitive Theory that social influences predict perceptions of cognition as well as behavior.
METHOD
The 5,770 adolescents, aged 14-18 who participated in this study came from 11 separate school districts in Busan and Kyungnam province of South Korea. The adolescent surveys were administered in a group setting at the participating school. Of the 5770 surveys, adolescents with more than 10 percent missing data in the entire survey were excluded. The final sample contained 4,527 cases. The adolescents were included 2,250 (49.7%) males and 2,277 (50.3%) females. Data was analyzed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS 12 program and structural equation model (SEM) using Maximum Likelihood estimation was employed using Amos 5.0.
RESULTS
Social support directly affects cognitive determinants. Cognitive determinants directly affect behavior determinants which directly affect BMI. Cognitive and behavioral factors mediated the relationship between social support and BMI (GFI= 0.984, CFI= 0.974, RMSEA=0.031).
CONCLUSION
Social levels should be supportive to help adolescents have healthier behaviors. This support can be accomplished by providing frequent support to establish positive cognitive factors as the foundation of the solution to prevent overweight and obesity.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess degree of health promotion behavior for infants & toddlers.
METHOD
The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire that was given to 20 mothers of infants & toddlers second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a test with a sample of 262 families.
RESULTS
The final tool to measure the health promotion behavior consisted of 35 items and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .884. Using factor analysis, a 7 factor solution explained 45.6% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
This tool can be effectively utilized for child health care.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of multimodal sensory stimulation on growth and mother-infant interaction in infants with low birth weight (LBW).
METHOD
A non-equivalent control group time-series study design was used. The participants were 38 LBW infants and their mothers (19 in the intervention group and 19 in the control group). The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004. For the mothers in the intervention group, this researcher instructed mothers in the multimodal sensory stimulation therapy, in turn the mothers used these techniques on their infants once a day during the 4-week research period. The researcher measured weight, length, and head circumference of the LBW infants once a week for 4 weeks and made a film of the mother playing with the infant for 5 minutes in the last week of the research period.
RESULTS
Compared to the control group, LBW infants in the intervention group showed significant increases in weekly weight gain (F=3.82, p=.012) and had significantly higher scores for mother-infant interaction (t=3.93, p < .000).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that multimodal sensory stimulation therapy can be used to increase the growth of LBW infants and improve mother-infant interaction.

PURPOSE
To investigate the actual conditions of health care management in child day care centers and parents needs for a Center-based Child Care Health Program.
METHODS
Study design was cross-sectional descriptive study. 937 parents from 33 day care centers in Seoul completed a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS
73.0% of the parents experienced sick events with their child at least once or more every 1-3months. These events resulted in 35.2% of the parents having to leave work early or to be absent from their jobs. 30.4% were asked to drive a sick child from the child day care centers to their home. Most parents (76.7%) agreed on the need for a Center-based Child Care Health Program (CCCHP), and expected general health & illness management, and growth & development evaluation from the CCCHP.
CONCLUSION
These results show that there is a great demand for Center-based Child Care Health Program. They suggest that there is an urgent need to develop CCCHPs to promote children's health and to support parents. Also the results of this study can be utilized as a basis for the establishment of a childcare policy in Korea.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to look for physical growth and developmental retardation of the disabled children in registered educational institutions.
METHOD
The participants in this study were 103 children. The data was collected from January to September 2006. Body weight, height and head circumference were measured and the Denver II developmental screening tool was used to measure personal-social development.
RESULTS
For 40.8% of the children body weight was less than the average for Korean children of the same age, for 49.5% height was lower than average and for 44.7% head circumference was lower. For 84.5% of the children there was a delay in personal-social development, for 87.4% a delay in fine motor-adaptive development, for 80.6% a delay in speech development and for 81.6% a delay in gross motor development.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop an individual developmental programs for these children based on their growth and development status.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a discharge education program on maternal role confidence and parenting stress of mothers who delivered premature infants. The program provided them with information on childrearing and supportive educational nursing care.
METHOD
This study was based on pretest- posttest nonequivalent nonsynchronized quasi-experimental design. The participants in this study were 30 mothers who delivered premature infants at a general hospital in G city. The instruments used in this study were Maternity Confidence Inventory, Parenting Stress Index(PSI).
RESULTS
The first hypothesis that the mothers in the experimental group would undergo changes in maternal role confidence after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=9.386, P=.000). The second hypothesis that mothers in the experimental group would undergo change in parenting stress after the intervention was accepted, as there was a statistically significant gap between the two groups(F=4.425, P=.380). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the Discharge Education Program was an efficient intervention method to boost the maternal confidence of mothers with premature infants and to decrease their parenting stress.

PURPOSE
This study was done to evaluate the effects of distraction using balloon art on pain experienced by preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. METHODS: Participants were 40 hospitalized preschool children. Children in the experimental group (20) were distracted by balloon art while undergoing an intravenous injection. Children in the control group (20) received regular care. Pain experienced by the children was measured using self-report, observation tools, heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the SAS program.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, children in the experimental group showed significant difference in pain as shown by pulse rate. However, children in the experimental group did not show a decrease in pain in the self-report or behavior observation when compared with children in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Distraction using balloon art can be used to reduce pain for preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Further nursing interventions need to be developed and provided to preschool children when undergoing painful procedures.

PURPOSE
As a result of dramatic advances in the medical and surgical management of congenital heart disease (CHD), many babies born with cardiac anomalies today can expect to reach adulthood. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting stress and personal resources of mothers of children with CHD.
METHOD
Fifty-one mothers of children with CHD were recruited at the pediatric cardiac outpatient clinic from July 14th to September 25th 2006. Abidin's parenting stress index/short form (PSI/SF) and Brandt and Weinert's personal resource questionnaire (PRQ) were used. PSI has 3 sub-concepts; parental role distress, dysfunctional parent-child interaction, and difficult child. PRQ has 4 sub-concepts; intimacy, social integration, worth, and assistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 version.
RESULTS
Correlation analysis showed that parenting stress was significantly related to 'intimacy', 'social integration', and 'worth' of mothers. Multiple regression analysis showed that parenting stress was significantly related to personal resource of mother and information by internet.
CONCLUSION
Mothers who felt they had supportive friends and family, high self esteem, and social integration reported lower parenting stress. Also, internet may be an effective method to provide information and share experience for mothers of children with CHD.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the degree of Internet addiction and factors influencing this addiction among high school students in Korea.
METHOD
A total of 405 high school students in the Gyeoung-gi, Daegu and Gyeoung-buk areas were surveyed using questionnaires for data collection.
RESULTS
Internet addiction among high school students in Korea was relatively low. In the overall ratio distribution, however, the students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of addiction accounted for a high percentage of the students, 31.1%. Positive or negative relationships were found between internet addiction and the research variables but multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction was depression.
CONCLUSION
Using the above results, it is necessary to develop Internet addiction prevention programs for adolescents. There should be a more comprehensive study in the future for an in-depth understanding of internet addiction of adolescents.

PURPOSE
To evaluate the effects of abdominal meridian massage either with the use of aroma oils or without using the oils for the relief of constipation in institutionalized children with cerebral palsy.
METHOD
Using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 40 children were randomly assigned to experimental (n=21) and control (n=19) groups. The experimental group received abdominal meridian massage with mixture of aroma oils, and the control group received abdominal meridian massage only. Prior to the intervention, baseline data were collected, and then abdominal meridian massage with or without aroma oils were given to both groups every morning for 15 minutes a day, six days a week, for 2 weeks. Outcome measures were number of bowel movements, amount of stool (gm), and frequency of laxatives, suppositories or enema. Using SPSS/Win 12.0 program, data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
Children in the experimental group defecated a larger volume of stool, and used fewer laxatives than those in the control group. The treatment effects lasted for 1 week after treatment.
CONCLUSION
Abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils appears to be an effective adjunct maneuver in relieving constipation among institutionalized children with cerebral palsy.