PURPOSE The purpose of study was to describe and evaluate the educational status regarding clinical practicum for child health nursing to facilitate student's clinical compliance for the bachelor's degree in Korea. Methods: The study was a descriptive study and included data from 40 institutions among the 53 university nursing programs in Korea(75.5% response rate). Data were collected using mailed semi structured questionnaires and content analysis was done. RESULTS Findings show that most institutions have common learning objectives for the clinical practicum; neonatal care, high risk infant care, hospitalized child care, and advanced nursing practice. The mode for theoretical credits in child health nursing was 5 to 6 and 3 to 4 credits for clinical practice. The practice settings were prepared to provide diverse experiences, including childcare centers, and community centers with various learning activities.
Evaluation for learning outcomes included faculty and instructors. It was pointed out that updating evaluation based on student and faculty feedback is important for a comprehensive practicum evaluation. Conclusions: Findings suggest that there is a -need for a generalized curriculum for clinical practicum and for the expanding role of advanced nursing practice-, a need for diverse clinical settings for practice, and effective guidance and learning activities. It is significantly noted that the attitude and teaching methodologies of clinical instructor's are highly important to effective clinical learning outcomes.
PURPOSE This study was done to define nursing behavior in neonatal intensive care units so as to estimate resource-based relative value-. METHOD Participating in this study were 292 nurses in neonatal intensive care units. The study surveyed physical and mental labor, stress and time involved in nursing work.
Tool used in this study was a nursing labor per relative value tool. For analyzes, the relative value of each nursing behavior was calculated, where the mean value of the three components, labor intensity and component-by-component explanatory power were in percentage terms. RESULTS 1. Nursing behaviors in neonatal intensive care unit were classified and defined at three levels: 5 main domains, 17 mid-domains, and 42 small domains. 2. The per component explanatory power of intensity involved in nursing labor showed physical effort to be 32.45%, mental 32.86%, and stress 34.69%. 3. The reliability of nursing labor factors was very strong, Cronbach's alpha value of 0.96. CONCLUSION In this research, which is a first in defining nursing behavior in neonatal intensive care units, individual nursing behavior were broken down using resource-based relative value for nursing cost, and each nursing behavior was successfully translated to a numerical value.
PURPOSE To investigate the health problems and health services in child day care centers. Methods: Data were collected from 115 teachers at 16 child day care centers in Seoul city. A questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed with the SPSS 12.0 program. RESULTS Most teachers had experienced various child health problems such as colds, hand?foot?mouth diseases, chicken pox, skin injuries, nasal bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea.
Furthermore, they even experienced some serious ones including dysentery, measles, asthma and seizures, which demand professional skill. However, there were no registered nurses and most teachers requested that parents take a child home when these health problems happened. Only 31.3% of the child care centers had a teacher with CPR training.
Approximately half of the centers kept child health records which included reports on allergic substances, and medical history but only 18.7% of the child care centers offered regular immunizations for the children. CONCLUSION Various health problems were found in child day care centers. To maintain the children's health, there is a need to develop and make provisions for health services and programs in child day care centers.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of internet addiction and factors affecting internet addiction in elementary school students. METHOD The participants in this study were 1,328 students in 4, 5 or 6 grades of elementary school. They were recruited from two elementary schools. Data collection was conducted using of 6 questionnaires that were modified by the investigator. The data were analyzed with the SPSS win 10.0 program using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS 1) The mean of total item score for internet addiction was 2.1, which was slightly low. Of respondents in this research 48.4% normally use the internet, while 48.5% addictively use the internet and as high as 3.1% were serious internet-addicted. 2) There was a significant correlation between internet addiction, self-esteem, aggression, impulsivity, parent's support and friend's support(gamma= -.15 ~ .44). 3) Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that amount of time spent on the internet per day, impulsivity, aggression, gender, self-esteem, duration to use of internet, father's age, and the major place where the internet was used were the predictors of internet addiction and accounted for 47% of the variance in internet addiction. CONCLUSION Time spend on the internet per day, impulsivity, aggression, gender, self-esteem, duration to use of internet, father's age, the major place where the internet was used accounted for internet addiction in elementary school students. Therefore it is necessary to develop nursing interventions and to further identify the depth of the relationship of the related factors in order to decrease internet addiction.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the health education needs of mothers who are nurturing children with disabilities. METHOD A descriptive study was done and the participants were 108 mothers of children with disabilities such being mentally challenged, developmentally delayed or having a disability involving brain damage. The questionnaire was a health education need assessment with 11 categories(58 items) developed by Han et al. The data were analyzed using SPSS program. RESULTS The mean score for health education needs of the mothers of children with disabilities was 3.83 (SD=0.58) out of a maximum 5. The health education need for acquisition of knowledge and information had the highest score (4.40+/-0.54) followed by health education needs for cognitive development and learning (4.31+/-0.64), interpersonal relationships (4.04+/-0.65) and behavior and emotion (4.04+/-0.79). There were significant differences between the children's sex (t=2.08, p=.04), birth order (t=2.17, p=.03), grade of disability (F=3.32, p=.02) and sex education suitable to the child's in age. CONCLUSION The health education needs of mothers of children who are disabled were very high and varied.
Therefore, it was important to develop comprehensive education programs which include this content and provide opportunities for mothers of children with disabilities to receive this education.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to analyze web sites that provide child-care information and to provide a proper model for child-care web sites. METHOD The evaluation tool with 23 items including purpose, contents, timeliness and reliability, interaction, and function was developed and modified. Quantitative analyses of 48 web sites, which were selected using popular search engines, were done. Result: 1) The aim of the web site was clearly shown for 24 sites (63.2%) and 17 sites (44.7%) provided the information for judging whether the informant was an expert. 2) Most web sites provided information on feeding, nutrition, and common health problems, and 11 sites provided information on care of problem behavior, but only 6 sites provided information on mother-infant interaction. 3) Timely information was provided on 21 sites, however none of the sites provided information sources. 4) Methods for contact the authors were found for 31 sites (81.6%) and 19 sites (50%) had active bulletin boards to receive opinions from users. 5) There were 32 sites where information could be found by clicking less than 3 times. CONCLUSION We suggest that the evaluation criteria for child-care web sites used in this study is a tool that can be used to evaluate web sites with consistency, but there is a need for further study to develop standardization of the evaluating tool.
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in Korean child-rearing practices between the generations of young mothers and grandmothers. METHOD The participants were 98 mothers who were 20 to 39 years old and had raised one-year-old child and 103 grandmothers who were over 60 years old and had raised their children in a small city. Data were collected through self-report questionnaire based on the Korean traditional child-rearing practice from Yoo(1986). The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULTS Of 37 items in the categories of feeding and weaning, health management and taboo matters, play, and baby celebrations, the grandmothers practiced 13 items (35%) more frequently than the young mothers. However, no generation differences were found in 21 items (57%), and 3 items were practiced more frequently by the young mothers. For the young mothers, there were 15 items (41%) which were practiced over 70%, 7 items (19%) which were practiced less than 30%. CONCLUSION It seems that some Korean traditional child-rearing practices were transferred to modern child-rearing practices. Therefore pediatric nurses need to pay attention to traditional child-rearing practices for the best health, growth and development of children.
PURPOSE This study was done to verify the effect of roller acupuncture stimulation on baesu spots of joktaeyang bangkwang kyeong in the reaction to physiologic pain(heart rate, percutaneous oxygen saturation, respiration rate) in neonates. METHOD This study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants were 40 normal neonates who were born at a hospital in Busan. These neonates were undergoing heel puncture for blood type tests.
The neonates were divided into 2 groups: 20 in the experimental group who were stimulated with roller acupuncture before the heel puncture and 20 neonates in the control group who were not stimulated. The heart rate and percutaneous oxygen saturation were measured using a cardiopulmonary monitor and the respiration rate was measured directly. The data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 program using chi2-test, t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA. RESULTS There was a significant difference (F=3.287, p=.043) for heart rate on the interaction between time and group. There was a significant difference (F=5.122, p=.008) for percutaneous oxygen saturation on the interaction between time and group. CONCLUSION On the basis of results, it was verified that the roller acupuncture stimulation on baesu spots of joktaeyang bangkwang kyeong had effect of relieving pain in the neonates.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of music therapy as auditory stimulus on the heart rate and behavioral state of premature infants. METHOD The study design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Forty premature infants who were admitted at NICU were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from April 20 to July 31, 2003 and analysed using Wilcoxon rank sum test and ANCOVA. Infants in experimental group were given music therapy for 20 minutes daily in 7 days at the average level of 56dB. RESULTS The first hypothesis that 'Infants in the experimental group will be lower in heart rate than those in the control group' was rejected(F= .05, p= .816). The 2nd hypothesis that 'Infants in the experimental group will be lower in behavioral state score than those in the control group, was supported(F=7.40, p= .010). CONCLUSION The music therapy in this study was an effective nursing intervention in decreasing the heart rate and behavioral state score of premature infants.
PURPOSE This study was done to examine the understanding of becoming a parent held by women college students, and to examine correlations between motivation to become a parent and perception of parents' role. METHOD The participants in the study were 220 women college students of K Women's College in Incheon. Data were collected from July to November, 2004 and the method was self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include understanding of parenthood, motivation to become a parent, perception of parents' role. Result: 1) In this study, 78.2% of women collage students responded they have marriage plans and 76.6% of the students responded they will have children.
2) Scores for motivation to become a parent and perception of parents' role by female college students were 44.5 and point 56.9 respectively. 3) Examination of the correlation of motivation to become a parent and perception of parents' role showed that there was a medium level of correlation and it was statistically significant. CONCLUSION These result indicate that interventions towards improvement in understanding of motivation to become a parent should be provided for adolescents and early adult.
PURPOSE This study was done to evaluate the effects of Yoga exercise on improvements in physical flexibility, posture management behavior, and self-efficacy in adolescents. METHOD In this study, the design was a quasi-experimental research design with a one group pretest-posttest design.
Participants were 32 students from one high school in Busan Metropolitan City, Korea, who did not engage in regular aerobic exercise and were willing to participate in this study. Yoga exercise was conducted for 70 minutes twice a week for 15 weeks. The data were collected from March 16 to June 22, 2004. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and paired t-test with SPSS Win 12.0. RESULTS Trunk flexibility, posture management behavior, and self-efficacy significantly increased after the yoga exercise. CONCLUSION Yoga exercise is recommended as a useful nursing intervention that could help prevent spinal-curvature-related disorders among adolescents.
PURPOSE This study was conducted to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a prenatal parental role education program. Methods: The participants were healthy primiparous women and their healthy newborn babies. 57 mother-infant diads(27 in the intervention group, 30 in the control group). For the intervention group, an additional 4 prenatal parental role education programs and 2 postnatal telephone calls(1st & 3rd week after birth) were provided. Data were analyzed by frequency, chi-square test, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS PC+ 10.0 program. RESULTS Significant differences were found in self-confidence in maternal role performance, mother-infant interaction and infant physical growth between the two groups. This result indicate that the intervention program was effective in improving self-confidence in maternal role performance, mother-infant interaction and in facilitating infant physical growth. Conclusions: The prenatal parental role education program developed by the author was a very effective program in promoting maternal self-confidence, mother-infant interaction, and fostering infant's physical growth at 4 weeks after infant's birth.
PURPOSE Humor is an important part of life. Humor has many benefits as an intervention for hospitalized children. Humor is one strategy that pediatric nurses can use to help children cope with illness and hospitalizations. The purposes of the study were to 1) review the definition of humor, 2) identify methods and skills in using humor as an intervention, 3) identify the effects of humor as an intervention, and 4) suggest further research. METHOD The design was a descriptive study with literature review. Previous studies were identified by searches of MEDLINE, CHNIAL, PUBMED and ProQuest. RESULTS Humor has positive physiological, psychological, social and communicative effects on patients and humor has a positive effect on the immune system. CONCLUSION The main point identified from this study suggests that humor as a nursing intervention be developed for nurses to use with children who are hospitalized.
Further research is needed to develop programs for humor as an intervention for health promotion and disease prevention in children.
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