PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the scope of internet addiction in school age children in early grades of elementary school in Korea, and to identify factors affecting internet addiction for these children. METHOD: The participants were 408 children from in grades 1 to 4 in four urban elementary schools. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include a parent-child internet addiction test, a self-control rating scale, and a scale of parent control of on-line use. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Of the children, 71.6% reported being average on-line users, 27.9%, heavy on-line users, and 0.5%, internet addicted. Self control and parent control of on-line use for average on-line users were different from that of heavy on-line users. Significant predictors influencing internet addiction were time spent on-line, self control, gender, father's occupation, on-line games, on-line use alone, and conversation with parents. These predictors accounted for 42% of variance in internet addiction. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of heavy on-line use in children was higher than expected, and internet addiction was influenced by self control, time spent on-line, and related factors. Therefore nursing interventions for prevention and management of internet addiction need to be developed and provided to these children.

PURPOSE
S: The purposes of this study were to evaluate parent satisfaction with inpatient hospital services in children's hospitals and to identify variables related to parent satisfaction. METHOD: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Parents of 165 children who were inpatients in two children's hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire at the time of discharge. For statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used. RESULTS: The highest parent satisfaction domain was nursing service, and the lowest parent satisfaction domain was hospital service and accommodations. Parents were less likely to be satisfied with hospital facilities, equipment, noise and cleaning and less likely to be satisfied with the lack of information they received and with the lack of communication with health care professionals. Parents with longer length of stay and with older children reported higher satisfaction than their counterparts. Moreover, parent satisfaction was related to their intention to revisit and related to intention to recommend this surveyed hospital over others. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to improve parent satisfaction in children's hospital service and accommodation are needed to improve the quality of health care. Communication by health care professionals with parents and a partnership between parents and health care professionals are necessary to improve quality of care.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between BMI, eating disorders, physical symptoms and self-esteem. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive correlation study. Data collection was done by using a constructive self-report questionnaire, a total 231 elementary school girls were measured. The instrument was a constructive questionnaire that consisted 115 items. Data analysis was done by SPSS WIN 10.0 using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The score of eating disorders differed significantly by the BMI : the score was highest in the group of obesity(F=4.53, p=.023). The score of physical symptoms differed significantly by the BMI : the score was highest in the group of obesity(F=3.16, p=.045). There was positive correlation between BMI and eating disorders(r=.247, p<.01), and BMI and physical symptoms(r=.186, p<.01). And there was positive correlation between eating disorders and physical symptoms(r=.253, p<.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that elementary school girls need more education and counseling on dietary. Also, to promote their normal growth development, the systematic efforts to reestablish the social standard of the beauty should be taken.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing parenting stress in primiparas. METHOD: The participants in this study were 198 primiparas of infants aged 1-6 months who visited well baby clinics in 5 hospitals. The data were collected from April 15 to June 15, 2003. RESULTS: The mean score for parenting stress was 2.4 of a possible 5 and thus considered average. The score for parenting stress was significantly correlated with the level of maternal perception of the infant and the level of social support. The score for parenting stress was significantly different according to the education level of the primiparas and prenatal management. For the primiparas, social support(20%) and maternal perception of the infant(9%) were significant predictors explaining parenting stress.
CONCLUSIONS
Nursing interventions to improve maternal perception of the infant and increase social support should be provided for primiparas in order to reduce parenting stress.

PURPOSE
To investigate changes in mother's stress, degree of depression and level of milk secretion hormones when the mothers provided massage to their new born babies.
METHOD
The study was conducted with 65 women who had delivered at a convalescence institute in Incheon between Sep 25, 2003 and Feb 10, 2004. The mothers were assigned to a control group or an experimental group. Infants of mothers in the experimental group received massage from their mothers twice a day for 10 days beginning on the 4th day after delivery. The data were processed using chi square-test, paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using the SAS program.
RESULTS
The level of cortisol, a stress hormone and depression were significantly different between the two groups (p=0.01;p=0.02). While for plasma prolactin level, a milk secretion hormone, there was no significant difference(p=0.14).
CONCLUSIONS
When massage was provided to new-born babies the cortisol level of the mothers decreased significantly compared to the control group which did not receive the massage. As the level of depression of the control group declined as time passed while the experiment group showed no difference and there was no difference in the plasma prolactin level, further study is suggested.

PURPOSE
This descriptive study was conducted to examine the status of the health examination in child care centers.
METHOD
The participants in this study were 631 child care centers. A self report questionnaire on health examination which has been examined for content validity, was distributed by mail to 2,000 child care centers using randomized sampling.
RESULT
Of the sample, 76.2% child care centers had done health examination for children. Height & weight, urinalysis, dental check, anemia test and visual acuity were the most frequently performed items. The rate for maintaining a health record was highest in the national/public child care centers. Child care centers more closely related to community health centers, showed higher rates of health examination. CONCLUSION: Health care personnel and financial aids should be provided for child care centers to enhance the level of health management of children.

PURPOSE
This study was done to evaluate the validity of Korean Denver II developmental screening test in screening children with developmental risk. METHOD: The participants in the study were 113 children referred for developmental assessment in the department of rehabilitation of D University hospital. They were examined with the BSID (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) II and Korean Denver II by one occupational therapist. The data was analyzed by Chi square test and discriminant analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) of the BSID II and the result of the Korean Denver II. The sensitivity and specificity of Korean Denver II were 0.87 and 0.62 when abnormal MDI was defined as lower than 85 was used as a diagnosis of developmental delay. There was a significant relationship between the Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the BSID II and the result of Korean Denver II. The sensitivity and specificity of Korean Denver II were 0.83 and 0.51. The over-all hit ratio was 79.6%. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the Korean Denver II was valid and has good sensitivity and moderate specificity in screening developmental delay.

PURPOSE
This study was done to investigate satisfaction with life in adolescents, and to identify factors affecting satisfaction with life for adolescents. METHOD: The participants were 540 adolescents. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were constructed to include satisfaction with life, mental health, family adaptability and cohesion, and school adjustment. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Satisfaction with life in adolescents correlated with mental health, family adaptability and cohesion, and school adjustment. Satisfaction with life in adolescents was significantly different according to scholastic achievement, parents being alive, economic level of family, and types of family cohesion and adaptability. Significant predictors influencing satisfaction with life in adolescents were school adjustment, family cohesion, mental health, and economic level of family, and these predictors accounted for 28.3% of the variance in satisfaction with life. CONCLUSION: The above findings indicate that satisfaction with life in adolescents is influenced by mental health, family function, and school adjustment. Therefore when nursing interventions are developed to improve satisfaction with life in adolescents, these factors need to be considered.

PURPOSE
This study was done to identify menstrual discomfort and dietary habits, and factors related to the menstrual discomforts. METHOD: Participants were 320 female middle school students in G city. The Menstrual Discomfort Questionaire(MDQ) and dietary habit lists were used as tools. RESULTS: Factors related to MDQ were found to be the VAS scores (r=.361, p=.002), a mount of menstrual bleeding (r=.131, p=.019), height (r=.134, p=.016), adequacy of meal time (t=7.19, p=.008), consumption of milk & milk products (F=3.20, p=.042) and, hot, salty & irritant foods (F=8.01, p=.000), eating more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal (F=8.32, p=.000), and various protein foods (F=5.15, p=.006). In stepwise regression, 4 variables (VAS scores, height, hot, salty & irritant foods, more than 3 kinds of side-dishes with each meal) explained 20.3% of the variance in the total MDQ scores. CONCLUSION: Reduction of hot, salty & irritant foods and having more than 3 side-dishes with each meal would be effective in menstrual discomfort management. As well, good and, balanced dietary habits should be encouraged for early adolescent girls. To keep up with the ideal dietary habits, nutritional education & counseling should be continued. In a further study, a replication study with larger samples and more specified nutritional assessment are recommended.

PURPOSE
This study was done to develop a new nursing intervention, Meridian Massage, and to investigate its effect on weight in infants and mother-infant interaction.
METHOD
This study was conducted using a quasi experimental non equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Thirty-one newborn infants from a postpartum Management Center were selected and assigned to two groups, experimental and control. Data were collected from February 1 to September 30, 2004. Infants in the experimental group (16) were given Meridian massage for 15 minutes daily for 6 days and weighed every day at 10 am. Using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale(1978), mother-infant interaction was determined before the treatment, after 1 week and 1 month after the massage. RESULTS: Infants in the experimental group had a higher average weight than those in the control group and the difference was significant (Z=-2.29, p=.022). For mother-infant interaction, the experimental group had higher scores than the control group, and the difference was significant between both the two groups, and the 3 measurement times. CONCLUSION: The Meridian Massage in this study showed positive weight gain and positive mother-infant interaction. This study shows that meridian massage is an effective nursing intervention in improving infant development.

PURPOSE
In order to provide basic information for the development of nursing programs, health promoting behavior of students rewriting college entrance examinations was examined and factors related to health promotion were identified. METHOD: Data were collected by questionnaire from 804 examines in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province and were analyzed using the SAS program with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULT: The mean score for health promoting behavior was 2.50. The highest score for the sub-areas was harmonious relationships and the lowest was, professional health maintenance. There were significant differences in health promoting behavior according to the following general characteristics; religion, frequency of rewriting college entrance examination, economic burden, parents' education level, grade, satisfaction with parents, friends and rewriting of college entrance examinations, parents' health concerns and knowledge of health, need for health education, and health condition and chronic disease over the past year. Correlations between health promoting behavior and family support and self-esteem were positive. The variables that influenced health promoting behavior were family support (24.5%), self-esteem (11.3%), anxiety (2.6%), and stress of studying (0.5%), explaining 38.9% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
These results will help to develop a nursing program that enhances health promoting behavior of students rewriting college entrance examinations.

PURPOSE
This study is to assess and compare the analgegic effects of 25% sucrose coating pacifier and pacifier.
METHOD
The participants are 75 healthy infants of neonatal age 1-7 days and randomized to receive heel prick before 2 minutes to blood sampling and physiological test in Nursery of A Medical Center from 24, January to 28, February, 2003. The experimental group assigned to one of three treatment groups: no treatment, a pacifier, 25% sucrose coating pacifier. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 11.0 program using Chi square-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe, repeated mesured ANOVA. RESULTS: The pain score of 25% sucrose coating pacifier is lower than no treatment group and pacifier group. In heart rate, there were statistical significant differences between three groups. In repiratory rate, there were no statistical significant differences between three groups. In SaO2, there were statistical significant difference between three groups. CONCLUSION: The 25% sucrose coating pacifier showed pain relief effect in behavior responses and heart rate and SaO2. Accordingly, the sucrose coating pacifier should be applied nursing intervention for simple pain management as heel prick.